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In the last decade, many malaria-endemic countries, like Zambia, have achieved significant reductions in malaria incidence among children <5 years old but face ongoing challenges in achieving similar progress against malaria in older age groups. In parts of Zambia, changing climatic and environmental factors are among those suspectedly behind high malaria incidence. Changes and variations in these factors potentially interfere with intervention program effectiveness and alter the distribution and incidence patterns of malaria differentially between young children and the rest of the population. We used parametric and non-parametric statistics to model the effects of climatic and socio-demographic variables on age-specific malaria incidence vis-à-vis control interventions. Linear regressions, mixed models, and Mann-Kendall tests were implemented to explore trends, changes in trends, and regress malaria incidence against environmental and intervention variables. Our study shows that while climate parameters affect the whole population, their impacts are felt most by people aged ≥5 years. Climate variables influenced malaria substantially more than mosquito nets and indoor residual spraying interventions. We establish that climate parameters negatively impact malaria control efforts by exacerbating the transmission conditions via more conducive temperature and rainfall environments, which are augmented by cultural and socioeconomic exposure mechanisms. We argue that an intensified communications and education intervention strategy for behavioural change specifically targeted at ≥5 aged population where incidence rates are increasing, is urgently required and call for further malaria stratification among the ≥5 age groups in the routine collection, analysis and reporting of malaria mortality and incidence data.

