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Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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Вестник МИРБИС
Article . 2023
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Sustainable transport and mobility in large cities: challenges and achievements

Устойчивый транспорт и мобильность в крупных российских городах: вызовы и достижения

Sustainable transport and mobility in large cities: challenges and achievements

Abstract

В статье на материалах комплексного социологического исследования авторы проанализировали основные проблемы и достижения в сфере устойчивых транспортных систем и мобильности в крупных российских городах на примере г. Москва и г. Казань. Авторы понимают под устойчивым транспортом такое состояние транспортной системы, которое обеспечивает выполнение социально и экономически оправданного объема перевозок, не нанося ущерба здоровью человека и окружающей среде, а также, не нарушая права нынешних и будущих поколений [Бакирей 2014]. К основным принципам устойчивого развития транспорта относят сокращение выбросов CО2, снижение загрязнения атмосферного воздуха, а также создание социально равноправной транспортной системы и повышение экономического потенциала городов. Результаты исследования показали, что к основным городским инициативам властей в области развития устойчивого транспорта и мобильности относится стремительное развитие общественного транспорта, каршеринга, веломаршрутов, системы скоростных трамваев. Вместе с тем существует ряд нерешенных проблем, которые усугубляются постоянным ростом количества личного автотранспорта. К ним относятся использование жителями преимущественно личного автотранспорта, несовершенства системы общественного транспорта, серьезная нагрузка на окружающую среду ввиду использования транспорта с бензинными и дизельными двигателями, низкий уровень развития альтернативных видов транспорта, неудобство и небезопасность вело- и пеших маршрутов. Основными стратегиями повышения экологичности передвижения может стать перевод общественного транспорта на альтернативные источники энергии, развитие личного и общественного электротранспорта, строительство в центре городов перехватывающих и платных парковок, применение тарифной политики, стимулирующей пользование общественным транспортом горожанами. In the article, based on the materials of a comprehensive sociological study, the authors analyzed the main problems and achievements in the field of sustainable transport systems and mobility in large Russian cities using the example of Moscow and Kazan. The authors understand sustainable transport as such a state of the transport system that ensures the implementation of a socially and economically justified volume of traffic without harming human health and the environment, and without violating the rights of current and future generations. The main principles of sustainable transport development include reducing CO2 emissions, reducing air pollution, as well as creating a socially equitable transport system and increasing the economic potential of cities. The results of the study showed that the main city government initiatives in the field of sustainable transport and mobility development include the rapid development of public transport, car sharing, bicycle routes, and light rail systems. At the same time, there are a number of unresolved problems, which are exacerbated by the constant increase in the number of personal vehicles. These include the use of predominantly personal vehicles by residents, the imperfection of the public transport system, a serious burden on the environment due to the use of vehicles with gasoline and diesel engines, the low level of development of alternative modes of transport, the inconvenience and unsafety of cycling and walking routes. The main strategies for improving the environmental friendliness of movement can be the transfer of public transport to alternative energy sources, the development of personal and public electric transport, the construction of intercepting and paid parking in the center of cities, the application of a tariff policy that stimulates the use of public transport by citizens.

Keywords

sustainable transport, sustainable development, устойчивый транспорт, sustainable mobility, sustainable city, устойчивое развитие, энергоэффективность, устойчивый город, устойчивая мобильность, energy efficiency

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citations
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average