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Toward a protocol for quantifying the greenhouse gas balance and identifying mitigation options in smallholder farming systems

نحو بروتوكول لقياس توازن غازات الدفيئة وتحديد خيارات التخفيف في أنظمة زراعة أصحاب الحيازات الصغيرة
Authors: Todd S. Rosenstock; Marta M Rufino; Klaus Butterbach‐Bahl; Eva K. Wollenberg;

Toward a protocol for quantifying the greenhouse gas balance and identifying mitigation options in smallholder farming systems

Abstract

À l'échelle mondiale, l'agriculture est directement responsable de 14 % des émissions annuelles de gaz à effet de serre (GES) et induit 17 % supplémentaires par le changement d'affectation des terres, principalement dans les pays en développement (Vermeulen et al 2012). L'intensification et l'expansion de l'agriculture dans ces régions devraient catalyser les augmentations relatives les plus importantes des émissions de GES agricoles au cours de la prochaine décennie (Smith et al 2008, Tilman et al 2011). Les exploitations agricoles dans les pays en développement d'Afrique subsaharienne et d'Asie sont principalement gérées par de petits exploitants, avec 80 % des terres de moins de dix hectares (FAO 2012). On peut donc affirmer que les petites exploitations agricoles ont un impact significatif sur l'équilibre des GES de ces régions aujourd'hui et continueront de le faire dans un proche avenir.

A nivel mundial, la agricultura es directamente responsable del 14% de las emisiones anuales de gases de efecto invernadero (GEI) e induce un 17% adicional a través del cambio en el uso de la tierra, principalmente en los países en desarrollo (Vermeulen et al 2012). Se espera que la intensificación y expansión agrícola en estas regiones catalice los aumentos relativos más significativos en las emisiones de GEI agrícolas durante la próxima década (Smith et al 2008, Tilman et al 2011). Las explotaciones agrícolas en los países en desarrollo de África subsahariana y Asia están gestionadas predominantemente por pequeños agricultores, con un 80% de las explotaciones de tierras de menos de diez hectáreas (FAO 2012). Por lo tanto, se puede postular que la agricultura a pequeña escala afecta significativamente el balance de GEI de estas regiones hoy en día y continuará haciéndolo en el futuro cercano.

Globally, agriculture is directly responsible for 14% of annual greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and induces an additional 17% through land use change, mostly in developing countries (Vermeulen et al 2012). Agricultural intensification and expansion in these regions is expected to catalyze the most significant relative increases in agricultural GHG emissions over the next decade (Smith et al 2008, Tilman et al 2011). Farms in the developing countries of sub-Saharan Africa and Asia are predominately managed by smallholders, with 80% of land holdings smaller than ten hectares (FAO 2012). One can therefore posit that smallholder farming significantly impacts the GHG balance of these regions today and will continue to do so in the near future.

على الصعيد العالمي، الزراعة مسؤولة بشكل مباشر عن 14 ٪ من انبعاثات غازات الدفيئة السنوية (GHG) وتحفز 17 ٪ إضافية من خلال تغيير استخدام الأراضي، ومعظمها في البلدان النامية (Vermeulen et al 2012). ومن المتوقع أن يحفز التكثيف والتوسع الزراعي في هذه المناطق أهم الزيادات النسبية في انبعاثات غازات الدفيئة الزراعية على مدى العقد المقبل (سميث وآخرون 2008، تيلمان وآخرون 2011). يدير المزارع في البلدان النامية في أفريقيا جنوب الصحراء الكبرى وآسيا في الغالب أصحاب الحيازات الصغيرة، حيث تقل 80 ٪ من حيازات الأراضي عن عشرة هكتارات (منظمة الأغذية والزراعة 2012). لذلك يمكن للمرء أن يفترض أن زراعة أصحاب الحيازات الصغيرة تؤثر بشكل كبير على توازن غازات الدفيئة في هذه المناطق اليوم وستستمر في القيام بذلك في المستقبل القريب.

Countries
United Kingdom, United States, Germany, United States
Keywords

550, Adaptation to Climate Change in Agriculture, Economics, Climate, Agricultural Innovation and Livelihood Diversification, Hectare, Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering, 630, Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Natural resource economics, Agricultural land, GE1-350, Business, TD1-1066, Agricultural economics, Ecology, Geography, Physics, Q, Life Sciences, Agriculture, Sustainability, Archaeology, Physical Sciences, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Sustainable Diets and Environmental Impact, Science, QC1-999, Greenhouse gas, Environmental science, Agroforestry, Biology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Land use, land-use change and forestry, Climate Solutions, info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/550, ddc:550, Sustainable Agriculture, Environmental sciences, Earth sciences, FOS: Biological sciences, Environmental Science, Land use

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    citations
    This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
    46
    popularity
    This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
    Top 10%
    influence
    This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
    Top 10%
    impulse
    This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
    Top 10%
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citations
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
46
Top 10%
Top 10%
Top 10%
Green
gold