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In the course of monitoring near the chemical weapons storage and destruction plant "Maradykovsky", more than 100 strains of Streptomyces were stated from the soil surfaces into the pure culture. In order to find the strains which are tolerant to chemical weapons degradation products, the response of natural isolates of actinomycetes to sodium pyrophosphate, methylphosphonic acid, and arsenic concentration gradient was studied. For each pollutant a special dose was set, which could stimulate and inhibit either the growth of actinomycetes at the stage of spores and at the stage of vegetative growth, or their metabolic activity consisting in production of antibiotics, or cellulose decomposition. Actinomycetes cultures were found, which are promising for creating microbial inoculants for remediation of soils impacted with arsenic and phosphorus xenobiotics.

The purpose of the present work was accessing the influence of benz[a]pyrene added into substrate on composition of polyarenes in plant and on growth and development of common barley (Hordeum vulgare) in in vitro conditions. We found that contamination of substrate with benz[a]pyrene (BP) decreased seed germination of Hordeum vulgare L. Larger BP doses produced the trend for a linear decrease in height and biomass of the aboveground part of Hordeum vulgare. The change of root biomass is not linear. Using the method of highly-efficient liquid chromatography, we identified 14 structures of polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Significant amounts of light polyarenes were found in the control plants. Concentration of polyarenes in the plants grown on polluted substrate varied depending on benz[a]pyrene doses. The pollutant in doses of 10–20 ng/g increased content of polyarenes in the plants. The dose of 30 ng/g started the mechanisms of polyarene decomposition and so concentration decreased. Higher doses disturbed the protection mechanisms of plants and so increased content of polyarenes in plants and decreased biomass. Light polyarenes preferably accumulated in aboveground plant part whereby heavy polyarenes – in roots.

The paper focuses on the current state of the Bishiney-Saladag Range glaciers in the Eastern Caucasus and dynamics of their areas change in comparison with the data of the last mid-century. For this investigation the field studies of glacial complexes in the summer seasons of 2016-2019, the information base of the USSR Catalog of Glaciers for 1975, as well as satellite images and remote sensing data have been used. We give an analysis of history of the glaciers study in the region, the glaciation dynamics and the distribution of the number of glaciers in rivers basins. The glaciation in this region, as in the other glacial basins of the Greater Caucasus, is shown to get smaller. During 1965-2019 the area of glaciers decreased by 4.47 km2 that is equal to 55.46. The number of glaciers have decreased by 10 (26.32 of the total) for the same period. The attention is drawn to the disintegration of the largest glaciers, the separation of smaller ones and their reducing in size. There are small glaciers and snowfields (stone glaciers) in the place of melted glaciers. Contraction of the glacial area of the Bishiney-Saladag Range may cause a decrease in the water balance of the Kara-Koisu and Samur rivers and influence the water supply of the population. В статье рассматривается современное состояние ледников Бишиней-Саладагского хребта на Восточном Кавказе и динамика их площадей по сравнению с данными середины прошлого столетия. Использованы экспедиционные методы полевого изучения гляциальных комплексов в летние сезоны 2016-2019 гг., информационная база Каталога ледников СССР 1975 года, космические снимки и данные дистанционного зондирования. Рассмотрены история изучения ледников региона, динамика оледенения и распределение количества ледников по речным бассейнам. Установлено, что в данном регионе, как и в других ледниковых бассейнах Большого Кавказа, оледенение сокращается. Площадь оледенения за полвека сократилась на 4.47 км2, или на 55.46. Количество ледников за этот же период уменьшилось на 10 (26.32 общего числа). Наблюдается также распад более крупных ледников, отчленение меньших ледников и сокращение их размеров. На месте растаявших ледников остаются малые ледники и снежники (каменные глетчеры). Сокращение площади оледенения Бишиней-Саладагского хребта может в перспективе привести к уменьшению водного баланса рек Каракойсу и Самур и влиять на водообеспеченность населения. №4(42) (2019)

