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Large Vertical Migrations ofPyrosoma atlanticumPlay an Important Role in Active Carbon Transport

doi: 10.1029/2018jg004918
Large Vertical Migrations ofPyrosoma atlanticumPlay an Important Role in Active Carbon Transport
AbstractPyrosomes are efficient grazers that can form dense aggregations. Their clearance rates are among the highest of any zooplankton grazer, and they can rapidly repackage what they consume into thousands of fecal pellets per hour. In recent years, pyrosome swarms have been found outside of their natural geographical range; however, environmental drivers that promote these swarms are still unknown. During the austral spring of 2017 aPyrosoma atlanticumswarm was sampled in the Tasman Sea. Depth‐stratified sampling during the day and night was used to examine the spatial and vertical distribution ofP. atlanticumacross three eddies. Respiration rate experiments were performed onboard to determine minimum feeding requirements for the pyrosome population.P. atlanticumwas 2 orders of magnitude more abundant in the cold core eddy (CCE) compared to both warm core eddies, with maximum biomass of 360 mg WW·m−3, most likely driven by high chlorophyllaconcentrations.P. atlanticumexhibited diel vertical migration and migrated to a maximum depth strata of 800–1,000 m. Active carbon transport in the CCE was 4 orders of magnitude higher than the warm core eddies. Fecal pellet production contributed to the majority (91%) of transport, and total downward carbon flux below the mixed layer was estimated at 11 mg C·m−2·d−1. When abundant,P. atlanticumswarms have the potential to play a major role in active carbon transport, comparable to fluxes for zooplankton and micronekton communities.
- University of Tasmania Australia
- University of Queensland Australia
- University of Sydney Australia
- University of British Columbia Canada
- University of Queensland Australia
zooplankton, Thaliacea, Ocean, 1904 Earth-Surface Processes, Tunicata, 1107 Forestry, 551, Zooplankton, 2312 Water Science and Technology, 1912 Space and Planetary Science, 1902 Atmospheric Science, 1910 Oceanography, Grazing Impact, Biomass, pyrosomes, 1908 Geophysics, 1111 Soil Science, 1911 Palaeontology, Flux, Sea, 1104 Aquatic Science, Respiratory Carbon, 1901 Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), carbon transport, 1906 Geochemistry and Petrology, Export, Pyrosoma atlanticum, 2303 Ecology
zooplankton, Thaliacea, Ocean, 1904 Earth-Surface Processes, Tunicata, 1107 Forestry, 551, Zooplankton, 2312 Water Science and Technology, 1912 Space and Planetary Science, 1902 Atmospheric Science, 1910 Oceanography, Grazing Impact, Biomass, pyrosomes, 1908 Geophysics, 1111 Soil Science, 1911 Palaeontology, Flux, Sea, 1104 Aquatic Science, Respiratory Carbon, 1901 Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), carbon transport, 1906 Geochemistry and Petrology, Export, Pyrosoma atlanticum, 2303 Ecology
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