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Projecting Global Biodiversity Indicators under Future Development Scenarios

Projecting biodiversity indicators
Authors: Thomas M. Brooks; Thomas M. Brooks; Thomas M. Brooks; Daniele Baisero; Michel Bakkenes; Moreno Di Marco; Carlo Rondinini; +16 Authors

Projecting Global Biodiversity Indicators under Future Development Scenarios

Abstract

Pour faire face à la crise mondiale actuelle de la biodiversité, les gouvernements ont fixé des objectifs stratégiques et adopté des indicateurs pour suivre les progrès vers leur réalisation. La projection des impacts probables sur la biodiversité de différentes décisions politiques permet aux décideurs de comprendre si et comment ces objectifs peuvent être atteints. Nous avons projeté les tendances de deux indicateurs largement utilisés de l'abondance de la population : l'abondance moyenne géométrique, équivalente à l'indice de la planète vivante et le risque d'extinction (l'indice de la liste rouge) dans différents scénarios de changement climatique et d'utilisation des terres. En les testant sur des espèces terrestres de carnivores et d'ongulés, nous avons constaté que les deux indicateurs diminuent régulièrement et que, d'ici 2050, dans un scénario de statu quo, l'abondance moyenne géométrique des populations diminue de 18 à 35 %, tandis que le risque d'extinction augmente pour 8 à 23 % des espèces, en fonction des hypothèses sur les réponses des espèces au changement climatique. BAU ne parviendra donc pas à atteindre l'objectif 12 de la Convention sur la diversité biologique consistant à améliorer l'état de conservation des espèces menacées connues. Un scénario de développement durable alternatif réduit à la fois le risque d'extinction et les pertes de population par rapport au BAU et pourrait entraîner une augmentation de la population. Notre approche des réponses des espèces modèles aux changements mondiaux met l'accent sur les scénarios directement au niveau des espèces, prenant ainsi en compte une dimension supplémentaire de la biodiversité et ouvrant la voie à l'inclusion de fondations écologiques plus solides dans les futures évaluations des scénarios de biodiversité.

Para abordar la actual crisis mundial de biodiversidad, los gobiernos han establecido objetivos estratégicos y han adoptado indicadores para monitorear el progreso hacia su logro. La proyección de los posibles impactos en la biodiversidad de las diferentes decisiones políticas permite a los responsables de la toma de decisiones comprender si se pueden cumplir estos objetivos y cómo. Proyectamos tendencias en dos indicadores ampliamente utilizados de abundancia poblacional, la Abundancia Media Geométrica, equivalente al Índice de Planeta Vivo y el riesgo de extinción (el Índice de la Lista Roja) bajo diferentes escenarios de cambio climático y de uso de la tierra. Probando estos en especies de carnívoros y ungulados terrestres, encontramos que ambos indicadores disminuyen constantemente y, para 2050, en un escenario de negocios como de costumbre (BAU), la abundancia de la población media geométrica disminuye en un 18–35%, mientras que el riesgo de extinción aumenta para el 8–23% de las especies, dependiendo de los supuestos sobre las respuestas de las especies al cambio climático. Por lo tanto, BAU no cumplirá con la meta 12 del Convenio sobre la Diversidad Biológica de mejorar el estado de conservación de las especies amenazadas conocidas. Un escenario alternativo de desarrollo sostenible reduce tanto el riesgo de extinción como las pérdidas de población en comparación con BAU y podría conducir a un aumento de la población. Nuestro enfoque para modelar las respuestas de las especies a los cambios globales lleva el enfoque de los escenarios directamente al nivel de las especies, teniendo en cuenta así una dimensión adicional de la biodiversidad y allanando el camino para incluir fundamentos ecológicos más sólidos en futuras evaluaciones de escenarios de biodiversidad.

To address the ongoing global biodiversity crisis, governments have set strategic objectives and have adopted indicators to monitor progress toward their achievement. Projecting the likely impacts on biodiversity of different policy decisions allows decision makers to understand if and how these targets can be met. We projected trends in two widely used indicators of population abundance Geometric Mean Abundance, equivalent to the Living Planet Index and extinction risk (the Red List Index) under different climate and land-use change scenarios. Testing these on terrestrial carnivore and ungulate species, we found that both indicators decline steadily, and by 2050, under a Business-as-usual (BAU) scenario, geometric mean population abundance declines by 18–35% while extinction risk increases for 8–23% of the species, depending on assumptions about species responses to climate change. BAU will therefore fail Convention on Biological Diversity target 12 of improving the conservation status of known threatened species. An alternative sustainable development scenario reduces both extinction risk and population losses compared with BAU and could lead to population increases. Our approach to model species responses to global changes brings the focus of scenarios directly to the species level, thus taking into account an additional dimension of biodiversity and paving the way for including stronger ecological foundations into future biodiversity scenario assessments.

