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Long-term decline of the Amazon carbon sink

انخفاض طويل الأجل في بالوعة الكربون في الأمازون
Authors: Patricia Alvarez-Loayza; Luiz E. O. C. Aragão; Luiz E. O. C. Aragão; Sophie Fauset; Zorayda Restrepo; Julie Peacock; P. van der Hout; +95 Authors

Long-term decline of the Amazon carbon sink

Abstract

Los registros de dióxido de carbono atmosférico indican que la superficie terrestre ha actuado como un fuerte sumidero de carbono global en las últimas décadas, y una fracción sustancial de este sumidero probablemente se encuentra en los trópicos, particularmente en la Amazonía. Sin embargo, no está claro cómo evolucionará el sumidero de carbono terrestre a medida que el clima y la composición atmosférica continúen cambiando. Aquí analizamos la evolución histórica de la dinámica de la biomasa de la selva amazónica a lo largo de tres décadas utilizando una red distribuida de 321 parcelas. Si bien este análisis confirma que los bosques amazónicos han actuado como un sumidero neto de biomasa a largo plazo, encontramos una tendencia decreciente a largo plazo de la acumulación de carbono. Las tasas de aumento neto de la biomasa superficial disminuyeron en un tercio durante la última década en comparación con la década de 1990. Esto es consecuencia de que los aumentos de la tasa de crecimiento se estabilizaron recientemente, mientras que la mortalidad por biomasa aumentó persistentemente en todo momento, lo que llevó a un acortamiento de los tiempos de residencia del carbono. Los posibles impulsores del aumento de la mortalidad incluyen una mayor variabilidad climática y retroalimentaciones de un crecimiento más rápido de la mortalidad, lo que resulta en una menor longevidad de los árboles. La disminución observada del sumidero amazónico difiere notablemente del reciente aumento de la absorción de carbono terrestre a escala global, y es contraria a las expectativas basadas en modelos.

Les enregistrements atmosphériques de dioxyde de carbone indiquent que la surface terrestre a agi comme un puissant puits de carbone mondial au cours des dernières décennies, une fraction substantielle de ce puits étant probablement située sous les tropiques, en particulier en Amazonie. Néanmoins, on ne sait pas comment le puits de carbone terrestre évoluera à mesure que le climat et la composition atmosphérique continueront de changer. Nous analysons ici l'évolution historique de la dynamique de la biomasse de la forêt amazonienne sur trois décennies à l'aide d'un réseau distribué de 321 parcelles. Bien que cette analyse confirme que les forêts amazoniennes ont agi comme un puits de biomasse net à long terme, nous constatons une tendance à la baisse à long terme de l'accumulation de carbone. Les taux d'augmentation nette de la biomasse aérienne ont diminué d'un tiers au cours de la dernière décennie par rapport aux années 1990. C'est une conséquence de la stabilisation récente de l'augmentation du taux de croissance, tandis que la mortalité liée à la biomasse a constamment augmenté, ce qui a entraîné une réduction des temps de résidence du carbone. Les facteurs potentiels de l'augmentation de la mortalité comprennent une plus grande variabilité du climat et des rétroactions d'une croissance plus rapide sur la mortalité, entraînant une réduction de la longévité des arbres. Le déclin observé du puits amazonien s'écarte nettement de la récente augmentation de l'absorption terrestre de carbone à l'échelle mondiale, et est contraire aux attentes basées sur des modèles.

Atmospheric carbon dioxide records indicate that the land surface has acted as a strong global carbon sink over recent decades, with a substantial fraction of this sink probably located in the tropics, particularly in the Amazon. Nevertheless, it is unclear how the terrestrial carbon sink will evolve as climate and atmospheric composition continue to change. Here we analyse the historical evolution of the biomass dynamics of the Amazon rainforest over three decades using a distributed network of 321 plots. While this analysis confirms that Amazon forests have acted as a long-term net biomass sink, we find a long-term decreasing trend of carbon accumulation. Rates of net increase in above-ground biomass declined by one-third during the past decade compared to the 1990s. This is a consequence of growth rate increases levelling off recently, while biomass mortality persistently increased throughout, leading to a shortening of carbon residence times. Potential drivers for the mortality increase include greater climate variability, and feedbacks of faster growth on mortality, resulting in shortened tree longevity. The observed decline of the Amazon sink diverges markedly from the recent increase in terrestrial carbon uptake at the global scale, and is contrary to expectations based on models.

