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AbstractCompanies are forced by rising energy costs to seize control of their energy consumption to maintain contestability. There-fore, transparency over the companies’ energy flux along the production process is required. Energy data management software is helpful, but cost-intensive. Hence, especially small and medium sized enterprises (SME) spare this investment. In this paper, the requirements for an energy controlling infrastructure in SME are elaborated, followed by a deduced software-architecture which supports the respective controlling structure. Further, the prototypical realization of the corresponding tool “Green-Cockpit” will be presented. The free of cost, open source and web-based tool is designed to help companies monitor, interpret, analyze, plan and report their energy consumption. The Green Cockpit tool outperforms other energy management software at management disciplines with its ability to not only analyze energy consumption, but plan and control it additionally.

Reconstruire les variations passées de notre climat permet de mieux appréhender le fonctionnement de notre système climatique.Les carottes de glace issues des calottes polaires et des glaciers montagneux de haute altitude sont de très bonnes archivesclimatiques. Les glaciers présents sur les sommets des Andes sud-américaines sont ainsi exploités depuis les années 80. Une dizainede carottages ont été réalisés depuis l’équateur jusqu’en Patagonie. Ils recouvrent des périodes très différentes allant du derniersiècle, jusqu’à la dernière transition glaciaire-interglaciaire qui débute il y a 21 000 ans. La datation de ces carottes combine unensemble de méthodes : comptage des cycles saisonniers des éléments chimiques et de la composition isotopique de la glace, analysede la concentration des éléments radioactifs issus des tests atmosphériques nucléaires au XXe siècle et modélisation de l’écoulementdu glacier pour la partie la plus profonde. Le présent article illustre deux résultats intéressants apportés par l’étude de la compositionisotopique de ces glaces. Le premier concerne la période du Petit Âge Glaciaire au XVIIe-XVIIIe siècle. L’analyse isotopique de la glacede deux carottes prélevées en Bolivie (Illimani) et au Pérou (Quelccaya), couplée à l’étude de l’extension des glaciers au mêmemoment, montre des conditions climatiques légèrement plus humides et plus froides de 1650 à 1780. Le second résultat est déduitde l’analyse isotopique d’une carotte prélevée en Patagonie du Nord (San Valentin) qui recouvre les 120 dernières années. L’enregistrementisotopique suggère que la température dans cette région a progressivement diminué au cours de cette période d’environ0,2 °C par décennie, venant prolonger une tendance mesurée par les stations météorologiques chiliennes depuis les années 70 malgréun contexte de réchauffement global. The reconstruction of past climate variability offers important information about our climate system. Ice cores extractedfrom polar ice sheets or from mountainous glaciers are among the most popular climate archives. Ice cores from Andean glaciersin South America have been studied since the 1980’s. Almost ten ice cores have been extracted from the equator to Patagonia. Theycover different time periods from the last century to the last glacial-interglacial termination that started 21,000 years ago. Those icecores are usually dated by using a combination of methods: annual layers counting in both isotopic and chemical ice composition,radionuclides concentration analysis to detect atmospheric nuclear tests during the 20th century and ice flow modeling for the deepestpart of those cores. This paper presents two interesting results arising from the isotopic composition of the ice. The first one dealswith the isotopic records of Bolivian (Illimani) and Peruvian (Quelccaya) ice cores in regards to the reconstruction of glacier extentduring the little ice age in the 17th-18th century. Both approaches suggest a slightly moister and cooler period from 1650 to 1780. Thesecond result arises from the 120-year long isotopic record of an ice core drilled in Patagonia (San Valentin). It suggests that at theregional scale, temperature has regularly decreased of about 0.2 °C per decade, extending the temperature decrease shown by Chileanmeteorological data since the 1970’s despite a global warming.

Little is known about the validity of repeated 24-h dietary recalls (24-HDR) as a measure of total energy intake (EI) in young children. This study aimed to evaluate the validity of proxy-reported EI by comparison with total energy expenditure (TEE) measured by the doubly labeled water (DLW) technique.The agreement between EI and TEE was investigated in 36 (47.2% boys) children aged 4-10 years from Belgium and Spain using subgroup analyses and Bland-Altman plots. Low-energy-reporters (LER), adequate-energy-reporters (AER) and high-energy-reporters (HER) were defined from the ratio of EI over TEE by application of age- and sex-specific cut-off values.There was good agreement between means of EI (1500 kcal/day) and TEE (1523 kcal/day) at group level though in single children, i.e. at the individual level, large differences were observed. Almost perfect agreement between EI and TEE was observed in thin/normal weight children (EI: 1511 kcal/day; TEE: 1513 kcal/day). Even in overweight/obese children the mean difference between EI and TEE was only -86 kcal/day. Among the participants, 28 (78%) were classified as AER, five (14%) as HER and three (8%) as LER.Two proxy-reported 24-HDRs were found to be a valid instrument to assess EI on group level but not on the individual level.

Climate change is already affecting the cardiorespiratory health of populations around the world, and these impacts are expected to increase. The present overview serves as a primer for respirologists who are concerned about how these profound environmental changes may affect their patients. The authors consider recent peer‐reviewed literature with a focus on climate interactions with air pollution. They do not discuss in detail cardiorespiratory health effects for which the potential link to climate change is poorly understood. For example, pneumonia and influenza, which affect >500 million people per year, are not addressed, although clear seasonal variation suggests climate‐related effects. Additionally, large global health impacts in low‐resource countries, including migration precipitated by environmental change, are omitted. The major cardiorespiratory health impacts addressed are due to heat, air pollution and wildfires, shifts in allergens and infectious diseases along with respiratory impacts from flooding. Personal and societal choices about carbon use and fossil energy infrastructure should be informed by their impacts on health, and respirologists can play an important role in this discussion.

Pervasive computing and business process modeling are increasingly joining forces, as mobile human users shall be seamlessly integrated into business processes. In respective scenarios, humans use mobile devices and wireless technology to interact with workflows running in a powerful back-end infrastructure. However, the frequent interaction between humans and workflows causes a high communication overhead and, thus, high energy consumption on mobile devices. This impacts the usability and efficiency of the business process due to rapidly drained batteries and the resulting short life-times of the devices and applications. We present an approach based on a minimum-cut algorithm for reducing costly data transmissions during workflow execution by distributing parts of a workflow to the users' devices. Our motivation is to reduce the energy consumption on the mobile devices and, thus, avoid draining batteries in the field. We prove that our algorithm finds the optimal solution for a given network and workflow, decreasing the energy consumed on mobile devices by 32-37% compared to an approach where the entire workflow is executed in the infrastructure. Thus, in typical domains like logistics and health care, one third of the energy can be saved. This either means that devices have to be charged less frequently, leading to less distraction in the business process, or that mobile device specifications can be lowered. Significant cost reductions result in both cases.

After a halt of four years, the n TOF spallation neutron facility at CERN has resumed operation in November 2008 with a new spallation target characterized by an improved safety and engineering design, resulting in a more robust overall performance and e cient cooling. The rst measurement during the 2009 run has aimed at the full characterization of the neutron beam. Several detectors, such as calibrated ssion chambers, the n TOF Silicon Monitor, a Mi- croMegas detector with 10B and 235U samples, as well as liquid and solid scintillators have been used in order to characterize the properties of the neutron uence. The spatial pro le of the beam has been studied with a specially designed \X-Y