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Astronomy and Astrophysics
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Formation of complex organic molecules in molecular clouds: acetaldehyde, vinyl alcohol, ketene, and ethanol via the “energetic” processing of C2H2 ice

acetaldehyde, vinyl alcohol, ketene, and ethanol via the ''energetic'' processing of C2H2 ice
Authors: Cornelia Jäger; Gleb Fedoseev; Gleb Fedoseev; Gleb Fedoseev; Maria Elisabetta Palumbo; Harold Linnartz; K.-J. Chuang; +4 Authors

Formation of complex organic molecules in molecular clouds: acetaldehyde, vinyl alcohol, ketene, and ethanol via the “energetic” processing of C2H2 ice

Abstract

Context. The simultaneous detection of organic molecules of the form C2HnO, such as ketene (CH2CO), acetaldehyde (CH3CHO), and ethanol (CH3CH2OH), toward early star-forming regions offers hints of a shared chemical history. Several reaction routes have been proposed and experimentally verified under various interstellar conditions to explain the formation pathways involved. Most noticeably, the non-energetic processing of C2H2 ice with OH-radicals and H-atoms was shown to provide formation routes to ketene, acetaldehyde, ethanol, and vinyl alcohol (CH2CHOH) along the H2O formation sequence on grain surfaces in translucent clouds. Aims. In this work, the non-energetic formation scheme is extended with laboratory measurements focusing on the energetic counterpart, induced by cosmic rays penetrating the H2O-rich ice mantle. The focus here is on the H+ radiolysis of interstellar C2H2:H2O ice analogs at 17 K. Methods. Ultra-high vacuum experiments were performed to investigate the 200 keV H+ radiolysis chemistry of predeposited C2H2:H2O ices, both as mixed and layered geometries. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy was used to monitor in situ newly formed species as a function of the accumulated energy dose (or H+ fluence). The infrared spectral assignments are further confirmed in isotope labeling experiments using H218O. Results. The energetic processing of C2H2:H2O ice not only results in the formation of (semi-) saturated hydrocarbons (C2H4 and C2H6) and polyynes as well as cumulenes (C4H2 and C4H4), but it also efficiently forms O-bearing COMs, including vinyl alcohol, ketene, acetaldehyde, and ethanol, for which the reaction cross-section and product composition are derived. A clear composition transition of the product, from H-poor to H-rich species, is observed as a function of the accumulated energy dose. Furthermore, the astronomical relevance of the resulting reaction network is discussed.

Countries
Netherlands, Italy, Russian Federation, Russian Federation
Keywords

STAR-FORMING REGION, Astrophysics, ISOTOPE LABELING EXPERIMENTS, Laboratory, MOLECULES, ISM: MOLECULES, Methods, Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, FREE RADICALS, RADIOLYSIS, Astrochemistry, Molecular Processes, ASTROCHEMISTRY, Astrophysics of Galaxies, Physics, ETHYLENE, Cosmic Rays, METHODS: LABORATORY: SOLID STATE, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Infrared, PRODUCT COMPOSITION, RADIATION CHEMISTRY, LABORATORY MEASUREMENTS, SATURATED HYDROCARBONS, PETROLEUM TAR, FOS: Physical sciences, SIMULTANEOUS DETECTION, INFRARED: ISM, Physics - Chemical Physics, CHEMICAL DETECTION, ETHANOL, ACETALDEHYDE, ISM, Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR), Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph), Chemical Physics, COSMIC RAY MEASUREMENT, FOURIER TRANSFORM INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY, REACTION CROSS-SECTION, COMPLEX ORGANIC MOLECULES, ICE, COSMIC RAYS, Molecules, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Solid State, COSMOLOGY, Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), MOLECULAR PROCESSES

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citations
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
25
Top 10%
Average
Top 10%
Green
hybrid