We selected the Chinese A-share listed companies during period of 2007 to 2017 as the research subject, and from the perspective of information and reputation effects, we examined the relationship between corporate social responsibility (CSR) information disclosure and innovation sustainability. The results show that CSR information disclosure has a significant positive relationship with innovation sustainability. Analysis of the effects channel suggests that the information effect plays a dominant role; CSR information disclosure can alleviate the information asymmetry between managers and investors, controlling shareholders and minority shareholders, and alleviate the financing constraint problems, thereby improving innovation sustainability. Our findings support the information hypothesis but not the reputation hypothesis. The relationship between CSR information disclosure and innovation sustainability is more significant in non-state-owned companies. The moderating effect shows that managerial stock incentives can strengthen the positive relationship between CSR information disclosure and innovation sustainability. A series of robustness test results show that the conclusions are reliable. The research is important for promoting the fulfillment of CSR, improving corporate innovation, and promoting the healthy development of the capital market.