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Eco-efficiency and agricultural innovation systems in developing countries: Evidence from macro-level analysis

الكفاءة البيئية وأنظمة الابتكار الزراعي في البلدان النامية: أدلة من التحليل على المستوى الكلي
Authors: Karin Nichterlein; Christian Grovermann; Christian Grovermann; Adrian Müller; Adrian Müller; Tesfamicheal Wossen;

Eco-efficiency and agricultural innovation systems in developing countries: Evidence from macro-level analysis

Abstract

La innovación agrícola es un componente esencial en la transición hacia sistemas agrícolas más sostenibles y resilientes en todo el mundo. Las innovaciones generalmente surgen de la inteligencia y la acción colectivas, pero los sistemas de innovación a menudo son poco conocidos. Este estudio explora las propiedades de los sistemas de innovación y su contribución al aumento de la ecoeficiencia en la agricultura. Utilizando datos agregados y métodos econométricos, se calculó la ecoeficiencia de 79 países y se examinó una serie de factores relacionados con la investigación, la extensión, los negocios y la política. A pesar de las limitaciones de los datos, el análisis produjo algunas ideas interesantes. Por ejemplo, el gasto público en investigación tiene un efecto positivo significativo para las economías emergentes, mientras que no se encontró ningún efecto estadísticamente significativo para la ayuda extranjera para la investigación. Sin embargo, la ayuda externa para la extensión es importante en las economías menos desarrolladas. Estos y otros resultados sugieren la importancia de las intervenciones específicas del contexto en lugar de un enfoque de "talla única". En general, el análisis ilustró el potencial de un enfoque de diagnóstico a nivel macro para evaluar el papel de los sistemas de innovación para la sostenibilidad en la agricultura.

L'innovation agricole est un élément essentiel de la transition vers des systèmes agricoles plus durables et résilients à travers le monde. Les innovations émergent généralement de l'intelligence et de l'action collectives, mais les systèmes d'innovation sont souvent mal compris. Cette étude explore les propriétés des systèmes d'innovation et leur contribution à l'augmentation de l'éco-efficacité dans l'agriculture. À l'aide de données agrégées et de méthodes économétriques, l'éco-efficacité de 79 pays a été calculée et une série de facteurs liés à la recherche, à la vulgarisation, aux entreprises et aux politiques a été examinée. Malgré les limites des données, l'analyse a produit des informations intéressantes. Par exemple, les dépenses publiques de recherche ont un effet positif significatif sur les économies émergentes, alors qu'aucun effet statistiquement significatif n'a été constaté pour l'aide étrangère à la recherche. Cependant, l'aide étrangère à la vulgarisation est importante dans les économies moins développées. Ces résultats et d'autres suggèrent l'importance d'interventions spécifiques au contexte plutôt que d'une approche « unique ». Dans l'ensemble, l'analyse a illustré le potentiel d'une approche diagnostique au niveau macro pour évaluer le rôle des systèmes d'innovation pour la durabilité dans l'agriculture.

Agricultural innovation is an essential component in the transition to more sustainable and resilient farming systems across the world. Innovations generally emerge from collective intelligence and action, but innovation systems are often poorly understood. This study explores the properties of innovation systems and their contribution to increased eco-efficiency in agriculture. Using aggregate data and econometric methods, the eco-efficiency of 79 countries was computed and a range of factors relating to research, extension, business and policy was examined. Despite data limitations, the analysis produced some interesting insights. For instance public research spending has a positive significant effect for emerging economies, while no statistically significant effect was found for foreign aid for research. However, foreign aid for extension is important in less developed economies. These and other results suggest the importance of context-specific interventions rather than a "one size fits all" approach. Overall, the analysis illustrated the potential of a macro-level diagnostic approach for assessing the role of innovation systems for sustainability in agriculture.

يعد الابتكار الزراعي مكونًا أساسيًا في الانتقال إلى أنظمة زراعية أكثر استدامة ومرونة في جميع أنحاء العالم. تنشأ الابتكارات عمومًا من الذكاء والعمل الجماعي، ولكن غالبًا ما تكون أنظمة الابتكار غير مفهومة جيدًا. تستكشف هذه الدراسة خصائص أنظمة الابتكار ومساهمتها في زيادة الكفاءة البيئية في الزراعة. باستخدام البيانات المجمعة وأساليب الاقتصاد القياسي، تم حساب الكفاءة البيئية لـ 79 دولة وفحص مجموعة من العوامل المتعلقة بالبحث والإرشاد والأعمال والسياسة. على الرغم من محدودية البيانات، أنتج التحليل بعض الأفكار المثيرة للاهتمام. على سبيل المثال، يؤثر الإنفاق العام على الأبحاث تأثيرًا إيجابيًا كبيرًا على الاقتصادات الناشئة، في حين لم يتم العثور على أي تأثير ذي دلالة إحصائية للمساعدات الخارجية للأبحاث. ومع ذلك، فإن المساعدات الخارجية للإرشاد مهمة في الاقتصادات الأقل نمواً. تشير هذه النتائج وغيرها إلى أهمية التدخلات الخاصة بالسياق بدلاً من نهج "مقاس واحد يناسب الجميع". بشكل عام، أوضح التحليل إمكانات النهج التشخيصي على المستوى الكلي لتقييم دور أنظمة الابتكار للاستدامة في الزراعة.

Countries
Switzerland, France, France
Keywords

Developing country, Economics, Agricultural Innovation and Livelihood Diversification, Macroeconomics, Efficiency, livelihoods, fao, Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Context (archaeology), Public economics, Business, Research methodology and philosophy, Industrial organization, Ecology, Q, R, Sustainable agriculture, Life Sciences, Agriculture, Programming language, Policy, governance, Sustainability, Physical Sciences, Medicine, Economic Development, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Research Article, Conservation of Natural Resources, Farms, Environmental economics, Science, Emerging markets, Economic system, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, Evaluation of Environmental Impact in Agriculture, Ecological Economics, Humans, Environmental Chemistry, Recycling, balancing and resource management, Macro, resilience, Developing Countries, Biology, Economic growth, high yielding varieties, Paleontology, crops, Measurement and Evaluation of Sustainable Development, Computer science, FOS: Biological sciences, Environmental Science

  • BIP!
    Impact byBIP!
    citations
    This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
    37
    popularity
    This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
    Top 10%
    influence
    This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
    Top 10%
    impulse
    This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
    Top 10%
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citations
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
37
Top 10%
Top 10%
Top 10%
Green
gold