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Le système solaire photovoltaïque flottant (FPVT) est un nouveau concept de récupération d'énergie solaire qui contribue à la demande croissante d'énergie, mais avec des performances plus élevées par rapport au système terrestre (LBPV). La température de fonctionnement d'un système FPVT est inférieure et l'efficacité est meilleure que celle d'un système LBPV. L'étude expérimentale actuelle vise à améliorer encore la supériorité de la technologie photovoltaïque flottante grâce à un système innovant partiellement flottant (FPVWS) pour plus de récupération d'énergie. La partie sous-marine permet une gestion fiable de la température du système photovoltaïque via un transfert de chaleur mutuel avec l'eau ambiante et améliore par conséquent la production d'électricité. Ensuite, une installation flottante expérimentale a été construite pour examiner les performances du nouveau système FPVWS dans des conditions de vent réel et la raison de cette domination a été expliquée. Les données acquises ont démontré que la température de fonctionnement du FPVWS a diminué de 11,60 %, que la puissance de sortie a augmenté d'environ 20,28 % et que l'efficacité électrique a augmenté de 32,82 % avec une augmentation de 49 % de la vitesse du vent. Les performances du module FPVT sont améliorées grâce à la technique d'immersion et à la direction favorable du flux de vent nordouest, qui a fourni le plus de gain à ses performances. Le coût nivelé de l'énergie a diminué de 17 % ainsi qu'une réduction des émissions mondiales moyennes de CO2 de 69,51 kg de CO2/saison estivale avec une augmentation de 49 % de la vitesse du vent. El sistema solar fotovoltaico flotante (FPVT) es un nuevo concepto para la captación de energía solar que contribuye a la creciente demanda de energía pero con un mayor rendimiento en comparación con el sistema terrestre (LBPV). La temperatura de trabajo de un sistema FPVT es menor y la eficiencia es mejor que la de un sistema LBPV. El estudio experimental actual tiene como objetivo mejorar aún más la superioridad de la tecnología fotovoltaica flotante a través de un innovador sistema parcialmente flotante (FPVWS) para una mayor cosecha de energía. La parte subacuática permite una gestión fiable de la temperatura del sistema fotovoltaico a través de la transferencia mutua de calor con el agua ambiente y, en consecuencia, mejora la producción de electricidad. Luego, se construyó una configuración flotante experimental para examinar el rendimiento del nuevo sistema FPVWS en condiciones de viento real y se explicó la razón de tal dominancia. Los datos adquiridos demostraron que la temperatura de trabajo del FPVWS se redujo en un 11,60%, la potencia de salida aumentó en aproximadamente un 20,28% y la eficiencia eléctrica aumentó en un 32,82% con un incremento del 49% en la velocidad del viento. El rendimiento del módulo FPVT se mejora con la técnica de inmersión y la dirección favorable del flujo de viento hacia el noroeste, que proporcionó la mayor ganancia a su rendimiento. El coste nivelado de la energía disminuyó un 17% junto con una reducción de las emisiones medias mundiales de CO2 de 69,51 kg CO2/temporada de verano a un incremento del 49% en la velocidad del viento. The floating solar photovoltaic system (FPVT) is a new concept for solar energy harvesting that contributes to growing energy demand but with higher performance compared to the land-based system (LBPV). The working temperature of an FPVT system is lower and the efficiency is better than that of an LBPV system. The current experimental study aims to further enhance the superiority of floating PV technology through an innovative partially floating (FPVWS) system for more energy harvest. The underwater portion allows reliable temperature management for the PV system via mutual heat transfer with the ambient water and consequently enhances the electricity production. Then an experimental floating set up has been constructed to examine the performance of the new FPVWS system under real windy conditions and the reason for such dominance was explained. The acquired data demonstrated that the working temperature of the FPVWS reduced by11.60%, the output power rose by about 20.28%, and the electrical efficiency rose by 32.82% at a 49% increment in wind speed. The performance of the FPVT module is improved with the submerging technique and the favorable northerly-westerly wind flow direction, which provided the most gain to its performance. The levelized cost of energy decreased by 17% along with a reduction in global average CO2 emissions of 69.51 kg CO2/summer season at a 49% increment in wind speed. النظام الكهروضوئي الشمسي العائم (FPVT) هو مفهوم جديد لحصاد الطاقة الشمسية يساهم في زيادة الطلب على الطاقة ولكن مع أداء أعلى مقارنة بالنظام الأرضي (LBPV). درجة حرارة العمل لنظام FPVT أقل والكفاءة أفضل من نظام LBPV. تهدف الدراسة التجريبية الحالية إلى زيادة تعزيز تفوق التكنولوجيا الكهروضوئية العائمة من خلال نظام مبتكر عائم جزئيًا (FPVWS) لمزيد من حصاد الطاقة. يسمح الجزء تحت الماء بإدارة موثوقة لدرجة الحرارة للنظام الكهروضوئي عن طريق نقل الحرارة المتبادل مع المياه المحيطة وبالتالي يعزز إنتاج الكهرباء. ثم تم إنشاء مجموعة عائمة تجريبية لفحص أداء نظام FPVWS الجديد في ظل ظروف عاصفة حقيقية وتم شرح سبب هذه الهيمنة. أظهرت البيانات التي تم الحصول عليها أن درجة حرارة العمل لـ FPVWS انخفضت بنسبة 11.60 ٪، وارتفعت طاقة الخرج بنحو 20.28 ٪، وارتفعت الكفاءة الكهربائية بنسبة 32.82 ٪ بزيادة 49 ٪ في سرعة الرياح. يتم تحسين أداء وحدة FPVT باستخدام تقنية الغمر واتجاه تدفق الرياح الشمالية الغربية المواتي، مما يوفر أكبر مكسب لأدائها. انخفضت التكلفة المستوية للطاقة بنسبة 17 ٪ إلى جانب انخفاض المتوسط العالمي لانبعاثات ثاني أكسيد الكربون بمقدار 69.51 كجم من ثاني أكسيد الكربون/موسم الصيف بزيادة قدرها 49 ٪ في سرعة الرياح.