The purification of industrial and surface wastewater from heavy metal ions (HMI) to requirements for the discharge of treated wastewater into natural waters is one of the most complicated environmental and technological problems. For the deep purification of waste water from the HMI, the use of cheap sorbents obtained from production waste is the most promising. One of the many-tonnage wastes of technology of inorganic substances is the sludge formed in the production of soda by the ammonia Solvay, s method. Currently, sludge is stored in sludge accumulators and is a long-term source of pollution of environmental objects. Scientific developments in the utilization of slimes with the production of building materials, etc., have not found wide practical use, which is due to the heterogeneity of the granulometric and chemical composition of the waste. Carried out X-ray phase analysis and studies of the physicochemical and chemical properties of waste samples showed that its main components are calcium carbonate (calcite) and calcium hydroxide (portlandite). It is known that the natural mineral limestone efficiently extracts HMI from aqueous solutions with the formation of less soluble basic salts, carbonates, and hydroxy carbonates of HM. It has been established that sludge samples have high sorption activity when copper(II) and zinc ions are extracted from low concentrated solutions (sorption capacity for copper ions is 35.0 mg/g, sorption capacity for zinc ions is 40 mg/g). To increase the operational properties, a method has been developed for the production of a modified granular sorbent based on the sludge of soda production, consisting in treating with sodium silicate. The effect of a dose of sodium silicate in the sorbent composition on the mechanical strength and sorption properties of the obtained samples was studied. It has been established that the introduction of 8,6% SiO2 into the sludge leads to an increase in the mechanical strength by 50–80%, and does not have a significant effect on the sorption activity of the material. The kinetic and sorption regularities of extraction of copper(II) ions and zinc on modified sorbents are revealed. Based on the analysis of the adsorption isotherms obtained, the adsorption equilibrium constants and maximum adsorption values (Amax (Cu2+) = 50.8 mg/g; Amax (Zn2+) = 97.1 mg/g) were determined. Obtained sorption materials can be recommended for wastewater treatment from HMI.

Climate change in the world is affecting the growing shortage of fresh water. States in the Mediterranean region that have already experienced the effects of these changes need to take the climate factor into account when managing water resources. Using the example of the Republic of Cyprus, specific adaptation measures were studied and evaluated on the basis of their effectiveness, sustainability in the face of climate change uncertainty and their sustainability in the environmental, socio-economic sectors, as well as potential barriers and risks associated with the implementation of adaptation. The presented review showed that many of the measures taken, which are considered to address the impact of climate change on water resources, increase the adaptive capacity of the water sector, but its overall vulnerability remains high, as water demand is still not met in certain areas and / or for certain uses during a drought.

The aim of the article is to elaborate and to investigate the automatic control system of pressure in front of evaporators of the multifunctional heat pump, which has several condensers and several evaporators. The control system must reduce the value of pressure perturbations acting on evaporators and decrease the value of pressure pulsations before them. To solve this problem, a hydraulic scheme has been developed in which this parameter is stabilized by using fine and coarse adjustment valves in hydraulic circuits of condensers and compressors using a pressure control system for a static flow mixer. The system for control of the flow of the refrigerant consists of two groups of compressors with automatic control drives installed in the lines of each of the condensers. The pressure control system uses a model of control valve with proportional-integral – derivative (PID) controller in the direct line of the controller loop. This solution allowed simplifying the heat pump control system by eliminating the necessity of matching the pressure and flow control valves in each line and controlling the flow in the line over a wider range as well. A mathematical model of the static mixer of flows installed after the pressure control valves is obtained. The proposed pressure control system gives a possibility to reduce the amplitude of pulsations of pressure before the evaporators up to 14-16 times.

