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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Pramod Aggarwal; Andy Jarvis; Bruce M. Campbell; Robert B. Zougmoré; +21 Authors

    L'augmentation des risques météorologiques menace les systèmes de production agricole et la sécurité alimentaire dans le monde entier. Maintenir la croissance agricole tout en minimisant les chocs climatiques est crucial pour construire un système de production alimentaire résilient et atteindre les objectifs de développement dans les pays vulnérables. Les experts ont proposé plusieurs interventions technologiques, institutionnelles et politiques pour aider les agriculteurs à s'adapter à la variabilité climatique actuelle et future et à atténuer les émissions de gaz à effet de serre (GES). Ce document présente le village intelligent face au climat (CSV) comme moyen d'effectuer de la recherche agricole pour le développement qui teste de manière robuste les options technologiques et institutionnelles pour faire face à la variabilité climatique et au changement climatique dans l'agriculture en utilisant des méthodes participatives.Il vise à étendre et à étendre les options appropriées et à tirer des leçons pour les décideurs politiques du niveau local au niveau mondial.L' approche intègre l'évaluation des technologies, des pratiques, des services et des processus climato-intelligents pertinents pour la gestion des risques climatiques locaux et identifie les possibilités de maximiser les gains d'adaptation des synergies entre les différentes interventions et de reconnaître les mésadaptations et les compromis potentiels.Il veille à ce que ceux-ci soient alignés sur les connaissances locales et liés aux plans de développement.Ce document décrit les premiers résultats en Asie., l'Afrique et l'Amérique latine pour illustrer différents exemples de l'approche CSV dans divers contextes agroécologiques. Les résultats des études initiales indiquent que l'approche CSV a un fort potentiel pour étendre les technologies, les pratiques et les services agricoles climato-intelligents prometteurs. Les études analogiques climatiques indiquent que les leçons apprises sur les sites CSV seraient pertinentes pour la planification de l'adaptation dans une grande partie des terres agricoles mondiales, même dans les scénarios de changement climatique. Les principaux obstacles et possibilités de travail ultérieur sont également discutés. El aumento de los riesgos climáticos amenaza los sistemas de producción agrícola y la seguridad alimentaria en todo el mundo. Mantener el crecimiento agrícola y minimizar los impactos climáticos es crucial para construir un sistema de producción de alimentos resiliente y cumplir los objetivos de desarrollo en los países vulnerables. Los expertos han propuesto varias intervenciones tecnológicas, institucionales y políticas para ayudar a los agricultores a adaptarse a la variabilidad climática actual y futura y mitigar las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero (GEI). Este documento presenta la aldea climáticamente inteligente (CSV) como un medio para realizar investigación agrícola para el desarrollo que pruebe de manera sólida las opciones tecnológicas e institucionales para hacer frente a la variabilidad climática y el cambio climático en la agricultura utilizando métodos participativos. Su objetivo es ampliar y ampliar las opciones apropiadas y extraer lecciones para los responsables de la formulación de políticas a nivel local y global. El enfoque incorpora la evaluación de tecnologías, prácticas, servicios y procesos climáticamente inteligentes relevantes para la gestión local del riesgo climático e identifica oportunidades para maximizar los beneficios de adaptación de las sinergias en diferentes intervenciones y reconocer posibles inadaptaciones y compensaciones. Se asegura de que estén alineados con el conocimiento local y se vinculen con los planes de desarrollo. Este documento describe los primeros resultados en Asia, África y América Latina para