Dust accumulation on photovoltaic (PV) modules significantly reduces their performance, especially in desert environments. Cleaning can be costly or not feasible. This paper presents a comprehensive study of PV modules performance in a desert environment, focusing on the impact of dust on power output reduction at various tilt angles to determine the optimal angle in uncleaned conditions. Seven pairs of PV modules were installed on the roof of the Faculty of Engineering in Jeddah City at angles of 0°, 15°, 25°, 45°, 60°, 70°, and 90°. The output power of both the cleaned and dusty modules was recorded over a 12-month period. The results show that dust accumulation, tilt angle, and rain significantly reduce power. The optimal tilt for maximum average output power varies with the seasonal position of the sun and the amount of dust on the module’s surface. After 183 days of dust accumulation without rain, the power reduction for the dusty modules reached 80.4%, 75.6%, and 60.2% at tilt angles of 0°, 15°, and 25°, respectively. In the rainy period, the highest performance of the dusty modules was observed at a 45° tilt angle, with a power reduction of 5.9%. Conversely, during the dry period and throughout the year, the tilt angle that generated the highest power output was 25°, with power reduction of, respectively, 28.7% and 20.7%. These findings provide valuable insights into the impact of dust and tilt on PV module performance and contribute to the development of predictive models and optimization strategies for solar panel systems in harsh desert conditions. This research highlights the importance of strategic tilt selection to enhance the performance and longevity of PV installations in desert environments.

Abstract The interfaces between n-type silicon (n-Si) and metal electrode contact have enormous influences on the performance and stability of silicon solar cells. Recently, it has been proven that the carrier-selective contact (CSC) is an effective strategy to improve the device efficiency. Herein, a solution-processed and annealing-free zirconium acetylacetonate (ZrAcac) layer is used as an electron-selective contact for fabricating efficient crystalline silicon solar cell. This contact scheme enabled a reduction in both the contact resistivity and the work function at the interface between n-Si and Al, which can be attributed to the dipole formation at the contact interface induced by charge transfer. The application of this ZrAcac based contact was shown to consistently improve all device parameters reaching a maximum power conversion efficiency of 17.8% with a high fill factor of 81.1%, and greatly improve the device stability. This work demonstrated that the ZrAcac layer can provide sufficient energy alignment and enhanced carrier selectivity for efficient and stable photovoltaic devices.

