Cavitation is a physical process that produces complex effects on the machines and components working in conditions where it acts. One effect is the materials-mass loss by corrosion–erosion when components are introduced into fluids under cavitation. The analysis of the damages produced by cavitation is generally performed by using different destructive and non-destructive experimental techniques. Most studies on materials’ behavior in cavitation refer to the erosion–corrosion mechanism, and very few investigate the fissure propagation by fractal methods. None have investigated the fractal characteristics of the sample surface after erosion–corrosion or the multifractal characteristics of materials’ mass variation in time in a cavitation field. Therefore, this research proposes a computational approach to determine the pattern of materials’ damages produced by ultrasound cavitation. The studied material is a brass, introduced in seawater. Fractal and multifractal techniques are applied to the series of the absolute mass loss per surface and the sample’s micrography after corrosion. Such an approach has not been utilized for such a material in similar experimental conditions. This study emphasizes that the box dimension of the series of the absolute mass loss per surface is close to one, and its behaviour is close to a non-/monofractal. It is demonstrated that the material’s surface corrosion is not uniform, and its multifractal character is highlighted by the f(α)− spectrum and the multifractal dimensions, which have the following values: the capacity dimension = 1.5969, the information dimension = 1.49836, and the correlation dimension = 1.4670.