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Biological impact of lead from halide perovskites reveals the risk of introducing a safe threshold

AbstractRegulations currently in force enable to claim that the lead content in perovskite solar cells is low enough to be safe, or no more dangerous, than other electronics also containing lead. However, the actual environmental impact of lead from perovskite is unknown. Here we show that the lead from perovskite leaking into the ground can enter plants, and consequently the food cycle, ten times more effectively than other lead contaminants already present as the result of the human activities. We further demonstrate that replacing lead with tin represents an environmentally-safer option. Our data suggest that we need to treat the lead from perovskite with exceptional care. In particular, we point out that the safety level for lead content in perovskite-based needs to be lower than other lead-containing electronics. We encourage replacing lead completely with more inert metals to deliver safe perovskite technologies.
- Helmholtz Association of German Research Centres Germany
- University Federico II of Naples Italy
- Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University China (People's Republic of)
- Fuzhou University China (People's Republic of)
- Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University China (People's Republic of)
Solar cells of the next generation, Titanium, Science, Q, Oxides, Calcium Compounds, Mentha spicata, Article, Calcium Compounds; Electronics; Lead; Mentha spicata; Oxides; Soil; Soil Pollutants; Solar Energy; Titanium; Threshold Limit Values, Soil, Lead, Solar Energy, Soil Pollutants, Electronics, Threshold Limit Values
Solar cells of the next generation, Titanium, Science, Q, Oxides, Calcium Compounds, Mentha spicata, Article, Calcium Compounds; Electronics; Lead; Mentha spicata; Oxides; Soil; Soil Pollutants; Solar Energy; Titanium; Threshold Limit Values, Soil, Lead, Solar Energy, Soil Pollutants, Electronics, Threshold Limit Values
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