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Delamination-and Electromigration-Related Failures in Solar Panels—A Review

doi: 10.3390/su13126882
The reliability of photovoltaic (PV) modules operating under various weather conditions attracts the manufacturer’s concern since several studies reveal a degradation rate higher than 0.8% per year for the silicon-based technology and reached up to 2.76% per year in a harsh climate. The lifetime of the PV modules is decreased because of numerous degradation modes. Electromigration and delamination are two failure modes that play a significant role in PV modules’ output power losses. The correlations of these two phenomena are not sufficiently explained and understood like other failures such as corrosion and potential-induced degradation. Therefore, in this review, we attempt to elaborate on the correlation and the influence of delamination and electromigration on PV module components such as metallization and organic materials to ensure the reliability of the PV modules. Moreover, the effects, causes, and the sites that tend to face these failures, particularly the silicon solar cells, are explained in detail. Elsewhere, the factors of aging vary as the temperature and humidity change from one country to another. Hence, accelerated tests and the standards used to perform the aging test for PV modules have been covered in this review.
- Universiti Malaysia Terengganu Malaysia
- Edith Cowan University Australia
- University of Malaya Malaysia
- Universiti Tenaga Nasional Malaysia
- Edith Cowan University Australia
accelerated test, Void and hillocks, TJ807-830, TD194-195, Metallization, metallization, delamination, Renewable energy sources, electromigration, Encapsulant, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, GE1-350, encapsulant, Electromigration, Environmental effects of industries and plants, PID, Accelerated test, Environmental sciences, Delamination, Interconnect, Environmental Sciences
accelerated test, Void and hillocks, TJ807-830, TD194-195, Metallization, metallization, delamination, Renewable energy sources, electromigration, Encapsulant, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, GE1-350, encapsulant, Electromigration, Environmental effects of industries and plants, PID, Accelerated test, Environmental sciences, Delamination, Interconnect, Environmental Sciences
citations This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).26 popularity This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.Top 10% influence This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).Top 10% impulse This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.Top 10%
