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Towards a climate-dependent paradigm of ammonia emission and deposition

pmid: 23713128
pmc: PMC3682750
Existing descriptions of bi-directional ammonia (NH 3 ) land–atmosphere exchange incorporate temperature and moisture controls, and are beginning to be used in regional chemical transport models. However, such models have typically applied simpler emission factors to upscale the main NH 3 emission terms. While this approach has successfully simulated the main spatial patterns on local to global scales, it fails to address the environment- and climate-dependence of emissions. To handle these issues, we outline the basis for a new modelling paradigm where both NH 3 emissions and deposition are calculated online according to diurnal, seasonal and spatial differences in meteorology. We show how measurements reveal a strong, but complex pattern of climatic dependence, which is increasingly being characterized using ground-based NH 3 monitoring and satellite observations, while advances in process-based modelling are illustrated for agricultural and natural sources, including a global application for seabird colonies. A future architecture for NH 3 emission–deposition modelling is proposed that integrates the spatio-temporal interactions, and provides the necessary foundation to assess the consequences of climate change. Based on available measurements, a first empirical estimate suggests that 5°C warming would increase emissions by 42 per cent (28–67%). Together with increased anthropogenic activity, global NH 3 emissions may increase from 65 (45–85) Tg N in 2008 to reach 132 (89–179) Tg by 2100.
- King's College London United Kingdom
- INRIA -(INRIA CENTRE SOPHIA-ANTIPOLIS MEDITERRANNEE) France
- Kings College London United Kingdom
- Hospital General Universitario de Ciudad Real Spain
- University of Paris France
[SDE] Environmental Sciences, 550, Climate, ammonia, deposition, managed grassland, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], nitrogen, [ SDE ] Environmental Sciences, [SDU.STU.CL] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology, Urban Development, emission, atmospheric modelling, Built Environment, volatilization, dutch heathland, Química, Nitrogen Cycle, Environmental and Life Sciences, [ SDE.MCG ] Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Atmospheric modeling, [ PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH ] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], [SDU.STU.CL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, [ SDU.STU.CL ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology, Sciences exactes et naturelles, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Earth & Environment, Climate Change, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH] Physics/Physics/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics, 333, Air and Sustainability, EELS - Earth, Atmospheric Sciences, soil, Emission, Birds, CAS - Climate, Ammonia, Air Pollution, Animals, compensation point, Deposition, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], canopy, gas-particle interactions, model, Atmosphere, Models, Theoretical, United States, [SDE.MCG] Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, [SDU.STU.CL] Sciences of the Universe/Earth Sciences/Climatology, plant-atmosphere exchange, Climate Emission Environment
[SDE] Environmental Sciences, 550, Climate, ammonia, deposition, managed grassland, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], nitrogen, [ SDE ] Environmental Sciences, [SDU.STU.CL] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology, Urban Development, emission, atmospheric modelling, Built Environment, volatilization, dutch heathland, Química, Nitrogen Cycle, Environmental and Life Sciences, [ SDE.MCG ] Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Atmospheric modeling, [ PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH ] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], [SDU.STU.CL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, [ SDU.STU.CL ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology, Sciences exactes et naturelles, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Earth & Environment, Climate Change, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH] Physics/Physics/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics, 333, Air and Sustainability, EELS - Earth, Atmospheric Sciences, soil, Emission, Birds, CAS - Climate, Ammonia, Air Pollution, Animals, compensation point, Deposition, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], canopy, gas-particle interactions, model, Atmosphere, Models, Theoretical, United States, [SDE.MCG] Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, [SDU.STU.CL] Sciences of the Universe/Earth Sciences/Climatology, plant-atmosphere exchange, Climate Emission Environment
citations This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).343 popularity This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.Top 0.1% influence This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).Top 1% impulse This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.Top 1%