Hydrobiological studies were carried out to determine the status of bottom organisms of the rivers of the Aldan basin in the area of operation of the Kuranakh gold ore deposit. Comparison of indicators of the state of benthos in the background and contaminated areas showed that with a deterioration of the environment in all trophic links of hydrobiocenosis, signifi cant changes occur in the quantitative composition, qualitative development and structure of zoobenthos. Проведены гидробиологические исследования по определению состояния донных организмов рек бассейна Алдана в зоне деятельности Куранахского золоторудного месторождения. Сравнение показателей состояния бентоса в фоновых и загрязненных участках показало, что с ухудшением среды обитания во всех трофических звеньях гидробиоценоза происходят значительные изменения в количественном составе, качественном развитии и структуре зообентоса. №9(135) (2020)

An electric power plant induced increase in water temperature substantially affects aqueous medium. Any hydraulic facility zones to be artificially heated and used by power plants may be considered as peculiar “anthropogenic hydrothermal systems”. Interrelation properties of specific abiotic and biotic parameters of such extreme ecosystems shall be studied at large for understanding hydraulic facility ecosystem biological efficiency and trophic status alteration factors. This paper applies to analysis of relations between hydrothermal zone environment factors and basic characteristics of the plankton population in the Kharanorskaya State District Power Station (Trans-Baikal Territory) cooling reservoir. The population of planktonic animals and plants were studied at a thermal zone of the cooling reservoir by using standard hydrobiologic methods for the period of February to October, 2013. Hydrochemical samples were processed at the industrial sanitary laboratory of INTER RAO-Electroenergy JSC, Kharanorskaya SDPS branch using common techniques. It was found that phytoplankton contained 40 taxonomic groups of algae and 25 invertebrate species of animal plankton. Chlorophyta, Bacillariophyta and Crysophyta dominated in algocenosis amounted to 80% of the total taxonomic groups. As for Rotifera, it dominated in animal plankton cenosis amounted to 40% of the total species. It is demonstrated that the dominated complex varies seasonally. Quantity of phytoplankton and animal plankton has been specified. The algal species diversity has drastically reduced and quality of invertebrate animals has fallen down within the period when water was maximally warmed up since temperature values jumped up and oxygen content come down. With some aquatic organisms (i.e. algae and invertebrate animals) taken as an example, it was found that the offset and extension of organism growth periods induce a primary reaction to particular thermal load increase factors. Inverse temperature correlation was identified at surface and natural water layers to have specific abiotic parameters in relation to clear water and nitrate levels in water. As provided by biotic plankton sampling statistical data, it was found that temperature, cation and anion water composition, as well as suspended solid concentration are the main factors that affect growth of organisms in the anthropogenic water reservoir of the hydraulic facilities.

