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As the impact of global climate change increases, the interaction of biotic and abiotic stresses increasingly threatens current agricultural practices. The most effective solution to the problem of climate change and a decrease in the amount of atmospheric precipitation is planting extremely drought-resistant and high-yielding crops. Sorghum can grow in harsh conditions such as salinity, drought and limited nutrients, also it is an important part of the diet in many countries. Sorghum can be introduced in many zones of Kazakhstan. Plant height and yield of green plant biomass of 16 sorghum samples in arid conditions were determined based on a set of agrobiological characteristics for field screening. The height of the studied samples of grain sorghum was 0.47 ±0.03 m, and the height of sweet sorghum was much longer, reaching up to 2.88 ±0.12 m. Also, there was a strong difference in green biomass in cultivated areas under different soil and climatic conditions, the green biomass of sweet sorghum was 3.0 Mg∙ha –1, and in grain sorghum, it reached up to 57.4 Mg∙ha –1. Based on the data of the field assessment for various soil and climatic conditions, the following samples were identified for introduction into production: samples of sweet sorghum for irrigated and rainfed lands of the Almaty Region and in the conditions of non-irrigation agriculture of the Aktobe Region – a promising line ICSV 93046. For non-irrigation agriculture of the Akmola Region, genotypes of sweet and grain sorghum are ‘Chaika’, ‘Kinelskoe 4’ and ‘Volzhskoe 44’.

During 2009–2011, 50 points of the Daube River Basin were surveyed. In 23 of them, seven species of Unionidae were recorded: U. pictorum, U. tumidus, U. crassus sensu lato, A. anatina, A. cygnea, P. сomplanatа and S. woodiana, which is an invasive species. Th e index of occurrence of freshwater mussels in general was 100 % in the Lower Danube River (5 study areas), 42 % in Tisa River (31 study areas), 33.3 % in Seret River (3 study areas), 36 % in Prut River (11 study areas). Th e index of occurrence of species was rather low: 24 % of A. anatina, 22 % of U. tumidus, 22 % of U. crassus, 16 % of U. pictorum, 14 % of P. complanata, 14 % of S. woodiana, and 2 % of A. cygnea. U. crassus was not found in the Lower Danube river, while A. cygnea was found only there outside the main watercourse. Th e invasive species S. woodiana occurred in the Lower Danube River and in the sub-basin of Tisa River (with 83 % and 20 % frequency, respectively. Th e mean values of population densities ranged from 1.00 (A. cygnea) to 6.14 ind./m2 (S. woodiana), and the mean biomass varied from 1.14 (P. сomplanatа) to 797.54 g/m2 (S. woodiana).

The results of investigation of influence of different soil processing methods on weed infestation of crops and their influence on agricultural crop efficiency in the conditions of the Orel region are examined. The analysis and estimation of agricultural crop infestation including different quantitative characters: rating system, weed plant phytomass, projective cover in comparison with projective cover of cultivated plants, specific number of weed plants and their influence on agricultural crop efficiency are carried out. The influence of different seeds variants and modern basic soil cultivation on weed infestation of crops, utilization of foreign seeding complex John Deere 730 and national seeding machine SZ-5,4 is shown.

The production of aquaculture products in closed water supply plants is becoming more widespread, and the volume of cultivation with such systems of freshwater fish is increasing. The use of closed water supply plants is the most promising global trend. When growing in closed water supply facilities, all parameters of the technological process are supported by automated devices, and the influence of natural factors on the process of the process is minimal. However, such systems require complex technological support, which needs constant improvement. When working in closed water supply plants, a precipitate is formed that needs to be recycled. It is expedient to utilize these sediments using methods that allow to receive additional heat and electricity for the needs of closed water supply plants in the production of aquaculture. On the basis of generalization and analysis of literary sources, it was found that the average value of the coefficient of conversion of mixed fodder during fattening of pigs is from 2.8 to 3.2 kg of feed per kg of weight gain. The average value of the coefficient of conversion of mixed fodder during fattening cattle is from 6.3 to 7.2 kg of feed per kg of weight gain. When growing broilers, the feed conversion rate is from 1.6 to 2 kg per kg of weight gain. The average value of the coefficient of conversion of mixed fodder during the cultivation of trout was 1.6 kg of feed per kg of weight gain, and at feeding sows – 1.2 kg of feed per kg of weight gain. The results of the development of block diagrams for the installation of closed water supply for the production of aquaculture with the provision of partial energy autonomy due to heat and electricity generated during the cogeneration of biogas generated during methane digestion of organic constituents of the sediment formed during the operation of the closed water supply system are presented.

The effects of clinostating on physiological processes and biochemical characteristics of wheat plants (Triticum aestivum L.) both healthy and infected by the wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV) were studied. In six experiments, each lasting over 30 days, healthy and infected plants of the dwarf Apogee variety were grown under conditions of continuous horizontal and vertical clinostating with 2 rpm at 21 +/- 2 degrees C and 6000 1x (the optimal moisture of a substrate being maintained). The control variants (healthy and infected) were simultaneously grown under the same conditions of temperature and illumination in stationary containers and in open pots. During the experiment, visual observations were carried out over the state of tested plants. After completing the experiment, biometric indices, pigment, carbohydrate and dry matter contents were determined in all the plants. It was shown that clinostating sharply reduced the reproductive function of healthy plants and considerably affected their biomass (productivity) and concentration of chlorophylls and sugars. The viral infection resulted in further reduction of these characteristics. In control variants the viral effect was more significant. We speculate that clinostating reduced the rate of reproduction and spread of the virus.

The article deals with the study of a balanced agroecosystem on the production of crop products, livestock products and biofuel with respect to its energy autonomy with ensuring its environmental safety. The structure of straw use in agroecosystem and its influence on humus balance and level of electric and thermal energy supply is investigated. The balance of humus in crop rotation was chosen as the criterion of ecological safety. The criterion of energy autonomy is the level of providing the agroecosystem with electric energy and thermal energy through the use of biofuels of its own production. The coordination of environmental safety, energy autonomy and economic efficiency was taken as the basis for the functioning of the agroecosystem. In a balanced agroecosystem on the production of crop products, livestock products and biofuel up to 41% of straw should be used to maintain the balance of humus in the soil. Up to 22% of straw can be used to produce heat and electricity for own needs. Up to 37% of straw can be used to produce electricity for sale according to the green tariff.

Today, the significant volumes of network traffic circulate through the Internet. The sources of such traffic are, in particular, the diverse territory distributed “smart” devices. The number of named devices is about billions. As a consequence, the relevance of bringing to practice the core concepts of the Internet of Things paradigm is constantly becoming more and more topical. It’s bound with the problem of granting the interoperability between the components of distributed software systems, built over the aforementioned devices. The web services are typically considered as the components of the system. To this end, to establish the interoperability between the components, despite the standardization, the need for the development of effective tools and techniques, granting the interoperability between the web services, arises. The goal of the work is to increase the effectiveness of the Internet of Things system engineering process by way of checking the interoperability between the components during the designing. The goal is achieved through the development of formal model for checking the interoperability between the components of the Internet of Things system by way of model checking in an automated manner. The novelty of proposed solution is grounded on the usage of Temporal Logic of Actions, corresponding formalism and the concept of action as the basis for compact and easily reconfigurable formal specifications synthesis. The adequacy of proposed model has been proved through the case study. The verification-related time costs have been estimated.