The Lancet Countdown : le suivi des progrès en matière de santé et de changement climatique est une collaboration de recherche internationale et multidisciplinaire entre des établissements universitaires et des praticiens du monde entier. Il fait suite aux travaux de la Commission Lancet de 2015, qui a conclu que la réponse au changement climatique pourrait être « la plus grande opportunité de santé mondiale du XXIe siècle ». Le compte à rebours du Lancet vise à suivre les impacts sur la santé des risques climatiques ; la résilience et l'adaptation en matière de santé ; les co-bénéfices pour la santé de l'atténuation du changement climatique ; l'économie et la finance ; et l'engagement politique et plus large. Ces domaines d'intervention forment les cinq groupes de travail thématiques du Lancet Countdown et représentent différents aspects de l'association complexe entre la santé et le changement climatique. Ces groupes thématiques fourniront des indicateurs pour une vue d'ensemble mondiale de la santé et du changement climatique ; des études de cas nationales mettant en évidence les pays qui ouvrent la voie ou vont à l'encontre de la tendance ; et un engagement avec un éventail de parties prenantes. Le compte à rebours du Lancet vise finalement à rendre compte chaque année d'une série d'indicateurs dans ces cinq groupes de travail. Ce document décrit les indicateurs potentiels et les domaines d'indicateurs à suivre par la collaboration, avec des suggestions sur les méthodologies et les ensembles de données disponibles pour atteindre cet objectif. Les domaines d'indicateurs proposés doivent être affinés et marquent le début d'un processus de consultation en cours - de novembre 2016 au début de 2017 - pour développer ces domaines, identifier les domaines clés non couverts actuellement et modifier les indicateurs si nécessaire. Cette collaboration cherchera activement à s'engager dans les processus de suivi existants, tels que les objectifs de développement durable des Nations Unies et les profils de pays de l'OMS en matière de climat et de santé. Les indicateurs évolueront également au fil du temps grâce à une collaboration continue avec des experts et un éventail de parties prenantes, et dépendront de l'émergence de nouvelles preuves et connaissances. Au cours de ses travaux, le Lancet Countdown adoptera un processus collaboratif et itératif, qui vise à compléter les initiatives existantes, à accueillir l'engagement avec de nouveaux partenaires et à être ouvert au développement de nouveaux projets de recherche sur la santé et le changement climatique. The Lancet Countdown: tracking progress on health and climate change es una colaboración de investigación internacional y multidisciplinaria entre instituciones académicas y profesionales de todo el mundo. Sigue el trabajo de la Comisión Lancet de 2015, que concluyó que la respuesta al cambio climático podría ser "la mayor oportunidad de salud global del siglo XXI". The Lancet Countdown tiene como objetivo realizar un seguimiento de los impactos en la salud de los peligros climáticos; la resiliencia y la adaptación a la salud; los beneficios colaterales para la salud de la mitigación del cambio climático; la economía y las finanzas; y el compromiso político y más amplio. Estas áreas de enfoque forman los cinco grupos de trabajo temáticos de The Lancet Countdown y representan diferentes aspectos de la compleja asociación entre la salud y el cambio climático. Estos grupos temáticos proporcionarán indicadores para una visión global de la salud y el cambio climático; estudios de casos nacionales que destacan a los países que lideran el camino o van en contra de la tendencia; y el compromiso con una variedad de partes interesadas. En última instancia, The Lancet Countdown tiene como objetivo informar anualmente sobre una serie de indicadores en estos cinco grupos de trabajo. Este documento describe los posibles indicadores y dominios de indicadores a ser rastreados por la colaboración, con sugerencias sobre las metodologías y conjuntos de datos disponibles para lograr este fin. Los dominios de indicadores propuestos requieren un mayor refinamiento y marcan el comienzo de un proceso de consulta continuo, desde noviembre de 2016 hasta principios de 2017, para desarrollar estos dominios, identificar áreas clave que actualmente no están cubiertas y cambiar los indicadores cuando sea necesario. Esta colaboración buscará activamente involucrarse con los procesos de monitoreo existentes, como los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible de la ONU y LOS perfiles climáticos y de salud de los países de la OMS. Los indicadores también evolucionarán con el tiempo a través de la colaboración continua con expertos y una variedad de partes interesadas, y dependerán de la aparición de nuevas pruebas y conocimientos. Durante el transcurso de su trabajo, The Lancet Countdown adoptará un proceso colaborativo e iterativo, que tiene como objetivo complementar las iniciativas existentes, dar la bienvenida al compromiso con nuevos socios y estar abierto al desarrollo de nuevos proyectos de investigación sobre salud y cambio climático. The Lancet Countdown: tracking progress on health and climate change is an international, multidisciplinary research collaboration between academic institutions and practitioners across the world. It follows on from the work of the 2015 Lancet Commission, which concluded that the response to climate change could be "the greatest global health opportunity of the 21st century". The Lancet Countdown aims to track the health impacts of climate hazards; health resilience and adaptation; health co-benefits of climate change mitigation; economics and finance; and political and broader engagement. These focus areas form the five thematic working groups of the Lancet Countdown and represent different aspects of the complex association between health and climate change. These thematic groups will provide indicators for a global overview of health and climate change; national case studies highlighting countries leading the way or going against the trend; and engagement with a range of stakeholders. The Lancet Countdown ultimately aims to report annually on a series of indicators across these five working groups. This paper outlines the potential indicators and indicator domains to be tracked by the collaboration, with suggestions on the methodologies and datasets available to achieve this end. The proposed indicator domains require further refinement, and mark the beginning of an ongoing consultation process-from November, 2016 to early 2017-to develop these domains, identify key areas not currently covered, and change indicators where necessary. This collaboration will actively seek to engage with existing monitoring processes, such as the UN Sustainable Development Goals and WHO's climate and health country profiles. The indicators will also evolve over time through ongoing collaboration with experts and a range of stakeholders, and be dependent on the emergence of new evidence and knowledge. During the course of its work, the Lancet Countdown will adopt a collaborative and iterative process, which aims to complement existing initiatives, welcome engagement with new partners, and be open to developing new research projects on health and climate change. العد التنازلي لمجلة لانسيت: تتبع التقدم المحرز في مجال الصحة وتغير المناخ هو تعاون بحثي دولي متعدد التخصصات بين المؤسسات الأكاديمية والممارسين في جميع أنحاء العالم. ويتبع ذلك عمل لجنة لانسيت لعام 2015، التي خلصت إلى أن الاستجابة لتغير المناخ يمكن أن تكون "أعظم فرصة صحية عالمية في القرن الحادي والعشرين". يهدف العد التنازلي لمجلة لانسيت إلى تتبع الآثار الصحية للمخاطر المناخية ؛ والمرونة الصحية والتكيف ؛ والفوائد الصحية المشتركة للتخفيف من آثار تغير المناخ ؛ والاقتصاد والتمويل ؛ والمشاركة السياسية والأوسع نطاقًا. تشكل مجالات التركيز هذه مجموعات العمل المواضيعية الخمسة للعد التنازلي لمجلة لانسيت وتمثل جوانب مختلفة من الارتباط المعقد بين الصحة وتغير المناخ. وستوفر هذه المجموعات المواضيعية مؤشرات لإلقاء نظرة عامة عالمية على الصحة وتغير المناخ ؛ ودراسات حالة وطنية تسلط الضوء على البلدان التي تقود الطريق أو تسير عكس الاتجاه ؛ والمشاركة مع مجموعة من أصحاب المصلحة. يهدف العد التنازلي لمجلة لانسيت في نهاية المطاف إلى تقديم تقرير سنوي عن سلسلة من المؤشرات عبر مجموعات العمل الخمس هذه. تحدد هذه الورقة المؤشرات المحتملة ومجالات المؤشرات التي سيتم تتبعها من خلال التعاون، مع اقتراحات حول المنهجيات ومجموعات البيانات المتاحة لتحقيق هذه الغاية. تتطلب مجالات المؤشرات المقترحة مزيدًا من التنقيح، وتمثل بداية عملية تشاور مستمرة - من نوفمبر 2016 إلى أوائل 2017 - لتطوير هذه المجالات، وتحديد المجالات الرئيسية غير المشمولة حاليًا، وتغيير المؤشرات عند الضرورة. سيسعى هذا التعاون بنشاط إلى المشاركة في عمليات الرصد القائمة، مثل أهداف الأمم المتحدة للتنمية المستدامة والملامح القطرية للمناخ والصحة لمنظمة الصحة العالمية. ستتطور المؤشرات أيضًا بمرور الوقت من خلال التعاون المستمر مع الخبراء ومجموعة من أصحاب المصلحة، وستعتمد على ظهور أدلة ومعارف جديدة. خلال عملها، سيعتمد العد التنازلي لمجلة لانسيت عملية تعاونية وتكرارية، تهدف إلى استكمال المبادرات الحالية، والترحيب بالمشاركة مع شركاء جدد، والانفتاح على تطوير مشاريع بحثية جديدة حول الصحة وتغير المناخ.

