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Tree-Ring Dates for the Maximum Little Ice Age Advance of Kaskawulsh Glacier, St. Elias Mountains, Canada

doi: 10.14430/arctic359
Tree-Ring Dates for the Maximum Little Ice Age Advance of Kaskawulsh Glacier, St. Elias Mountains, Canada
A dendroglaciological study at Kaskawulsh Glacier provides the first calendar dating of a Little Ice Age glacier advance in the northeast St. Elias Mountains of Yukon Territory. Ring series from white spruce trees, Picea glauca (Moench) Voss, that had been sheared, tilted, and killed by deposition of till at the glacier's terminal moraine were cross-dated with a millennium-length ring-width chronology developed at a site near the south end of Kluane Lake, about 25 km north of the glacier forefield. Six cross-dated samples from two sites at Kaskawulsh Glacier suggest that the north lobe of the glacier reached its greatest Holocene extent in the mid-1750s. Additional limited data suggest that the east lobe may have reached its maximum extent somewhat earlier (ca. 1717). This chronology of Little Ice Age activity of Kaskawulsh Glacier is consistent with well-dated glacier chronologies from adjacent mountain ranges in coastal and interior Alaska. The results also demonstrate the potential to derive calendar dates from subfossil wood in the St. Elias Mountains that hitherto had been dated only with much lower precision, using radiocarbon techniques. RESUME. L'etude dendroglaciologique du glacier Kaskawulsh fournit la premiere datation de calendrier de l'avancee glaciaire du petit âge glaciaire, dans le nord-est des montagnes St. Elias, territoire du Yukon. Les series de cernes d'epinettes blanches, Picea glauca (Moench) Voss, qui avaient ete abattues, inclinees et tuees par le depot de till a la moraine terminale du glacier, ont ete contre-datees a l'aide d'une chronologie millenaire de largeur des cernes mise au point a un emplacement situe pres du cote sud du lac Kluane, a environ 25 km au nord du front du glacier. Six echantillons contre-dates provenant de deux emplacements du glacier Kaskawulsh suggerent que le lobe nord du glacier a atteint sa plus grande etendue holocene dans le milieu des annees 1750. Par ailleurs, certaines donnees supplementaires suggerent que le lobe est pourrait avoir atteint son etendue maximale un peu plus tot (vers 1717). Cette chronologie de l'activite du petit âge glaciaire du glacier Kaskawulsh coincide avec les chronologies bien datees des chaines de montagnes adjacentes, sur la cote et a l'interieur de l'Alaska. Les resultats demontrent aussi la possibilite d'etablir les dates de calendrier a partir de bois subfossile dans les montagnes St. Elias qui avait ete date avec beaucoup moins de precision jusqu'ici a l'aide de techniques de datation au carbone 14. Mots cles : glacier Kaskawulsh, montagnes St. Elias, petit âge glaciaire, dendrochronologie, lac Kluane
- Geological Survey of Canada Canada
- Simon Fraser University Canada
- University of Victoria Canada
- Western University Canada
- Geological Survey of Canada Canada
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