تشير سجلات ثاني أكسيد الكربون في الغلاف الجوي إلى أن سطح الأرض كان بمثابة حوض كربون عالمي قوي على مدى العقود الأخيرة، وربما يقع جزء كبير من هذا الحوض في المناطق المدارية، لا سيما في الأمازون. ومع ذلك، من غير الواضح كيف ستتطور بالوعة الكربون الأرضية مع استمرار تغير المناخ وتكوين الغلاف الجوي. نحلل هنا التطور التاريخي لديناميكيات الكتلة الحيوية لغابات الأمازون المطيرة على مدى ثلاثة عقود باستخدام شبكة موزعة من 321 قطعة أرض. في حين يؤكد هذا التحليل أن غابات الأمازون كانت بمثابة بالوعة صافية طويلة الأجل للكتلة الحيوية، فإننا نجد اتجاهًا تنازليًا طويل الأجل لتراكم الكربون. انخفضت معدلات الزيادة الصافية في الكتلة الحيوية فوق الأرض بمقدار الثلث خلال العقد الماضي مقارنة بالتسعينيات. وهذا نتيجة لاستقرار زيادات معدل النمو في الآونة الأخيرة، في حين زادت وفيات الكتلة الحيوية باستمرار طوال الوقت، مما أدى إلى تقصير أوقات بقاء الكربون. وتشمل الدوافع المحتملة لزيادة الوفيات زيادة تقلب المناخ، وردود الفعل على النمو الأسرع للوفيات، مما يؤدي إلى تقصير عمر الأشجار. يختلف الانخفاض الملحوظ في حوض الأمازون بشكل ملحوظ عن الزيادة الأخيرة في امتصاص الكربون الأرضي على النطاق العالمي، ويتعارض مع التوقعات القائمة على النماذج.

Countries
France, United Kingdom, France, Brazil, United Kingdom, France, France, Brazil, United Kingdom, France, Australia, United Kingdom, United Kingdom
Keywords

Biomass (ecology), 550, forêt tropicale, Carbon sink, Climate change, Biomass, Global and Planetary Change, Geography, Amazonian, Geology, Carbon cycle, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], Sink (geography), Physical Sciences, Priority Journal, Cartography, Carbon Sequestration, 330, P40 - Météorologie et climatologie, Carbon dioxide in Earth's atmosphere, Longevity, Environmental Change, Mortalité, 333, Environmental science, Forest ecology, Climate-change ecology, Population dynamics, Net Ecosystem Exchange, Biology, Ecosystem, Nature and Landscape Conservation, Changement climatique, Forest Ecosystem, [ SDV ] Life Sciences [q-bio], Atmosphere, Global Forest Drought Response and Climate Change, Brasil, Microclimate, Numerical Model, Carbon, Forest Dynamics, FOS: Biological sciences, Environmental Science, Carbon Sink, Cycle du carbone, Carbon sequestration, Atmospheric sciences, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Growth, Estimation of Forest Biomass and Carbon Stocks, Tropic Climate, Trees, Biodiversity Conservation and Ecosystem Management, Development And Aging, Biomasse, Dynamique des populations, Carbon Dynamics, Plant Stems, Ecology, Carbon Flux, Wood, Chemistry, séquestration du carbone, protection de la forêt, P01 - Conservation de la nature et ressources foncières, Habitat Fragmentation, Tree, Brazil, Rainforest, Amazon rainforest, Climate Change, Population Productivity, Plant Stem, Amazonia, Tree Growth, Mortality, écosystème forestier, Tropical Climate, FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences, South America, Carbon Dioxide, Longévité, K10 - Production forestière, Metabolism, Carbon dioxide, Analysis, Global Climate, agrovoc: agrovoc:c_8186, agrovoc: agrovoc:c_2485, agrovoc: agrovoc:c_331583, agrovoc: agrovoc:c_4945, agrovoc: agrovoc:c_4428, agrovoc: agrovoc:c_28075, agrovoc: agrovoc:c_1666, agrovoc: agrovoc:c_17299, agrovoc: agrovoc:c_3093, agrovoc: agrovoc:c_1070, agrovoc: agrovoc:c_32372, agrovoc: agrovoc:c_24904, agrovoc: agrovoc:c_6111, agrovoc: agrovoc:c_926, agrovoc: agrovoc:c_331403, agrovoc: agrovoc:c_1374842133961, agrovoc: agrovoc:c_1767, agrovoc: agrovoc:c_5725

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    This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
    843
    popularity
    This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
    Top 0.1%
    influence
    This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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    This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
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citations
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
843
Top 0.1%
Top 1%
Top 0.1%
Green
bronze