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Genesis or Evolution of Gender Differences? Worldview-based Dilemmas in The Processing of Scientific Information

Authors: Lewandowsky, Stephan; Woike, Jan; Oberauer, Klaus;

Genesis or Evolution of Gender Differences? Worldview-based Dilemmas in The Processing of Scientific Information

Abstract

Some issues that have been settled by the scientific community, such as evolution, the effectiveness of vaccinations, and the role of CO2 emissions in climate change, continue to be rejected by segments of the public. This rejection is typically driven by people's worldviews, and to date most research has found that conservatives are uniformly more likely to reject scientific findings than liberals across a number of domains. We report a large (N>1,000) preregistered study that addresses two questions: First, can we find science denial on the left?Endorsement of pseudoscientific complementary and alternative medicines (CAM) has been anecdotally cited as being more consonant with liberals than conservatives. Against this claim, we found more support for CAM among conservatives than liberals. Second, we asked how liberals and conservatives resolve dilemmas in which an issue triggers two opposing facets of their worldviews. We probed attitudes on gender equality and the evolution of sex differences---two constructs that may create conflicts for liberals (who endorse evolution but also equality) and conservatives (who endorse gender differences but are sceptical of evolution). We find that many conservatives reject both gender equality and evolution of sex differences, and instead embrace ``naturally occurring'' gender differences. Many liberals, by contrast, reject evolved gender differences, as well as naturally occurring gender differences, while nonetheless strongly endorsing evolution.

Countries
Switzerland, United Kingdom
Keywords

Consciousness. Cognition, /dk/atira/pure/core/keywords/tedcog, Judgment and Decision Making, 330, name=Memory, social cognition, Social and Behavioral Sciences, /dk/atira/pure/core/keywords/cognitive_science, Memory, Institute of Psychology, /dk/atira/pure/core/keywords/tedcog; name=TeDCog, PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Cognitive Psychology|Judgment and Decision Making, name=Cognitive Science, 3205 Experimental and Cognitive Psychology, 10093 Institute of Psychology, Cognitive Psychology, /dk/atira/pure/core/keywords/psyc_memory; name=Memory, emotion and cognition, Reasoning, TeDCog, Social cognition, bepress|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Psychology|Cognitive Psychology, Emotion and cognition, PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences, bepress|Social and Behavioral Sciences, PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Cognitive Psychology, Cognitive Science, /dk/atira/pure/core/keywords/cognitive_science; name=Cognitive Science, reasoning, name=TeDCog, 150 Psychology, Emotion and cognition; Social cognition; Reasoning, /dk/atira/pure/core/keywords/psyc_memory, BF309-499, Research Article

  • BIP!
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    citations
    This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
    23
    popularity
    This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
    Top 10%
    influence
    This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
    Average
    impulse
    This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
    Top 10%
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citations
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
23
Top 10%
Average
Top 10%
Green
gold