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Volcanic ash layers illuminate the resilience of Neanderthals and early modern humans to natural hazards

Name: Volcanic ash layers illuminate the resilience of Neanderthals and early modern humans to natural hazards
Keywords: natural disaster, 550, Human dispersal, Climate, 599, population, Mass Spectrometry, Neanderthal, Research Groups and Centres\Earth Sciences\Geochemistry, [SDU.STU.VO] Sciences of the Universe/Earth Sciences/Volcanology

descriptionPublicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article , Journal , Other literature type 23 Jul 2012 Italy, Australia, United Kingdom, France Publisher:Proceedings of the National Academy of SciencesJournal:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, volume 109, pages 13,532-13,537 (issn: 0027-8424, eissn: 1091-6490,

Authors: Lowe, John; Barton, N.; Blockley, Simon; Ramsey, C. Bronk; Cullen, Victoria L.; Davies, S. W. G.; Gamble, Clive; +36 Authors

doi: 10.1073/pnas.1204579109

pmid: 22826222

pmc: PMC3427068

handle: 11588/497702 , 1885/65775

Volcanic ash layers illuminate the resilience of Neanderthals and early modern humans to natural hazards

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Abstract

Marked changes in human dispersal and development during the Middle to Upper Paleolithic transition have been attributed to massive volcanic eruption and/or severe climatic deterioration. We test this concept using records of volcanic ash layers of the Campanian Ignimbrite eruption dated to ca. 40,000 y ago (40 ka B.P.). The distribution of the Campanian Ignimbrite has been enhanced by the discovery of cryptotephra deposits (volcanic ash layers that are not visible to the naked eye) in archaeological cave sequences. They enable us to synchronize archaeological and paleoclimatic records through the period of transition from Neanderthal to the earliest anatomically modern human populations in Europe. Our results confirm that the combined effects of a major volcanic eruption and severe climatic cooling failed to have lasting impacts on Neanderthals or early modern humans in Europe. We infer that modern humans proved a greater competitive threat to indigenous populations than natural disasters.

Countries

Italy, Australia, United Kingdom, France

Related Organizations

THE CHANCELLOR, MASTERS AND SCHOLARS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE
United Kingdom
National Institute of Geophysics and Volcanology
Italy
University of Cambridge
United Kingdom
University College London
United Kingdom
Università degli studi di Salerno
Italy

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Keywords

natural disaster, 550, Human dispersal, Climate, 599, population, Mass Spectrometry, Neanderthal, Research Groups and Centres\Earth Sciences\Geochemistry, [SDU.STU.VO] Sciences of the Universe/Earth Sciences/Volcanology, Homo neanderthalensis, Campanian Ignimbrite, VOLCANIC ASH, Earliest anatomically modern human, MODERN HUMANS, Neanderthals, Geography, Fossils, article, Hominidae, ABRUPT CLIMATE-CHANGE, Europe, climate change, priority journal, Archaeology, campi Flegrei, competition, Cryptotephra deposits, cooling, Faculty of Science\Geography, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Research Groups and Centres\Earth Sciences\Ancient and Modern Earth Systems, 930, Volcanic Eruptions, volcanology, paleoclimate, volcanic ash, volcanology; archeology; campi Flegrei; Campanian Ignimbrite, Faculty of Science\Earth Sciences, [SDU.STU.VO]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Volcanology, Middle to Upper Paleolithic transition, Animals, Humans, human, climate, nonhuman, [SHS.ARCHEO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, /dk/atira/pure/core/subjects/geography, Volcanic eruption, Mass, Keywords: archeology, [SDE.MCG] Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Research Groups and Centres\Geography\Centre for Quaternary Research, archeology, [SDU.STU.VO] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Volcanology, Microscopy, Electron, Scanning, Paleolithic Transitions, Volcanic ash

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