The objective of this study was to collect data providing information about the biomarker characteristics of alcohol use among a sample of military personnel in the U.S. Army. Military personnel enrolled in the Army Substance Abuse Program at the Walter Reed Army Medical Center in Washington, DC, received a comprehensive assessment that included a panel of direct and indirect biomarkers. A total of 80 records were reviewed to assess biomarker results. Higher Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test scores correlated with higher gamma glutamyltransferase levels. All subjects tested negative on the initial breathalyzer. All subjects completed an initial ethyl glucuronide and approximately one-third received a positive report. A second positive ethyl glucuronide did correlate with a positive third and fourth result. Military personnel deployed to an area of combat operations reported tobacco use more frequently than military personnel not assigned to an area of combat operations. A broad range of assessment tools, including traditional interviews, standardized questionnaires, indirect, and direct biomarkers, provide clinicians the techniques to screen alcohol use disorders. Direct biomarkers are a valuable assessment tool but must be integrated with the other components of the diagnostic evaluation.