The article deals with the study of a balanced agroecosystem on the production of crop products, livestock products and biofuel with respect to its energy autonomy with ensuring its environmental safety. The structure of straw use in agroecosystem and its influence on humus balance and level of electric and thermal energy supply is investigated. The balance of humus in crop rotation was chosen as the criterion of ecological safety. The criterion of energy autonomy is the level of providing the agroecosystem with electric energy and thermal energy through the use of biofuels of its own production. The coordination of environmental safety, energy autonomy and economic efficiency was taken as the basis for the functioning of the agroecosystem. In a balanced agroecosystem on the production of crop products, livestock products and biofuel up to 41% of straw should be used to maintain the balance of humus in the soil. Up to 22% of straw can be used to produce heat and electricity for own needs. Up to 37% of straw can be used to produce electricity for sale according to the green tariff.