ilustrar diferentes ejemplos del enfoque CSV en diversos entornos agroecológicos. Los resultados de los estudios iniciales indican que el enfoque CSV tiene un alto potencial para ampliar las prometedoras tecnologías, prácticas y servicios agrícolas climáticamente inteligentes. Los estudios analógicos climáticos indican que las lecciones aprendidas en los sitios CSV serían relevantes para la planificación de la adaptación en una gran parte de las tierras agrícolas mundiales, incluso en escenarios de cambio climático. También se discuten las barreras clave y las oportunidades para seguir trabajando. Increasing weather risks threaten agricultural production systems and food security across the world.Maintaining agricultural growth while minimizing climate shocks is crucial to building a resilient food production system and meeting developmental goals in vulnerable countries.Experts have proposed several technological, institutional, and policy interventions to help farmers adapt to current and future weather variability and to mitigate greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions.This paper presents the climate-smart village (CSV) approach as a means of performing agricultural research for development that robustly tests technological and institutional options for dealing with climatic variability and climate change in agriculture using participatory methods.It aims to scale up and scale out the appropriate options and draw out lessons for policy makers from local to global levels.The approach incorporates evaluation of climate-smart technologies, practices, services, and processes relevant to local climatic risk management and identifies opportunities for maximizing adaptation gains from synergies across different interventions and recognizing potential maladaptation and trade-offs.It ensures that these are aligned with local knowledge and link into development plans.This paper describes early results in Asia, Africa, and Latin America to illustrate different examples of the CSV approach in diverse agroecological settings.Results from initial studies indicate that the CSV approach has a high potential for scaling out promising climate-smart agricultural technologies, practices, and services.Climate analog studies indicate that the lessons learned at the CSV sites would be relevant to adaptation planning in a large part of global agricultural land even under scenarios of climate change.Key barriers and opportunities for further work are also discussed. تهدد مخاطر الطقس المتزايدة أنظمة الإنتاج الزراعي والأمن الغذائي في جميع أنحاء العالم. يعد الحفاظ على النمو الزراعي مع تقليل الصدمات المناخية أمرًا بالغ الأهمية لبناء نظام إنتاج غذائي مرن وتحقيق الأهداف الإنمائية في البلدان المعرضة للخطر. اقترح الخبراء العديد من التدخلات التكنولوجية والمؤسسية والسياساتية لمساعدة المزارعين على التكيف مع تقلبات الطقس الحالية والمستقبلية والتخفيف من انبعاثات غازات الدفيئة. تعرض هذه الورقة القرية الذكية مناخيًا (CSV) نهج كوسيلة لإجراء البحوث الزراعية من أجل التنمية التي تختبر بقوة الخيارات التكنولوجية والمؤسسية للتعامل مع التقلبات المناخية وتغير المناخ في الزراعة باستخدام الأساليب التشاركية. ويهدف إلى توسيع نطاق الخيارات المناسبة وتوسيع نطاقها واستخلاص الدروس لصانعي السياسات من المستويات المحلية إلى العالمية. يتضمن النهج تقييم التقنيات والممارسات والخدمات والعمليات الذكية مناخياً ذات الصلة بإدارة المخاطر المناخية المحلية ويحدد فرص تحقيق أقصى قدر من مكاسب التكيف من أوجه التآزر عبر التدخلات المختلفة والاعتراف بسوء التكيف والمقايضات المحتملة. ويضمن توافقها مع المعرفة المحلية وربطها بخطط التنمية. تصف هذه الورقة النتائج المبكرة في آسيا وأفريقيا وأمريكا اللاتينية لتوضيح أمثلة مختلفة لنهج CSV في بيئات زراعية إيكولوجية متنوعة. تشير نتائج الدراسات الأولية إلى أن نهج CSV لديه إمكانات عالية لتوسيع نطاق التقنيات والممارسات والخدمات الزراعية الواعدة الذكية مناخياً. تشير الدراسات التناظرية المناخية إلى أن الدروس المستفادة في مواقع CSV ستكون ذات صلة بتخطيط التكيف في جزء كبير من الأراضي الزراعية العالمية حتى في ظل سيناريوهات تغير المناخ. كما تتم مناقشة الحواجز الرئيسية وفرص المزيد من العمل.

