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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Fa-qiang Su; Mamoru Kaiho; Gota Deguchi; Koutarou Ohga; +1 Authors

    Cavity growth occurring with crack extension and coal consumption during UCG processes directly influences the gasification efficiency and the estimated subsidence and gas leakage to the surface. This report presents an evaluation of the gas energy recovery, coal consumption, and gasification cavity estimation using a proposed stoichiometric method to analyze the coal gasification reaction process. We defined the evaluation parameters of rate of energy recovery and investigated the effects of different parameters using UCG trials conducted with coal blocks and coal seams, adopting different Linking-hole methods and operational parameters. Analyses of results obtained from laboratory experiments and small-scale field trials using V-shaped and L-shaped linking holes, and Coaxial-hole UCG models show that the gasification of Linking-hole models yielded average calorific values of product gas as high as 10.26, 11.11 MJ/m3 (lab.), and 14.39 MJ/m3 (field.). In contrast, the Coaxial-hole models under experimental conditions yielded average calorific values of product gas as: 7.38, 4.70 MJ/m3 (lab.) and 6.66 MJ/m3 (field.). The cavity volume obtained with Coaxial models was about half of the volume obtained from Linking-hole models. Results obtained for these UCG systems show that the feed gas and linking-hole types can influence coal consumption and product gas energy. Fissure ratios were also investigated. Results confirmed major factors underpinning gasification efficiency. Linking-hole types strongly influenced the development of the oxidization surface and fracture cracks for subsequent combustion in the gasification zone. Estimated gas energy recovery results support experimental observations within an acceptable error range of about 10%. Moreover, this stoichiometric approach is simple and useful for evaluating the underground cavity during UCG. Based on these results, we proposed a definition of the energy recovery rate, combined with the obtained volumes of gasification cavities that provide a definition of energy recovery and UCG effects. UCGにおいては,炭層内のき裂進展に伴う燃焼空洞の拡大と石炭の消費が重要であり,これがガス化効率や安全性 (地盤沈下,ガス漏洩等) に大きく影響する。本研究では,ガス化効率,回収エネルギーとガス化空洞の評価方法として,化学量論および化学平衡に基づく評価手法を検討した。生成ガス組成と求めたガス化反応式から,石炭の消費量,ガス生産量等を推定する方法である。また,エネルギー回収率を定義し,UCG室内モデル実験及び露天炭鉱の炭層で行った小規模現場実験の結果を評価し,リンキングの方式や注入ガス等のパラメータがガス化効率やガス化空洞の成長に与える影響を検討した。リンキングの方式として,L字,V字,同軸型のUCG実験を行い,ガス化効率の違いと,その原因を明らかにした。すなわち,リンキング型と同軸型モデルを比較すると,リンキング型UCGモデルの方が発熱量が高く,平均発熱量では,前者が10.26/11.11 MJ/m3 (室内) ,14.39 MJ/m3 (現場) であった。一方,同軸型モデル試験では,7.38/4.70 MJ/m3 (室内) と6.66 MJ/m3 (現場) と低い値であった。実験後の空洞体積の直接評価結果でも,リンキング型の方がガス化領域が拡大していることを確認した。リンキング方式の方が,炭層内にき裂を連続的に進展させやすいためと考えられる。また,エネルギー回収率の評価では,実験前後の供試体質量差から求めたエネルギー回収率と比較検討を行った。その結果,両者の誤差は約10%で,検討した手法によりエネルギー回収率や燃焼ガス化領域の石炭消費量を推定できることがわかった。以上の結果より,検討した化学量論法よる回収エネルギー評価手法は簡便で,実用的であることが明らかになった。 Special Edition for Coal Energy Technology; Development and Utilization of Coal Energy

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    Journal of MMIJ
    Article . 2015 . Peer-reviewed
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      Journal of MMIJ
      Article . 2015 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Takashi Ogihara; Hitoshi Aikiyo; Hiroshi Matsuo; Shigenobu Yamanaka;

    The running test of railcar was examined using large lithium ion battery in the local line in Japan. 90 kWh of Mn type lithium ion battery was used. The relation between running time and voltage, current and integrating watt was investigated in detail. The railcar was run when the lithium ion battery module was discharged between 660 V and 480 V. The use of lithium ion battery had little voltage changes and enabled the smooth running compared with contact-wire type railcar. On one charge, it was also found from the running test that the railcar could run for about 40 km and the mileage improved 9 %. The running performance of lithium ion battery type railcar was equivalent to the contact-wire type railcar. It was found that the railcar powered by lithium ion battery was effec-tive for the replace of diesel type railcar in the local line.

