<p>The world is changing. The polar regions are critical component in the Earth system and influenced by on-going megatrends, such as globalization and demographical changes. The extensive use of Arctic natural resources will have effects on regional pollutant concentrations in the Arctic. We set up the ERA-PLANET Strand 4 project “iCUPE – integrative and Comprehensive Understanding on Polar Environments” to provide novel insights and observational data on global grand challenges with a polar focus. We deploy an integrated approach with in-situ observations, satellite remote sensing and multi-scale modeling to synthesize data from a suite of comprehensive long-term measurements, intensive campaigns, and satellites. This enabled us to deliver novel data and indicators descriptive of the polar environment. The iCUPE framework includes thematic state-of-the-art research and the provision of novel data in atmospheric pollution, local sources and transboundary transport, characterization of arctic surfaces and their changes, an assessment of the concentrations and impacts of heavy metals and persistent organic pollutants and their cycling, the quantification of emissions from natural resource extraction, and the validation and optimization of satellite Earth observation data streams. Here we summarize the project results and provide novel insights into continuation of the work. </p>