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Quels impacts des changements climatiques sur les eaux de surface en France à l’horizon 2070 ?

doi: 10.1051/lhb/2013027
Quels impacts des changements climatiques sur les eaux de surface en France à l’horizon 2070 ?
Dans le cadre du projet Explore 2070, une evaluation des impacts possibles des changements climatiques sur les eaux de surface a l’horizon 2046-2065 par rapport a un etat de reference 1961-1990 a ete realisee en France metropolitaine et sur les departements d’Outre-Mer sur la base du scenario d’emission de gaz a effet de serre A1B, de sept modeles climatiques et deux modeles hydrologiques (Isba-Modcou et GR4J). Sur la metropole, les resultats obtenus indiquent : (1) une augmentation possible des temperatures moyennes annuelles de l’air de l’ordre de +1,4°C a + 3°C ; (2) une evolution incertaine des precipitations, la plupart des modeles s’accordant cependant sur une tendance a la baisse des precipitations en ete sur l’ensemble de la metropole ; (3) une diminution significative globale des debits moyens annuels a l’echelle du territoire, de l’ordre de 10 % a 40 %, particulierement prononcee sur les districts Seine-Normandie et Adour Garonne ; (4) pour une grande majorite des cours d’eau, une baisse prononcee des debits d’etiage ; (5) des evolutions plus heterogenes et globalement moins importantes sur les crues. Une attention particuliere a ete donnee a l’evaluation des incertitudes associees a ces resultats. Elles permettent de mieux evaluer le niveau de signification des evolutions projetees. Les tendances calculees pour les departements d’Outre-Mer peuvent etre considerees comme non significatives compte tenu du niveau d’incertitude eleve associe a la chaine de modelisation hydro-climatique. Les resultats obtenus invitent a definir des a present des strategies d’adaptation basees notamment sur une meilleure gestion de la ressource. / Within the Explore 2070 project, an evaluation of the possible impacts of climate change on surface water between the 1961-1990 reference period and the 2046-2065 period was carried out in continental France and in overseas departments on the basis of the A1B greenhouse gas emission scenario, seven general circulation models and two hydrological models (Isba-Modcou and GR4J). In continental France, results indicate: (1) a possible increase in air temperature between +1.4°C and +3°C; (2) an uncertain evolution of precipitation, most models however agreeing on a decreasing trend in summer precipitation; (3) a significant decrease (10% to 40%) of mean annual flows at the country scale, especially pronounced in the Seine-Normandie and Adour-Garonne districts; (4) a strong decrease in summer low flows in most basins; (5) more heterogeneous and less significant evolutions for floods. A special care was given to the quantification of the uncertainties linked to these results. They provide an indication of the significance of projected changes. The evolutions calculated in the overseas zones can be considered non-significant given the level of uncertainty linked to the hydro-climatic modelling chain. These results urge to implement adaptation strategies based on a better management of water resources, among others.
[SDE] Environmental Sciences, incertitudes, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, HYDROLOGICAL IMPACT, CLIMATE CHANGE, FRANCE, STU:HY] Sciences of the Universe/Earth Sciences/Hydrology [[SDU], [SDU.STU.ME]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Meteorology, RESSOURCES EN EAU, STU:HY] Planète et Univers/Sciences de la Terre/Hydrologie [[SDU], UNCERTAINTIES, [ SDE ] Environmental Sciences, INCERTITUDE, PREVISION HYDROLOGIQUE, [SDU.STU.ME] Sciences of the Universe/Earth Sciences/Meteorology, MCG] Environmental Sciences/Global Changes [[SDE], [SDU.STU.HY] Sciences of the Universe/Earth Sciences/Hydrology, [SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology, STU:ME] Sciences of the Universe/Earth Sciences/Meteorology [[SDU], PROSPECTIVE, STU:ME] Planète et Univers/Sciences de la Terre/Météorologie [[SDU], changement climatique, impacts hydrologiques, EAU DE SURFACE, IMPACT HYDROLOGIQUE, multi-modèle, [ SDU.STU.ME ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Meteorology, ETUDE D'IMPACT, [ SDE.MCG ] Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, [SDE.MCG] Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, [SDE] Sciences de l'environnement, CHANGEMENT CLIMATIQUE, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, MCG] Sciences de l'environnement/Milieux et Changements globaux [[SDE], OUTRE MER, France, MULTIMODEL, [ SDU.STU.HY ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology
[SDE] Environmental Sciences, incertitudes, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, HYDROLOGICAL IMPACT, CLIMATE CHANGE, FRANCE, STU:HY] Sciences of the Universe/Earth Sciences/Hydrology [[SDU], [SDU.STU.ME]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Meteorology, RESSOURCES EN EAU, STU:HY] Planète et Univers/Sciences de la Terre/Hydrologie [[SDU], UNCERTAINTIES, [ SDE ] Environmental Sciences, INCERTITUDE, PREVISION HYDROLOGIQUE, [SDU.STU.ME] Sciences of the Universe/Earth Sciences/Meteorology, MCG] Environmental Sciences/Global Changes [[SDE], [SDU.STU.HY] Sciences of the Universe/Earth Sciences/Hydrology, [SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology, STU:ME] Sciences of the Universe/Earth Sciences/Meteorology [[SDU], PROSPECTIVE, STU:ME] Planète et Univers/Sciences de la Terre/Météorologie [[SDU], changement climatique, impacts hydrologiques, EAU DE SURFACE, IMPACT HYDROLOGIQUE, multi-modèle, [ SDU.STU.ME ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Meteorology, ETUDE D'IMPACT, [ SDE.MCG ] Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, [SDE.MCG] Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, [SDE] Sciences de l'environnement, CHANGEMENT CLIMATIQUE, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, MCG] Sciences de l'environnement/Milieux et Changements globaux [[SDE], OUTRE MER, France, MULTIMODEL, [ SDU.STU.HY ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology
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