Abstract Scenarios based on contrasting storylines can be used as a tool to explore the different ways in which the future may develop and their impacts on the sustainability of European forestry. These scenarios are neither predictions nor forecasts, but are used to create a consistent image of a future, and to help decision makers and other actors in making well informed choices. Each storyline assumes a distinctly different direction for future developments. Here we discuss characteristics of scenario studies forest large scale forest resources in general and focus on a few recent trends and their long term impact on European forests, as e.g. nature oriented management, carbon credits, and extra demand for bioenergy.