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Québecor et les écologistes : polémique, polarisation et pistes de dépolarisation

Authors: Joundi, Marouane;

Québecor et les écologistes : polémique, polarisation et pistes de dépolarisation

Abstract

L’urgence climatique est souvent désignée comme un « méchant » problème public (wicked problem) à cause de sa grande complexité. La polarisation du débat public rajoute à cette complexité et pose un défi à la communication climatique. Dans ce mémoire, je m'inspire de la littérature francophone sur le débat public et de la littérature anglophone sur la polarisation politique pour étudier les moteurs discursifs de la polarisation du débat public et explorer le rôle des médias d’opinion dans ce processus. À partir du cas du Québec, j’analyse la réception des mobilisations pro-climat par les commentateurs médiatiques suite à la publication Rapport du GIEC de 2018 et des mobilisations mondiales qui l’ont suivie. J’étudie les opinions diffusées sur une période de 18 mois dans les médias de Québecor, premier groupe médiatique au Québec. À travers une méthodologie mixte combinant analyse quantitative, qualitative, argumentative et rhétorique d’un corpus varié (chroniques, émissions TV, entrevues radiophoniques avec des activistes), je montre que les opinions diffusées sont principalement en désaccord avec les mobilisations : non seulement les messages, idées et revendications sont critiqués mais les sources de ces messages sont elles-mêmes ciblées ainsi que le « camp » plus large auquel elles sont associées. Le recours important au registre polémique donne aux désaccords polémiques un potentiel polarisant qui pourrait avoir des implications pour le soutien populaire aux mobilisations et à l’action climatique plus en général. Cependant, l’observation de terrains d’entente, de nuances et de rhétoriques positives permettent de relativiser ce portrait : ces « surprises empiriques » aident à tracer des pistes de dépolarisation du débat face au problème urgent des changements climatiques.

The climate emergency is often referred to as a “wicked” public problem because of its great complexity. Public debate polarization adds to this complexity and challenges climate communication. In this thesis, I draw from francophone literature on public debate and anglophone literature on political polarization to study the discursive drivers of public debate polarization and to explore the role played by opinion media in this process. Using the case of Québec, I analyze the reception of pro-climate activism by media commentators following the publication of the 2018 IPCC Report and the world-wide mobilizations that it triggered. I study the opinions disseminated over an 18-month period in the main media of Québecor, the leading media group in Quebec. Through a mixed-method approach combining quantitative and qualitative analyses of arguments and rhetoric applied to a diverse corpus (columns, TV shows, radio interviews with activists), I show that the opinions broadcasted are mainly in disagreement with the mobilizations: not only are the messages, ideas and claims criticized, but the message sources are also targeted as well as the broader “camp” they are associated to. The substantial use of a “polemic register” gives polemic disagreements a polarizing potential that could have implications for popular support to mobilizations and climate action more generally. However, observing common ground, nuances and positive rhetoric helps to put this picture into perspective: these “empirical surprises” help to chart ways to depolarize public debate in the face of the pressing issue of climate change.

Country
Canada
Related Organizations
Keywords

Media, Public Debate, Débat public, Polémique, Climate Change, Changements climatiques, Quebec, Québecor, Polarization, Polemic, Mobilisations, Activism, Polarisation

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citations
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
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