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Energies
Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
License: CC BY
Data sources: Crossref
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Energies
Article . 2023
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Solvothermal Liquefaction of Blackcurrant Pomace in the Water-Monohydroxy Alcohol Solvent System

Authors: Mariusz Wądrzyk; Łukasz Korzeniowski; Marek Plata; Rafał Janus; Marek Lewandowski; Grzegorz Borówka; Przemysław Maziarka;

Solvothermal Liquefaction of Blackcurrant Pomace in the Water-Monohydroxy Alcohol Solvent System

Abstract

Wet organic wastes are especially troublesome in valorization. Therefore, innovative solutions are still in demand to make valorization feasible. In this study, we tested a new transformation route of a blackcurrant pomace as a high-moisture industrial waste through a series of high-temperature and pressure solvothermal liquefaction experiments. The feedstock was directly converted under near-critical conditions of the binary solvent system (water/2-propanol). The goal was to examine the effect of conversion parameters (temperature, biomass-to-solvent ratio) on the change in the yield of resultant bioproducts, as well as the quality thereof. The experiments were conducted in a batch autoclave at a temperature between 250 and 300 °C. The main product of the transformation was liquid biocrude, which was obtained with the highest yield (ca. 52 wt.%) at 275 °C. The quality of biocrude was examined by ATR-FTIR, GC-MS, and elemental analysis. The ultimate biocrude was a viscous heterogeneous mixture containing various groups of components and exhibiting evident energy densification (ca. 145–153%) compared to the value of the feedstock. The proposed processing method is suitable for further development toward efficient valorization technology. More specifically, the co-solvent additive for liquefaction is beneficial not only for the enhancement of the yield of the desired product, i.e., biocrude, but also in terms of technological aspects (reduction of operational pressure and temperature).

Keywords

Technology, liquefaction, blackcurrant pomace, T, thermochemical conversion, biocrude, binary solvent system, waste valorization, biochar, bioproducts

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    9
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    This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
    Average
    influence
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citations
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
9
Average
Average
Top 10%
gold