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    Journal of Asian Electric Vehicles
    Article . 2009 . Peer-reviewed
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      Journal of Asian Electric Vehicles
      Article . 2009 . Peer-reviewed
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Takahashi Kazushi; Ikegami Munenobu; Sheahan Megan; Barrett Christopher B.;

    Microinsurance is widely considered an important tool for sustainable poverty reduction, especially in the face of increasing climate risk. Although index-based microinsurance, which should be free from the classical incentive problems, has attracted considerable attention, uptake rates have generally been weak in low-income rural communities. We explore the purchase patterns of index-based livestock insurance in southern Ethiopia, focusing in particular on the role of accurate product comprehension and price, including the prospective impact of temporary discount coupons on subsequent period demand due to price anchoring effects. We find that randomly distributed learning kits contribute to improving subjects' knowledge of the products; however, we do not find strong evidence that the improved knowledge per se induces greater uptake. We also find that reduced price due to randomly distributed discount coupons has an immediate, positive impact on uptake, without dampening subsequent period demand due to reference-dependence associated with price anchoring effects.

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    Authors: orcid Ilham, Zul;
    Ilham, Zul
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    Ilham, Zul in OpenAIRE
    Saka, Shiro;

    Biodiesel could be produced from triglycerides and dimethyl carbonate, instead of the conventional methanol, in this non-catalytic supercritical dimethyl carbonate method. It was demonstrated that, supercritical dimethyl carbonate method successfully converted triglycerides as well as fatty acids to fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) with glycerol carbonate, a higher value by-product compared to the conventional glycerol. The FAME are high in yield, comparable with supercritical methanol method, and satisfy the international standard for use as biodiesel fuel. In this study, therefore, optimization of supercritical dimethyl carbonate method was discussed to include all important key parameters such as reaction temperature, pressure, time, molar ratio of dimethyl carbonate to oil, the FAME yield, thermal decomposition, degree of denaturation, tocopherol content, oxidation stability and fuel properties. The optimum condition for supercritical dimethyl carbonate method was determined at 300 °C/20 MPa/20 min/42:1 molar ratio of dimethyl carbonate to oil to have satisfactory yield of FAME at 97.4 wt%. Conclusively, this study showed the importance to address all those key parameters in order to produce high quality biodiesel from supercritical dimethyl carbonate method.

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    Article . 2012 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Reiko Imai; Hirohiko Tsujii; Hiroshi Tsuji; Shin-ichiro Tatezaki; +3 Authors

    To summarize the results of treatment for sacral chordoma in Phase I-II and Phase II carbon ion radiotherapy trials for bone and soft-tissue sarcomas.We performed a retrospective analysis of 38 patients with medically unresectable sacral chordomas treated with the Heavy Ion Medical Accelerator in Chiba, Japan between 1996 and 2003. Of the 38 patients, 30 had not received previous treatment and 8 had locally recurrent tumor after previous resection. The applied carbon ion dose was 52.8-73.6 Gray equivalents (median, 70.4) in a total of 16 fixed fractions within 4 weeks.The median patient age was 66 years. The cranial tumor extension was S2 or greater in 31 patients. The median clinical target volume was 523 cm(3). The median follow-up period was 80 months. The 5-year overall survival rate was 86%, and the 5-year local control rate was 89%. After treatment, 27 of 30 patients with primary tumor remained ambulatory with or without supportive devices. Two patients experienced severe skin or soft-tissue complications requiring skin grafts.Carbon ion radiotherapy appears effective and safe in the treatment of patients with sacral chordoma and offers a promising alternative to surgery.

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    International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics
    Article . 2010 . Peer-reviewed
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      International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics
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    Authors: Takuji Harada; orcid Hirotatsu Watanabe;
    Hirotatsu Watanabe
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    Yoshiyuki Suzuki; Haruyuki Kamata; +3 Authors

    Abstract Numerical simulations of combined natural convection–conduction in a droplet of n-dodecane suspended from a thermocouple were carried out, taking into consideration evaporation, and the effect of thermocouple diameter on the evaporation characteristics was investigated. The calculated temperature history of the droplet is in good agreement with experimental results; both show that the rate of heating decreases with increasing thermocouple diameter. The maximum error in temperature due to the thermocouple increases linearly with increasing thermocouple diameter. Thus, in investigations involving a droplet suspended from a thermocouple, it is preferable to use a thermocouple with the smallest possible diameter.

