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Development of an Adequate Formation Protocol for a Non-Aqueous Potassium-Ion Hybrid Supercapacitor (KIC) through the Study of the Cell Swelling Phenomenon

Development of an Adequate Formation Protocol for a Non-Aqueous Potassium-Ion Hybrid Supercapacitor (KIC) through the Study of the Cell Swelling Phenomenon
Hybrid supercapacitors have been developed in the pursuit of increasing the energy density of conventional supercapacitors without affecting the power density or the lifespan. Potassium-ion hybrid supercapacitors (KIC) consist of an activated carbon capacitor-type positive electrode and a graphitic battery-type negative one working in an electrolyte based on potassium salt. Overcoming the inherent potassium problems (irreversible capacity, extensive volume expansion, dendrites formation), the non-reproducibility of the results was a major obstacle to the development of this KIC technology. To remedy this, the development of an adequate formation protocol was necessary. However, this revealed a cell-swelling phenomenon, a well-known issue whether for supercapacitors or Li-ion batteries. This phenomenon in the case of the KIC technology has been investigated through constant voltage (CV) tests and volume measurements. The responsible phenomena seem to be the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) formation at the negative electrode during the first use of the system and the perpetual decomposition of the electrolyte solvent at high voltage. Thanks to these results, a proper formation protocol for KICs, which offers good energy density (14 Wh·kgelectrochemical core−1) with an excellent stability at fast charging rate, was developed.
- CEA LETI France
- Atomic Energy and Alternative Energies Commission France
- Université Savoie Mont Blanc France
[CHIM.MATE] Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, TK1001-1841, [SPI.NRJ]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electric power, formation protocol, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, 540, 620, non-aqueous potassium-ion hybrid supercapacitor; formation protocol; swelling; electrochemical stability window; gas production, TP250-261, swelling, Production of electric energy or power. Powerplants. Central stations, Industrial electrochemistry, electrochemical stability window, non-aqueous potassium-ion hybrid supercapacitor, gas production, [SPI.NRJ] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electric power
[CHIM.MATE] Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, TK1001-1841, [SPI.NRJ]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electric power, formation protocol, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, 540, 620, non-aqueous potassium-ion hybrid supercapacitor; formation protocol; swelling; electrochemical stability window; gas production, TP250-261, swelling, Production of electric energy or power. Powerplants. Central stations, Industrial electrochemistry, electrochemical stability window, non-aqueous potassium-ion hybrid supercapacitor, gas production, [SPI.NRJ] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electric power
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