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The interplay between excitatory pyramidal neurons and GABAergic interneurons is the basic building block of neocortical microcircuits and plays a critical role in carrying out higher cognitive functions. Cortical circuits are deeply and permanently disrupted by exposure to alcohol during brain development, the main non-genetic cause of intellectual disability. Here, I review experimental studies of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, dealing with permanent cellular and molecular alterations of neocortical neurons and their connections.

The interplay between excitatory pyramidal neurons and GABAergic interneurons is the basic building block of neocortical microcircuits and plays a critical role in carrying out higher cognitive functions. Cortical circuits are deeply and permanently disrupted by exposure to alcohol during brain development, the main non-genetic cause of intellectual disability. Here, I review experimental studies of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, dealing with permanent cellular and molecular alterations of neocortical neurons and their connections.

Policymakers and academics are increasingly discussing the need for innovation in the energy sector to support the societal transition toward net-zero. To this end, mobilizing finance for novel energy technologies is a significant challenge. Remarkably, the scientific literature about the financing mechanisms for novel energy technologies often neglects the difference between invention, radical innovation, and incremental innovation. Recognizing the difference is essential to defining ad hoc financing mechanisms, increasing the likelihood of developing and implementing such technologies, which can contribute to Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 7, SDG 9, and SDG 13. This paper highlights the need for a critical rethinking of the approach and the vocabulary related to the financing mechanisms for novel energy technologies. Leveraging a multiple longitudinal case study, the paper provides empirical evidence of the different financing mechanisms for the transition from invention to innovation in the energy sector. By bringing together the findings and existing literature, this paper provides a novel analytical framework to link financing mechanisms and the different phases of the innovation process in the energy sector. The framework is also a starting point for future research on the different phases of the innovation process and related financing mechanisms.

Policymakers and academics are increasingly discussing the need for innovation in the energy sector to support the societal transition toward net-zero. To this end, mobilizing finance for novel energy technologies is a significant challenge. Remarkably, the scientific literature about the financing mechanisms for novel energy technologies often neglects the difference between invention, radical innovation, and incremental innovation. Recognizing the difference is essential to defining ad hoc financing mechanisms, increasing the likelihood of developing and implementing such technologies, which can contribute to Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 7, SDG 9, and SDG 13. This paper highlights the need for a critical rethinking of the approach and the vocabulary related to the financing mechanisms for novel energy technologies. Leveraging a multiple longitudinal case study, the paper provides empirical evidence of the different financing mechanisms for the transition from invention to innovation in the energy sector. By bringing together the findings and existing literature, this paper provides a novel analytical framework to link financing mechanisms and the different phases of the innovation process in the energy sector. The framework is also a starting point for future research on the different phases of the innovation process and related financing mechanisms.

The unique properties of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have driven their pervasive use in different industrial applications, leading to substantial environmental pollution and raising critical concerns about the long-term impacts on ecosystem and human health. To tackle the global challenge of PFAS contamination, there is an urgent need for sustainable and efficient remediation strategies. Phytoremediation has emerged as a promising eco-friendly approach with the potential to mitigate the spread of these persistent contaminants. However, addressing this complex issue requires interdisciplinary cutting-edge research to develop comprehensive and scalable solutions for effective PFAS management. This review highlights recent advancements in the detection, quantification, and monitoring of PFAS uptake by plants, providing a detailed description of PFAS accumulation in several plant species. Besides, the physiological and molecular responses elicited by these pollutants are described. Leveraging omic technologies, including genomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics, provides unprecedented insights into the plant-PFAS interaction. Novel approaches based on artificial intelligence to predict this interaction and up to date disposal and valorization methods for PFAS-contaminated plant biomass, are discussed here. This review offers an interdisciplinary approach to explore what has been discovered so far about PFAS phytoremediation, covering the entire process from contaminant uptake to sustainable disposal, providing a roadmap for future research.

The unique properties of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have driven their pervasive use in different industrial applications, leading to substantial environmental pollution and raising critical concerns about the long-term impacts on ecosystem and human health. To tackle the global challenge of PFAS contamination, there is an urgent need for sustainable and efficient remediation strategies. Phytoremediation has emerged as a promising eco-friendly approach with the potential to mitigate the spread of these persistent contaminants. However, addressing this complex issue requires interdisciplinary cutting-edge research to develop comprehensive and scalable solutions for effective PFAS management. This review highlights recent advancements in the detection, quantification, and monitoring of PFAS uptake by plants, providing a detailed description of PFAS accumulation in several plant species. Besides, the physiological and molecular responses elicited by these pollutants are described. Leveraging omic technologies, including genomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics, provides unprecedented insights into the plant-PFAS interaction. Novel approaches based on artificial intelligence to predict this interaction and up to date disposal and valorization methods for PFAS-contaminated plant biomass, are discussed here. This review offers an interdisciplinary approach to explore what has been discovered so far about PFAS phytoremediation, covering the entire process from contaminant uptake to sustainable disposal, providing a roadmap for future research.

The recent developments of amorphous material based heterostructures with disordered heterointerfaces for advanced rechargeable batteries are reviewed, focusing on the relation between material structure and electrochemical performance.

The recent developments of amorphous material based heterostructures with disordered heterointerfaces for advanced rechargeable batteries are reviewed, focusing on the relation between material structure and electrochemical performance.