The solar air collector assisted air source heat pump is demonstrated to be an efficient clean heating technology, while the research on its working modes, and the corresponding energy, exergy, economic, environmental (4E) analysis is insufficient. In this study, a novel triangular solar air collector assisted air source heat pump (TSAHP) for building heating is proposed, and three working modes including preheating, series and parallel modes are illustrated. The energy model is established and used to determine the optimal working mode, and solved by Python environment. Four scenarios including TSAHP with three areas of triangular solar air collector (TSAC) and conventional air source heat pump (ASHP) are compared based on the optimal working mode. Thermodynamic performance of the four scenarios under different working conditions is analyzed, and result indicate that the TSAHP with 3 m2 TSAC can reduce the power consumption and exergy destruction of ASHP components by 321.9 kWh and 784.6 MJ respectively during the whole heating period. Economic evaluation shows that TSAHP has the shortest payback period with moderate TSAC area, and has economic advantages at low nominal interest rate and high electric power cost with large TSAC area. In addition, based on the whole life cycle, 1 m2 of TSAC can reduce CO2 emission by more than 4500 kg.

Sustainability achievement in terms of energy requires consolidated approach for development of efficient materials that are eco-friendly, facile to prepare, and economically executable. With these considerations, this work presents the first report on the yttrium oxide (Y2O3) and zinc oxide (ZnO) stacked nano fibers (Y2O3-ZnO SNFs) prepared via microwave facilitated route. The as prepared material expressed an alleviated band gap energy of 3.68 eV. The synthesized material has mixed cubic and hexagonal phases with an average crystallite size of 38.33 nm. The role of Y2O3-ZnO SNFs as an interface passivating agents was explored in perovskite solar cells reaching 15.4% of the power conversion efficiency (PCE) exhibiting remarkable photovoltaic functionality. In terms of charge storage, Y2O3-ZnO SNFs embellished electrode was fabricated that exhibited excellent stability with the specific capacitance of 310.73 F g−1 with characteristic pseudocapactive behavior. Results for the electrochemical water splitting assays indicated the bifunctionality of Y2O3-ZnO SNFs towards oxygen and hydrogen production. Comparatively improved hydrogen generation was reflected by lower overpotential and Tafel slope values of 146 mV and 127.2 mV dec−1, respectively. Commercialization potential of this material was reflected by the excellent durability and stability checked via electrochemical assays.

Perovskites are at the forefront of research into potential alternatives for bulky and costly silicon-based solar cells. In recent years, lead-based organic and inorganic perovskite solar cells have broken efficiency records. However, these have stability issues and may pose health risks in the long-term. Hence, there has been ideally inorganic perovskite solar cells and parallel search for lead-free to match and eventually surpass the achievements of lead perovskite analogues. This study reports a modelling-guided device optimization process to design highly efficient lead-free n-i-p methyl ammonium tin bromide (MASnBr3) perovskite solar cells. We have studied the effect of the various hole and electron transport layers on the performance of MASnBr3 devices. The influence of different parameters, such as doping concentration of optimized HTLs/ETLs, the thickness of the perovskite layer, NA/ND of the absorption layer, and the defect density, is thoroughly investigated using numerical simulations. An optimized device FTO/SnO2/MASnBr3/NiO/Au is proposed here with an open circuit voltage of 1.1214 V, a short circuit current density of 34.8654 mA/cm2, fill factors of 88.30%, a theoretical power conversion efficiencies of 34.52%, and quantum efficiencies of 98%. This work reveals the potential of the MASnBr3 material as a perovskite for toxicity-free renewable energy.