ولمعالجة أزمة التنوع البيولوجي العالمية المستمرة، وضعت الحكومات أهدافاً استراتيجية واعتمدت مؤشرات لرصد التقدم المحرز نحو تحقيقها. إن توقع التأثيرات المحتملة على التنوع البيولوجي لقرارات السياسة المختلفة يسمح لصانعي القرار بفهم ما إذا كان يمكن تحقيق هذه الأهداف وكيفية تحقيقها. توقعنا اتجاهات في مؤشرين يستخدمان على نطاق واسع لوفرة السكان متوسط الوفرة الهندسية، أي ما يعادل مؤشر الكوكب الحي ومخاطر الانقراض (مؤشر القائمة الحمراء) في ظل سيناريوهات مختلفة لتغير المناخ واستخدام الأراضي. عند اختبارها على الأنواع آكلة اللحوم البرية وذوات الحوافر، وجدنا أن كلا المؤشرين ينخفضان بشكل مطرد، وبحلول عام 2050، في ظل سيناريو العمل كالمعتاد (BAU)، ينخفض متوسط وفرة السكان الهندسي بنسبة 18-35 ٪ بينما تزداد مخاطر الانقراض لـ 8-23 ٪ من الأنواع، اعتمادًا على الافتراضات حول استجابات الأنواع لتغير المناخ. وبالتالي، ستفشل جامعة البلقاء التطبيقية في تحقيق الهدف 12 من اتفاقية التنوع البيولوجي المتمثل في تحسين حالة حفظ الأنواع المعروفة المهددة بالانقراض. يقلل سيناريو التنمية المستدامة البديلة من خطر الانقراض والخسائر السكانية مقارنةً بوحدات العمل الاعتيادية ويمكن أن يؤدي إلى زيادة عدد السكان. إن نهجنا في استجابات الأنواع النموذجية للتغيرات العالمية يجلب تركيز السيناريوهات مباشرة إلى مستوى الأنواع، وبالتالي يأخذ في الاعتبار بُعدًا إضافيًا للتنوع البيولوجي ويمهد الطريق لإدراج أسس بيئية أقوى في تقييمات سيناريوهات التنوع البيولوجي المستقبلية.

Countries
United Kingdom, Netherlands, Finland, Australia, Italy, Australia, Australia, Italy
Keywords

Wildlife Ecology and Conservation Biology, Economics, Biodiversity scenarios, Extinction risk, Population Dynamics, Geometric Mean Abundance, Abundance (ecology), Ungulates, DISTRIBUTION MODELS, 1105 Ecology, land-use change, Natural resource economics, Sociology, SDG 13 - Climate Action, Global biodiversity, Climate change, ungulates, Environmental resource management, INDEX, SDG 15 - Life on Land, CLIMATE-CHANGE, Species Distribution Modeling and Climate Change Impacts, Ecology, Geography, Ecological Modeling, Biodiversity, Threatened species, FOS: Sociology, Habitat, climate change, Carnivores, MAMMALS, biodiversity indicators, Physical Sciences, Biodiversity scenarios; biodiversity indicators; carnivores; climate change; extinction risk; land-use change; Geometric Mean Abundance; Red List Index; ungulates, Medicine, Ecosystem Change, 570, carnivores, Evolution, Population, Land-use change, extinction risk, Emerging Zoonotic Diseases and One Health Approach, biodiversity indicators; carnivores; climate change; extinction risk; land-use change; Geometric Mean Abundance; Red List Index; ungulates, 333, Environmental science, 2309 Nature and Landscape Conservation, Behavior and Systematics, Health Sciences, DISTRIBUTIONS, Convention on Biological Diversity, Red List Index, Biology, Nature and Landscape Conservation, Demography, Biodiversity indicators, Habitat Suitability, Global Biodiversity Loss, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Paleontology, Extinction (optical mineralogy), Habitat Selection, Ecology, evolutionary biology, FOS: Biological sciences, Environmental Science, 2303 Ecology

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citations
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
216
Top 1%
Top 10%
Top 1%
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gold