Согласно термодинамической оценке энергетического потенциала топлива можно убедиться, что биогаз Ð¾Ñ‡Ð¸ÑÑ‚Ð½Ñ‹Ñ ÑÐ¾Ð¾Ñ€ÑƒÐ¶ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ð¹ является перспективным вторичным источником энергии. Ð’ данной работе предложено два Ð¾ÑÐ½Ð¾Ð²Ð½Ñ‹Ñ Ð²Ð°Ñ€Ð¸Ð°Ð½Ñ‚Ð° использования биогаза: сжигание в котельной и выработка электроэнергии с получением побочной тепловой энергии. Целесообразность выбора определяется условиями эксплуатации, устойчивостью Ñ†ÐµÐ½Ñ‚Ñ€Ð°Ð»Ð¸Ð·Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð½Ñ‹Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ÑÑ‚Ð°Ð²Ð¾Ðº тепло-энергоресурсов, экономическими критериями и экологическими обязательствами. Особенности генерирования биогаза, утилизации и извлечения эксергетического компонента рассмотрены с применением теплофизической оценки теплотворной способности топлива и термодинамической возможности извлечения полезной работы и создания экологической привлекательности в комплексной реализации Ð¿Ð¾Ð´Ñ Ð¾Ð´Ð° при использовании Ð²Ñ‚Ð¾Ñ€Ð¸Ñ‡Ð½Ñ‹Ñ ÑÐ½ÐµÑ€Ð³ÐµÑ‚Ð¸Ñ‡ÐµÑÐºÐ¸Ñ Ñ€ÐµÑÑƒÑ€ÑÐ¾Ð². Для существующего проекта использования биогаза Ð¾Ñ‡Ð¸ÑÑ‚Ð½Ñ‹Ñ ÑÐ¾Ð¾Ñ€ÑƒÐ¶ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ð¹ компании Кока-Кола при Ð²Ñ‹Ñ Ð¾Ð´Ðµ 30м3 газа в час рассчитан энергетический потенциал биогаза, составляющий 783.12 МДж. Неизбежные потери по энтропийному фактору составляют порядка 27%, потери в Ñ‚ÐµÐ¿Ð»Ð¾Ð²Ñ‹Ñ ÑÐµÑ‚ÑÑ Ñ учетом достижимого коэффициента использования топлива не превышают 22%. Для реального использования рассчитан недостижимый предел работы идеальной машины с КПД 100%, равный 571.7 МДж. С учетом ÑÐµÑ‚ÐµÐ²Ñ‹Ñ Ñ‚ÐµÐ¿Ð»Ð¾Ð²Ñ‹Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ñ‚ÐµÑ€ÑŒ потенциал реализуемой полезной работы при использовании метановой составляющей биогаза может составить порядка 400,0 ± 0,2 МДж. Показано, что запасенная потенциальная калорийность Ð´Ñ€ÑƒÐ³Ð¸Ñ Ñ€Ð°ÑÑÐ¼Ð¾Ñ‚Ñ€ÐµÐ½Ð½Ñ‹Ñ Ð¸ÑÐºÐ¾Ð¿Ð°ÐµÐ¼Ñ‹Ñ Ð³Ð°Ð·Ð¾Ð² в соответствии с термодинамической оценкой ниже потенциала биогаза. Вариант использования биогаза для выработки электрической энергии целесообразен при возможности ее накопления и использования в автономном режиме. Извлечение тепловой составляющей биогаза позволит сократить потребление закупаемого топлива и снизить нагрузку Ñ†ÐµÐ½Ñ‚Ñ€Ð°Ð»Ð¸Ð·Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð½Ñ‹Ñ ÑÐ¸ÑÑ‚ÐµÐ¼ тепло обеспечения. According to the thermodynamic evaluation of the fuel energy potential we can be sure that the biogas from wastewaters treatment plants (WWTP) is a prospective secondary source of energy. In this paper, two main options for the use of biogas are suggested: burning in the boiler and generating electric power with producing a secondary thermal energy. Feasibility of selection is determined by operating conditions, the stability of the centralized heat supply of energy, economic criteria and environmental obligations. Features of biogas generating and utilization as well as extraction of exergetic component are considered using heatphysical assess the calorific value of the fuel and the thermodynamic possibility of extracting useful work and the creation of ecological attraction in the complex implementation of the approach using secondary energy resources. For an existing Coca-Cola Company project of using WWTP biogas the energy potential is 783.12 MJ at a yield of 30m3 of gas per hour. The inevitable losses on the entropy factor are 27%. Heat losses, taking into account achievable rate of fuel utilization, don't exceed 22%. For actual use unreachable limit of ideal machine work with an efficiency of 100% equals to 571.7 MJ. Taking into account network heat losses, the potential of realized useful work can reach 400,0 ± 0,2 MJ.It is shown that the stored potential caloric content of other minerals gases is below the potential of biogas in accordance with the thermodynamic assessment. The option of using biogas to generate electricity is advisable if it's necessary to accumulate and use energy in stand-alone mode. Extraction of a thermal component of biogas will allow to reduce consumption of the purchased fuel and to lower loading of the centralized systems heat of providing.