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The Water Footprint of Food Aid

doi: 10.3390/su7066435
Food aid is a critical component of the global food system, particularly when emergency situations arise. For the first time, we evaluate the water footprint of food aid. To do this, we draw on food aid data from theWorld Food Programme and virtual water content estimates from WaterStat. We find that the total water footprint of food aid was 10 km3 in 2005, which represents approximately 0.5% of the water footprint of food trade and 2.0% of the water footprint of land grabbing (i.e., water appropriation associated with large agricultural land deals). The United States is by far the largest food aid donor and contributes 82% of the water footprint of food aid. The countries that receive the most water embodied in aid are Ethiopia, Sudan, North Korea, Bangladesh and Afghanistan. Notably, we find that there is significant overlap between countries that receive food aid and those that have their land grabbed. Multivariate regression results indicate that donor water footprints are driven by political and environmental variables, whereas recipient water footprints are driven by land grabbing and food indicators.
- University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign United States
- University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign United States
- University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign United States
- University of Twente Netherlands
TJ807-830, TD194-195, Renewable energy sources, IR-100849, water savings, ood aid, GE1-350, METIS-310681, Environmental effects of industries and plants, ood aid; water footprint; virtual water; water savings; water grabbing, Environmental sciences, water footprint, virtual water, water grabbing, jel: jel:Q, jel: jel:Q0, jel: jel:Q2, jel: jel:Q3, jel: jel:Q5, jel: jel:O13, jel: jel:Q56
TJ807-830, TD194-195, Renewable energy sources, IR-100849, water savings, ood aid, GE1-350, METIS-310681, Environmental effects of industries and plants, ood aid; water footprint; virtual water; water savings; water grabbing, Environmental sciences, water footprint, virtual water, water grabbing, jel: jel:Q, jel: jel:Q0, jel: jel:Q2, jel: jel:Q3, jel: jel:Q5, jel: jel:O13, jel: jel:Q56
citations This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).21 popularity This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.Top 10% influence This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).Top 10% impulse This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.Top 10%
