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Cherenkov EAS arrays in the Tunka astrophysical center: From Tunka-133 to the TAIGA gamma and cosmic ray hybrid detector

Authors: A. Pushnin; Aleksandr Gafarov; N. Ushakov; A. Garmash; Ch. Spiering; L. A. Kuzmichev; P. Kirilenko; +70 Authors

Cherenkov EAS arrays in the Tunka astrophysical center: From Tunka-133 to the TAIGA gamma and cosmic ray hybrid detector

Abstract

Abstract One of the most informative methods of cosmic ray studies is the detection of Cherenkov light from extensive air showers (EAS). The primary energy reconstruction is possible by using the Earth’s atmosphere as a huge calorimeter . The EAS Cherenkov light array Tunka-133, with ∼ 3 km 2 geometrical area, is taking data since 2009. Tunka-133 is located in the Tunka Astrophysical Center at ∼ 50 km west of Lake Baikal. This array allows us to perform a detailed study of the energy spectrum and the mass composition in the energy range from 6 ⋅ 1 0 15 eV to 1 0 18 eV . Most of the ongoing efforts are focused on the construction of the first stage of the detector TAIGA (Tunka Advanced Instrument for cosmic ray physics and Gamma Astronomy). The latter is designed for the study of gamma rays and charged cosmic rays in the energy range of 1 0 13 eV – 1 0 18 eV . The TAIGA prototype will consist of ∼ 100 wide angle timing Cherenkov stations (TAIGA-HiSCORE) and three IACTs deployed over an area of ∼ 1 km 2 . The installation of the array is planned to be finished in 2019 while the data-taking can start already during the commissioning phase. The joint reconstruction of energy, direction, and core position of the imaging and non-imaging detectors will allow us to increase the distance between the IACTs up to 800 m, therefore providing a low-cost, highly sensitive detector. The relatively low cost together with the high sensitivity for energies ≥ 30–50 TeV make this pioneering technique very attractive for exploring galactic PeVatrons and cosmic rays. In addition to the Cherenkov light detectors we intend to deploy surface and underground muon detectors over an area of 1 km 2 with a total area of about 1000 m 2 . The results of the first season of coincident operation of the first ∼ 4 m diameter IACT with an aperture of ∼ 10°with 30 stations of TAIGA-HiSCORE will be presented.

Countries
Germany, Italy
Keywords

Gamma-ray astronomy, showers: atmosphere, Cosmic rays; Gamma-ray astronomy; EAS Cherenkov light array; Energy spectrum; IACT, muon: detector, EAS Cherenkov light array, IACT, energy spectrum, sensitivity, Cherenkov counter, cosmic radiation, gamma ray, Energy spectrum, info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/530, Cosmic rays, activity report, detector: design

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    6
    popularity
    This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
    Top 10%
    influence
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    Average
    impulse
    This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
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citations
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
6
Top 10%
Average
Average
Green