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Scale dependence of species–area relationships is widespread but generally weak in Palaearctic grasslands

Authors: Juha M. Alatalo; Jiri Dolezal; Jianshuang Wu; Behlül Güler; Alla Aleksanyan; Sándor Bartha; Remigiusz Pielech; +36 Authors

Scale dependence of species–area relationships is widespread but generally weak in Palaearctic grasslands

Abstract

AbstractQuestionsSpecies–area relationships (SARs) are fundamental for understanding biodiversity patterns and are generally well described by a power law with a constant exponent z. However, z‐values sometimes vary across spatial scales. We asked whether there is a general scale dependence of z‐values at fine spatial grains and which potential drivers influence it.LocationPalaearctic biogeographic realm.MethodsWe used 6,696 nested‐plot series of vascular plants, bryophytes and lichens from the GrassPlot database with two or more grain sizes, ranging from 0.0001 m² to 1,024 m² and covering diverse open habitats. The plots were recorded with two widespread sampling approaches (rooted presence = species “rooting” inside the plot; shoot presence = species with aerial parts inside). Using Generalized Additive Models, we tested for scale dependence of z‐values by evaluating if the z‐values differ with gran size and tested for differences between the sampling approaches. The response shapes of z‐values to grain were classified by fitting Generalized Linear Models with logit link to each series. We tested whether the grain size where the maximum z‐value occurred is driven by taxonomic group, biogeographic or ecological variables.ResultsFor rooted presence, we found a strong monotonous increase of z‐values with grain sizes for all grain sizes below 1 m². For shoot presence, the scale dependence was much weaker, with hump‐shaped curves prevailing. Among the environmental variables studied, latitude, vegetation type, naturalness and land use had strong effects, with z‐values of secondary peaking at smaller grain sizes.ConclusionsThe overall weak scale dependence of z‐values underlines that the power function generally is appropriate to describe SARs within the studied grain sizes in continuous open vegetation, if recorded with the shoot presence method. When clear peaks of z‐values occur, this can be seen as an expression of granularity of species composition, partly driven by abiotic environment.

Countries
France, Qatar, Hungary, Czech Republic, Qatar, Austria, Hungary, Austria, Czech Republic, Turkey, Turkey
Keywords

[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], power lawrooted presence, GrassPlot, DIVERSITY, BIOLOGY, species-area relationships, 333, BIOMASS, species-area relationship, vegetation, RICHNESS, FINE-SCALE, PLANTS, SDG 15 – Leben an Land, species–area relationship, SDG 15 - Life on Land, 580, hoot presence, power law, 106003 Biodiversity research, Grass, grasslands, CURVES, rooted presence, [SDE.BE] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], scale dependences, 106003 Biodiversitätsforschung, Palaearctic, Plot, scale dependence, z-value, QH540 Ecology / ökológia, EVOLUTIONARY, beta diversity, BIODIVERSITY, VEGETATION, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, grassland, Heterogeneity, shoot presence

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    impulse
    This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
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citations
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
10
Top 10%
Average
Top 10%
Green