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    Ecology and Society
    Article . 2018 . Peer-reviewed
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    Ecology and Society
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    Ecology and Society
    Article . 2018
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    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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    https://dx.doi.org/10.60692/hm...
    Other literature type . 2018
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    Other literature type . 2018
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ The University of Ve...arrow_drop_down
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      Ecology and Society
      Article . 2018 . Peer-reviewed
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Ecology and Society
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      Ecology and Society
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      https://dx.doi.org/10.60692/hm...
      Other literature type . 2018
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      https://dx.doi.org/10.60692/qn...
      Other literature type . 2018
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Andy Jarvis; Jonathan Wadsworth; Bruce M. Campbell; Bruce M. Campbell; +9 Authors

    Il existe un large consensus sur le fait que les systèmes alimentaires actuels ne sont pas sur une trajectoire durable qui nous permettra d'atteindre les objectifs de développement durable d'ici 2030, en particulier face au changement climatique anthropique. Guidés par l'examen de certaines reconfigurations des systèmes alimentaires dans le passé, nous décrivons un programme de travail autour de quatre domaines d'action : réacheminer les anciens systèmes vers de nouvelles trajectoires ; réduire les risques ; minimiser l'empreinte environnementale des systèmes alimentaires ; et réaligner les catalyseurs du changement nécessaires pour faire fonctionner les nouveaux systèmes alimentaires. Ici, nous mettons en évidence les leviers des systèmes alimentaires qui, avec les activités dans ces quatre domaines d'action, peuvent faire évoluer les systèmes alimentaires vers un avenir plus durable, inclusif, sain et résilient au climat. Ces actions, résumées ici, sont présentées sous une forme élargie dans un rapport d'une initiative internationale impliquant des centaines de parties prenantes pour reconfigurer les systèmes alimentaires. Existe un amplio acuerdo en que los sistemas alimentarios actuales no están en una trayectoria sostenible que nos permita alcanzar los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible para 2030, particularmente frente al cambio climático antropogénico. Guiados por una consideración de algunas reconfiguraciones de sistemas alimentarios en el pasado, esbozamos una agenda de trabajo en torno a cuatro áreas de acción: redirigir los sistemas antiguos a nuevas trayectorias; reducir los riesgos; minimizar la huella ambiental de los sistemas alimentarios; y realinear los facilitadores del cambio necesarios para que funcionen los nuevos sistemas alimentarios. Aquí destacamos las palancas de los sistemas alimentarios que, junto con las actividades dentro de estas cuatro áreas de acción, pueden cambiar los sistemas alimentarios hacia futuros más sostenibles, inclusivos, saludables y resilientes al clima. Estas acciones, resumidas aquí, se presentan de forma ampliada en un informe de una iniciativa internacional en la que participan cientos de partes interesadas para reconfigurar los sistemas alimentarios. There is broad agreement that current food systems are not on a sustainable trajectory that will enable us to reach the Sustainable Development Goals by 2030, particularly in the face of anthropogenic climate change. Guided by a consideration of some food system reconfigurations in the past, we outline an agenda of work around four action areas: rerouting old systems into new trajectories; reducing risks; minimising the environmental footprint of food systems; and realigning the enablers of change needed to make new food systems function. Here we highlight food systems levers that, along with activities within these four action areas, may shift food systems towards more sustainable, inclusive, healthy and climate-resilient futures. These actions, summarised here, are presented in extended form in a report of an international initiative involving hundreds of stakeholders for reconfiguring food systems. هناك اتفاق واسع على أن النظم الغذائية الحالية ليست على مسار مستدام سيمكننا من الوصول إلى أهداف التنمية المستدامة بحلول عام 2030، لا سيما في مواجهة تغير المناخ الناجم عن الأنشطة البشرية. مسترشدين بالنظر في بعض عمليات إعادة تشكيل النظام الغذائي في الماضي، نحدد جدول أعمال للعمل حول أربعة مجالات عمل: إعادة توجيه الأنظمة القديمة إلى مسارات جديدة ؛ تقليل المخاطر ؛ تقليل البصمة البيئية للنظم الغذائية ؛ وإعادة تنظيم عوامل التمكين للتغيير اللازمة لجعل النظم الغذائية الجديدة تعمل. هنا نسلط الضوء على روافع النظم الغذائية التي، إلى جانب الأنشطة ضمن مجالات العمل الأربعة هذه، قد تحول النظم الغذائية نحو مستقبل أكثر استدامة وشمولية وصحة ومرونة تجاه المناخ. يتم تقديم هذه الإجراءات، الملخصة هنا، في شكل موسع في تقرير عن مبادرة دولية تضم مئات أصحاب المصلحة لإعادة تشكيل النظم الغذائية.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ The University of Ve...arrow_drop_down
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    Global Food Security
    Article . 2020 . Peer-reviewed
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    Global Food Security
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    https://dx.doi.org/10.60692/5s...
    Other literature type . 2020
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    Other literature type . 2020
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ The University of Ve...arrow_drop_down
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      Global Food Security
      Article . 2020 . Peer-reviewed
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      Data sources: Crossref
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Global Food Security
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      https://dx.doi.org/10.60692/5s...
      Other literature type . 2020
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      https://dx.doi.org/10.60692/yk...
      Other literature type . 2020
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    Authors: Ana Loboguerrero; Bruce Campbell; Peter Cooper; James Hansen; +2 Authors

