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Augmented Reality and GPS-Based Resource Efficient Navigation System for Outdoor Environments: Integrating Device Camera, Sensors, and Storage

doi: 10.3390/su141912720
Contemporary navigation systems rely upon localisation accuracy and humongous spatial data for navigational assistance. Such spatial-data sources may have access restrictions or quality issues and require massive storage space. Affordable high-performance mobile consumer hardware and smart software have resulted in the popularity of AR and VR technologies. These technologies can help to develop sustainable devices for navigation. This paper introduces a robust, memory-efficient, augmented-reality-based navigation system for outdoor environments using crowdsourced spatial data, a device camera, and mapping algorithms. The proposed system unifies the basic map information, points of interest, and individual GPS trajectories of moving entities to generate and render the mapping information. This system can perform map localisation, pathfinding, and visualisation using a low-power mobile device. A case study was undertaken to evaluate the proposed system. It was observed that the proposed system resulted in a 29 percent decrease in CPU load and a 35 percent drop in memory requirements. As spatial information was stored as comma-separated values, it required almost negligible storage space compared to traditional spatial databases. The proposed navigation system attained a maximum accuracy of 99 percent with a root mean square error value of 0.113 and a minimum accuracy of 96 percent with a corresponding root mean square value of 0.17.
- Chitkara University India
- Sejong University Korea (Republic of)
- Wilfrid Laurier University Canada
- Sejong University Korea (Republic of)
- Universidad de Ingeniería y Tecnología Peru
location awareness, Environmental effects of industries and plants, sustainable urban innovation, prospective memory, TJ807-830, TD194-195, Renewable energy sources, Environmental sciences, vision services, GE1-350, location awareness; prospective memory; embedded navigational intelligence; vision services; sustainable urban innovation, embedded navigational intelligence
location awareness, Environmental effects of industries and plants, sustainable urban innovation, prospective memory, TJ807-830, TD194-195, Renewable energy sources, Environmental sciences, vision services, GE1-350, location awareness; prospective memory; embedded navigational intelligence; vision services; sustainable urban innovation, embedded navigational intelligence
citations This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).9 popularity This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.Top 10% influence This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).Average impulse This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.Top 10%
