We present an approach to estimate sustainable straw energy potentials by means of a modelled net primary productivity (NPP) product validated against empirical data on the managed area and mean yields of the main crops in Germany. We used the Biosphere Energy Transfer Hydrology Model (BETHY/DLR) as a theoretical framework for estimating the NPP of agricultural areas in Germany. The BETHY/DLR was driven by remote sensing data from SPOT-VEGETATION, meteorological data from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecast (ECMWF) and additional static datasets such as land cover information (GLC2000), a soil map (ISRIC-WISE) and an elevation model (ETOP05). The output of the BETHY/DLR, i.e. the yearly accumulated NPP, was first converted into straw potentials through simple allocation rules (root-to-shoot and yield-to-straw ratios). Thereafter it was converted into energy potentials through species-specific lower heating values. The 2006 and 2007 results were compared with data from the literature. Using this method for estimating sustainable bioenergy potentials, we found good compatibility between the established approaches with only little overestimations (up to 12 %) and high correlations with the R2 of up to 0.78. Our analysis shows that the presented approach fills an important gap in estimating energy potentials from the modelled NPP. The estimated straw biomass energy potentials play an important role in the sustainable energy debate.