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Environmental drivers interactively affect individual tree growth across temperate European forests

Authors: Kris Verheyen; Sybryn L. Maes; Thilo Heinken; Jan den Ouden; Jan Van den Bulcke; Steffi Heinrichs; Monika Wulf; +13 Authors

Environmental drivers interactively affect individual tree growth across temperate European forests

Abstract

AbstractForecasting the growth of tree species to future environmental changes requires a better understanding of its determinants. Tree growth is known to respond to global‐change drivers such as climate change or atmospheric deposition, as well as to local land‐use drivers such as forest management. Yet, large geographical scale studies examining interactive growth responses to multiple global‐change drivers are relatively scarce and rarely consider management effects. Here, we assessed the interactive effects of three global‐change drivers (temperature, precipitation and nitrogen deposition) on individual tree growth of three study species (Quercus robur/petraea, Fagus sylvatica and Fraxinus excelsior). We sampled trees along spatial environmental gradients across Europe and accounted for the effects of management forQuercus. We collected increment cores from 267 trees distributed over 151 plots in 19 forest regions and characterized their neighbouring environment to take into account potentially confounding factors such as tree size, competition, soil conditions and elevation. We demonstrate that growth responds interactively to global‐change drivers, with species‐specific sensitivities to the combined factors. Simultaneously high levels of precipitation and deposition benefitedFraxinus,but negatively affectedQuercus’growth, highlighting species‐specific interactive tree growth responses to combined drivers. ForFagus,a stronger growth response to higher temperatures was found when precipitation was also higher, illustrating the potential negative effects of drought stress under warming for this species. Furthermore, we show that past forest management can modulate the effects of changing temperatures onQuercus’growth; individuals in plots with a coppicing history showed stronger growth responses to higher temperatures. Overall, our findings highlight how tree growth can be interactively determined by global‐change drivers, and how these growth responses might be modulated by past forest management. By showing future growth changes for scenarios of environmental change, we stress the importance of considering multiple drivers, including past management and their interactions, when predicting tree growth.

Countries
Germany, Czech Republic, Czech Republic, Netherlands, Germany
Keywords

Climate Change, past landuse, Forests, Trees, Quercus, /dk/atira/pure/subjectarea/asjc/2300/2303; name=Ecology, basal area increment, Fagus, ddc:580, /dk/atira/pure/sustainabledevelopmentgoals/climate_action; name=SDG 13 - Climate Action, Institut für Biochemie und Biologie, global change, historical ecology, /dk/atira/pure/subjectarea/asjc/2300; name=Environmental Science(all), /dk/atira/pure/subjectarea/asjc/2300/2306; name=Global and Planetary Change, Temperature, /dk/atira/pure/sustainabledevelopmentgoals/life_on_land; name=SDG 15 - Life on Land, /dk/atira/pure/core/keywords/biology; name=Ecosystems Research, Nitrogen Cycle, /dk/atira/pure/subjectarea/asjc/2300/2304; name=Environmental Chemistry, Droughts, nitrogen deposition, Europe, climate change, Fraxinus, tree-ring analyse, tree-ring analysis

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