AbstractThe role of climate change on global malaria is often highlighted in World Health Organisation reports. We modelled a Zambian socio-environmental dataset from 2000 to 2016, against malaria trends and investigated the relationship of near-term environmental change with malaria incidence using Bayesian spatio-temporal, and negative binomial mixed regression models. We introduced the diurnal temperature range (DTR) as an alternative environmental measure to the widely used mean temperature. We found substantial sub-national near-term variations and significant associations with malaria incidence-trends. Significant spatio-temporal shifts in DTR/environmental predictors influenced malaria incidence-rates, even in areas with declining trends. We highlight the impact of seasonally sensitive DTR, especially in the first two quarters of the year and demonstrate how substantial investment in intervention programmes is negatively impacted by near-term climate change, most notably since 2010. We argue for targeted seasonally-sensitive malaria chemoprevention programmes.

The Syr Darya is one of two major rivers in Central Asia supplying critical fresh water to the Aral Sea. In spite of the river's importance and agriculturally-intensive history, few studies have provided a modern evaluation of and the occurrence of pesticide residues potential effects to aquatic life. The primary goal of this investigation was to determine seasonal variations in ambient concentrations of modern and legacy pesticides in bottom sediment and water of the Syr Darya in Kazakhstan (KZ) downstream from an agriculturally-intensive watershed in Uzbekistan. Grab samples and passive samplers were used at five remote sampling stations during June 2015 to provide a baseline for ecotoxicological evaluation. Results were compared with samples collected during and after the agricultural growing season. Polar organic chemical integrative samplers (POCIS) were used in June and calibrated for time-weighted average concentrations of current use pesticides. Among legacy chlorinated pesticides measured in grab samples from the river, lindane (γ-HCH) was detected most frequently with the highest concentrations occurring during June. For all the sampling events, residues of lindane (γ-HCH) ranged from 0.014 to 0.24 μg/L detected in water samples, are among the highest concentrations reported for rivers globally. Concentrations of γ-HCH, p,p'-DDE and dieldrin were highest in October when dieldrin concentrations approached 0.4 μg/L. Sources of legacy pesticides may be either illicit upstream use or evidence of previous atmospheric contamination of glacial meltwater. Chronic exposure to these residues may lead to ecological risk to lower order organisms in both the sediment and water column.

The COVID-19 pandemic caused and still causes unprecedented disruptions in daily lives of billions of people globally. It affects practices and routines across all household consumption domains, including clothing consumption. Drawing on Social Practice Theory, this article explores and compares changes in clothing acquisition practices during COVID-19 across nine countries: the USA, the UK, Finland, Germany, Switzerland, Iran, Czech Republic, India, and Hong Kong SAR. Data was obtained through a standardized survey containing rated and open-ended questions, which were analyzed through descriptive quantitative analysis and inductive qualitative content analysis of open-ended questions. The results of this cross-country research indicate that all forms of fashion consumption, including more sustainable practices, have decreased during the pandemic. The most visible impacts have occurred in the material arrangements associated with fashion acquisition practices (e.g., closed physical shops, shipping disruptions, cancelled events, remote work, etc.). However, changes that result from these disruptions may be shorter-lived that changes that happened as a result of changing meanings associated with fashion consumption and its more sustainable forms and new competencies and skills acquired during the pandemic that could ensure more lasting practicing of more sustainable forms of fashion consumption.

China, with its growing population and economic development, faces increasing risks to health from climate change, but also opportunities to address these risks and protect health for generations to come. Without a timely and adequate response, climate change will impact lives and livelihoods at an accelerated rate. In 2020, the Lancet Countdown Regional Centre in Asia, led by Tsinghua University, built on the work of the global Lancet Countdown and began its assessment of the health profile of climate change in China with the aim of triggering rapid and health-responsive actions. This 2021 report is the first annual update, presenting 25 indicators within five domains: climate change impacts, exposures, and vulnerability; adaptation, planning, and resilience for health; mitigation actions and health co-benefits; economics and finance; and public and political engagement. The report represents the contributions of 88 experts from 25 leading institutions in, and outside of, China. From 2020 to 2021, five new indicators have been added and methods have been improved for many indicators. Where possible, the indicator results are presented at national and provincial levels to facilitate local understanding and policy making. In a year marked by COVID-19, this report also endeavours to reflect on China's pathway for a green recovery, ensuring it aligns with the carbon neutrality goal, for the health of the current and future generations.