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    International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao International Journa...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer
      Article . 2011 . Peer-reviewed
      License: Elsevier TDM
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      Article . 2010
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    Authors: Oki Sekizawa; Tomoya Uruga; Yasuhiro Iwasawa; orcid Toshihiko Yokoyama;
    Toshihiko Yokoyama
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    Toshihiko Yokoyama in OpenAIRE
    +11 Authors

    The structural kinetics of surface events on a Pt3Co/C cathode catalyst in a polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC) was investigated by operando time-resolved X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) with a time resolution of 500 ms. The rate constants of electrochemical reactions, the changes in charge density on Pt, and the changes in the local coordination structures of the Pt3Co alloy catalyst in the PEFC were successfully evaluated during fuel-cell voltage-operating processes. Significant time lags were observed between the electrochemical reactions and the structural changes in the Pt3Co alloy catalyst. The rate constants of all the surface events on the Pt3Co/C catalyst were significantly higher than those on the Pt/C catalyst, suggesting the advantageous behaviors (cell performance and catalyst durability) on the Pt3Co alloy cathode catalyst.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ IRDBarrow_drop_down
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    ACS Catalysis
    Article . 2012 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Masaaki Suzuki; Takeshi Matsumoto; orcid Hiroshi Akatsuka;
    Hiroshi Akatsuka
    ORCID
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    Hiroshi Akatsuka in OpenAIRE
    Hendri Firman Windarto; +1 Authors

    It is of importance to develop the proper decontamination technique for decommissioning of nuclear plant. In this paper, in order to investigate the feasibility of plasma process operated at atmospheric pressure, cold experiments to remove the oxide film deposited on the AISI 304 surface under the BWR condition were carried out. After 4 minutes plasma irradiation, surface changed significantly to be converted into metal fluorides which can be scraped off easily. The removal rate due to fluorination reaction on surface depends strongly on the number density of fluorine atoms in plasma. In our experimental conditions, the maximum removal rate 0.22g-m-2 min-1 was obtained. From these results it is concluded that plasma decontamination method can be feasible.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Journal of Nuclear S...arrow_drop_down
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    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology
    Article . 2000 . Peer-reviewed
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    Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology
    Article . 2000 . Peer-reviewed
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    Article . 2006
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology
      Article . 2000 . Peer-reviewed
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      Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology
      Article . 2000 . Peer-reviewed
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      Article . 2006
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    Authors: Tetsuya Kawata; Francis A. Cucinotta; Yoshiya Furusawa; Kerry George; +1 Authors

    Reported studies of DNA breakage induced by radiation of various qualities have generally shown a higher fraction of unrejoined residual breaks after high-LET exposure. This observation is supported by the argument that high-LET radiation induced DNA breaks that are more complex in nature and, thus, less likely to be repaired. In most cases the doses used in these studies were very high. We have studied unrejoined chromosome breaks by analyzing chromosome aberrations using a fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) technique with a combination of whole chromosome specific probes and probes specific for the telomere region of the chromosomes. Confluent human fibroblast cells (AG1522) were irradiated with gamma rays, 490 MeV/nucleon Si, or with Fe ions at either 200 and 500 MeV/nucleon, and were allowed to repair at 37 degrees C for 24 hours after exposure. A chemically induced premature chromosome condensation (PCC) technique was used to condense chromosomes in the G2 phase of the cell cycle. Results showed that the frequency of unrejoined chromosome breaks was higher after high-LET radiation, and the ratio of unrejoined to misrejoined chromosome breaks increased steadily with LET up a peak value at 440 keV/microm.

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    Journal of Radiation Research
    Article . 2002 . Peer-reviewed
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    Journal of Radiation Research
    Article
    License: CC BY NC
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    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    IRDB
    Conference object . 2014
    Data sources: IRDB
    IRDB
    Article . 2014
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      Journal of Radiation Research
      Article . 2002 . Peer-reviewed
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Journal of Radiation Research
      Article
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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      Conference object . 2014
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      Article . 2014
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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Noriyuki Sonoyama; ken Kawamura; Atsuo Yamada; Ryoji Kanno;

    Abstract Improvement for electrochemical luminescence (ECL) property of MgIn 2 O 4 is attempted by partial exchange of Mg 2+ ion in MgIn 2 O 4 to Ca 2+ ion. Mg 1− x Ca x In 2 O 4 solid solution was obtained in the region 0 x 1− x Ca x In 2 O 4 :Er 3+ increased with the increase in the ratio of Ca 2+ ion, and showed a peak at x =0.25 and then decreased steeply. ECL efficiency for other rare-earth ion-(RE:Sm, Eu, Ho) doped Mg 1− x Ca x In 2 O 4 also increased comparing with those for MgIn 2 O 4 :RE. This Ca 2+ addition effect on the ECL efficiency seems to be caused by the improvement of the efficiency for the impact activation.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Journal of Luminesce...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Journal of Luminescence
    Article . 2008 . Peer-reviewed
    License: Elsevier TDM
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    Article . 2010
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Journal of Luminesce...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Journal of Luminescence
      Article . 2008 . Peer-reviewed
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      Article . 2010
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