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Evolution of Surface Hydrology in the Sahelo-Sudanian Strip: An Updated Review

doi: 10.3390/w10060748
handle: 10576/6774
In the West African Sahel, two paradoxical hydrological behaviors have occurred during the last five decades. The first paradox was observed during the 1968–1990s ‘Great Drought’ period, during which runoff significantly increased. The second paradox appeared during the subsequent period of rainfall recovery (i.e., since the 1990s), during which the runoff coefficient continued to increase despite the general re-greening of the Sahel. This paper reviews and synthesizes the literature on the drivers of these paradoxical behaviors, focusing on recent works in the West African Sahelo/Sudanian strip, and upscaling the hydrological processes through an analysis of recent data from two representative areas of this region. This paper helps better determine the respective roles played by Land Use/Land Cover Changes (LULCC), the evolution of rainfall intensity and the occurrence of extreme rainfall events in these hydrological paradoxes. Both the literature review and recent data converge in indicating that the first Sahelian hydrological paradox was mostly driven by LULCC, while the second paradox has been caused by both LULCC and climate evolution, mainly the recent increase in rainfall intensity.
550, water holding capacity, Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, land use, Hydraulic engineering, land cover changes, land use/land cover changes, [SDE.MCG] Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, climate change, Sahel, [SDU.STU.HY] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology, re-greening, [SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, TC1-978, TD201-500, hydrological paradox
550, water holding capacity, Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, land use, Hydraulic engineering, land cover changes, land use/land cover changes, [SDE.MCG] Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, climate change, Sahel, [SDU.STU.HY] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology, re-greening, [SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, TC1-978, TD201-500, hydrological paradox
citations This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).89 popularity This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.Top 1% influence This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).Top 10% impulse This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.Top 1%
