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Environmental Research Letters
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Disentangling climatic and anthropogenic controls on global terrestrial evapotranspiration trends

تفكيك الضوابط المناخية والبشرية على اتجاهات التبخر والنتح الأرضية العالمية
Authors: Jiafu Mao; Wenting Fu; Xiaoying Shi; D. M. Ricciuto; Joshua B. Fisher; Robert E. Dickinson; Yaxing Wei; +34 Authors

Disentangling climatic and anthropogenic controls on global terrestrial evapotranspiration trends

Abstract

Nous avons examiné les contrôles naturels et anthropiques sur les changements de l'évapotranspiration terrestre (ET) de 1982 à 2010 en utilisant de multiples estimations à partir d'ensembles de données de télédétection et de modèles de surface terrestre orientés processus. Une tendance à la hausse significative de l'ET dans chaque hémisphère a été constamment révélée par des données contraintes par l'observation et des ensembles multimodèles qui considéraient les facteurs naturels et anthropiques historiques. Les impacts climatiques ont été simulés pour déterminer les variations spatio-temporelles de l'ET. À l'échelle mondiale, l'augmentation du CO2 s'est classée au deuxième rang de ces modèles après les influences climatiques prédominantes et a entraîné une diminution des tendances en matière de transpiration de la canopée et d'ET, en particulier pour les forêts tropicales et les terres arbustives de haute latitude. L'augmentation des dépôts d'azote a légèrement amplifié l'ET global via une croissance accrue des plantes. Les réponses ET induites par l'utilisation des terres, bien qu'avec des incertitudes substantielles dans l'analyse factorielle, étaient mineures à l'échelle mondiale, mais prononcées localement, en particulier dans les régions avec des changements intensifs de la couverture terrestre. Notre étude souligne l'importance d'utiliser des estimations multi-flux d'ET et de composantes d'ET pour quantifier l'empreinte anthropique de renforcement dans le cycle hydrologique mondial.

Examinamos los controles naturales y antropogénicos sobre los cambios de evapotranspiración terrestre (ET) de 1982 a 2010 utilizando múltiples estimaciones de conjuntos de datos basados en teledetección y modelos de superficie terrestre orientados a procesos. Una tendencia creciente significativa de ET en cada hemisferio fue revelada consistentemente por datos restringidos observacionalmente y conjuntos multimodelo que consideraron impulsores históricos naturales y antropogénicos. Los impactos climáticos se simularon para determinar las variaciones espaciotemporales en ET. A nivel mundial, el aumento de CO2 ocupó el segundo lugar en estos modelos después de las influencias climáticas predominantes, y produjo tendencias decrecientes en la transpiración del dosel y ET, especialmente para los bosques tropicales y las tierras de arbustos de alta latitud. El aumento de la deposición de nitrógeno amplificó ligeramente la ET global a través del crecimiento mejorado de las plantas. Las respuestas ET inducidas por el uso de la tierra, aunque con incertidumbres sustanciales en todo el análisis factorial, fueron menores a nivel mundial, pero pronunciadas a nivel local, particularmente en regiones con cambios intensivos en la cobertura terrestre. Nuestro estudio destaca la importancia de emplear estimaciones de múltiples corrientes ET y componentes ET para cuantificar el fortalecimiento de la huella dactilar antropogénica en el ciclo hidrológico global.

قمنا بفحص الضوابط الطبيعية والبشرية على تغيرات التبخر والنتح الأرضي (ET) من عام 1982 إلى عام 2010 باستخدام تقديرات متعددة من مجموعات البيانات القائمة على الاستشعار عن بعد ونماذج سطح الأرض الموجهة نحو العمليات. تم الكشف باستمرار عن اتجاه متزايد كبير للكائنات الفضائية في كل نصف كرة من خلال البيانات المقيدة بالملاحظة والمجموعات متعددة النماذج التي تعتبر محركات طبيعية وبشرية المنشأ تاريخية. تمت محاكاة التأثيرات المناخية لتحديد الاختلافات المكانية والزمانية في المخلوقات الفضائية. على الصعيد العالمي، احتل ارتفاع ثاني أكسيد الكربون المرتبة الثانية في هذه النماذج بعد التأثيرات المناخية السائدة، وأسفر عن اتجاهات متناقصة في نتح المظلة والمخلوقات الفضائية، خاصة بالنسبة للغابات الاستوائية وأراضي الشجيرات على خطوط العرض العالية. أدت زيادة ترسب النيتروجين إلى تضخيم المخلوقات الفضائية العالمية قليلاً عن طريق تعزيز نمو النبات. كانت استجابات المخلوقات الفضائية الناجمة عن استخدام الأراضي، وإن كان ذلك مع وجود أوجه عدم يقين كبيرة عبر تحليل العوامل، طفيفة على مستوى العالم، ولكنها كانت واضحة محليًا، لا سيما في المناطق التي تشهد تغيرات مكثفة في الغطاء الأرضي. تسلط دراستنا الضوء على أهمية استخدام تقديرات المخلوقات الفضائية ومكوناتها متعددة الدفق لقياس البصمة البشرية القوية في الدورة الهيدرولوجية العالمية.

We examined natural and anthropogenic controls on terrestrial evapotranspiration (ET) changes from 1982 to 2010 using multiple estimates from remote sensing-based datasets and process-oriented land surface models. A significant increasing trend of ET in each hemisphere was consistently revealed by observationally-constrained data and multi-model ensembles that considered historic natural and anthropogenic drivers. The climate impacts were simulated to determine the spatiotemporal variations in ET. Globally, rising CO2 ranked second in these models after the predominant climatic influences, and yielded decreasing trends in canopy transpiration and ET, especially for tropical forests and high-latitude shrub land. Increasing nitrogen deposition slightly amplified global ET via enhanced plant growth. Land-use-induced ET responses, albeit with substantial uncertainties across the factorial analysis, were minor globally, but pronounced locally, particularly over regions with intensive land-cover changes. Our study highlights the importance of employing multi-stream ET and ET-component estimates to quantify the strengthening anthropogenic fingerprint in the global hydrologic cycle.

Country
France
Keywords

Atmospheric sciences, Climate Change and Variability Research, Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering, factorial analysis, MsTMIP, Climate change, GE1-350, TD1-1066, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Climatology, Global and Planetary Change, Evapotranspiration, Ecology, Physics, Q, Geology, Emissions, Physical Sciences, Global Vegetation Models, environment, Atmospheric, Land cover, Science, QC1-999, evapotranspiration, natural and anthropogenic controls, Environmental science, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Biology, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Global Forest Drought Response and Climate Change, FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences, Environmental sciences, FOS: Biological sciences, Environmental Science, Global Methane Emissions and Impacts, Land use, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, Water cycle, Climate Modeling

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citations
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
132
Top 1%
Top 10%
Top 1%
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