    Human activities and their relation with land, through agriculture and forestry, are significantly impacting Earth system functioning. Specifically, agriculture has increasingly become a key sector for adaptation and mitigation initiatives that address climate change and help ensure food security for a growing global population. Climate change and agricultural outcomes influence our ability to reach targets for at least seven of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals. By 2015, 103 nations had committed themselves to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from agriculture, while 102 countries had prioritized agriculture in their adaptation agenda. Adaptation and mitigation actions within agriculture still receive insufficient support across scales, from local to international level. This paper reviews a series of climate change adaptation and mitigation options that can support increased production, production efficiency and greater food security for 9 billion people by 2050. Climate-smart agriculture can help foster synergies between productivity, adaptation, and mitigation, although trade-offs may be equally apparent. This study highlights the importance of identifying and exploiting those synergies in the context of Nationally Determined Contributions. Finally, the paper points out that keeping global warming to 2 °C above pre-industrial levels by 2100 requires going beyond the agriculture sector and exploring possibilities with respect to reduced emissions from deforestation, food loss, and waste, as well as from rethinking human diets.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ The University of Ve...arrow_drop_down
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    Article . 2019 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Dhanush Dinesh; Laura Cramer; Bruce M. Campbell; Bruce M. Campbell; +3 Authors

    The challenges facing agriculture in the coming decades are daunting. Recent research suggests that the impacts of climate change on agriculture and food systems may be wider-ranging than previously understood. Can feasible pathways to a food secure and sustainable future be identified? The scale of change required to meet the sustainable development goals, including those of no poverty, zero hunger and the urgent action needed to address climate change, will necessitate the transformation of local and global food systems. We identify eight elements of a theory of change to drive such transformation and highlight four pathways by which transformation may occur. We conclude with some suggestions for ‘business unusual’ for agricultural research for development.

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    Outlook on Agriculture
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    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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      Outlook on Agriculture
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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    Authors: Ngonidzashe Chirinda; Laura Arenas; Maria Katto; Sandra Loaiza; +20 Authors

    The burgeoning demand for rice in Latin America and Caribbean (LAC) exceeds supply, resulting in a rice deficit. To overcome this challenge, rice production should be increased, albeit sustainably. However, since rice production is associated with increases in the atmospheric concentration of two greenhouse gases (GHGs), namely methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O), the challenge is on ensuring that production increases are not associated with an increase in GHG emissions and thus do not cause an increase in GHG emission intensities. Based on current understanding of drivers of CH4 and N2O production, we provide here insights on the potential climate change mitigation benefits of management and technological options (i.e., seeding, tillage, irrigation, residue management) pursued in the LAC region. Studies conducted in the LAC region show intermittent irrigation or alternate wetting and drying of rice fields to reduce CH4 emissions by 25–70% without increasing N2O emissions. Results on yield changes associated with intermittent irrigation remain inconclusive. Compared to conventional tillage, no-tillage and anticipated tillage (i.e., fall tillage) cause a 21% and 25% reduction in CH4 emissions, respectively. From existing literature, it was unambiguous that the mitigation potential of most management strategies pursued in the LAC region need to be quantified while acknowledging country-specific conditions. While breeding high yielding and low emitting rice varieties may represent the most promising and possibly sustainable approach for achieving GHG emission reductions without demanding major changes in on-farm management practices, this is rather idealistic. We contend that a more realistic approach for realizing low GHG emitting rice production systems is to focus on increasing rice yields, for obvious food security reasons, which, while not reducing absolute emissions, should translate to a reduction in GHG emission intensities. Moreover, there is need to explore creative ways of incentivizing the adoption of promising combinations of management and technological options.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ CGIAR CGSpace (Consu...arrow_drop_down
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    Sustainability
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    Authors: Sonja J. Vermeulen; Sonja J. Vermeulen; Leocadio S. Sebastian; Caitlin Corner-Dolloff; +10 Authors

    AbstractClimate change will have far-reaching impacts on crop, livestock and fisheries production, and will change the prevalence of crop pests. Many of these impacts are already measurable. Climate impact studies are dominated by those on crop yields despite the limitations of climate-crop modelling, with very little attention paid to more systems components of cropping, let alone other dimensions of food security. Given the serious threats to food security, attention should shift to an action-oriented research agenda, where we see four key challenges: (a) changing the culture of research; (b) deriving stakeholder-driven portfolios of options for farmers, communities and countries; (c) ensuring that adaptation actions are relevant to those most vulnerable to climate change; (d) combining adaptation and mitigation.

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    Global Food Security
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Pramod Aggarwal; Andy Jarvis; Bruce M. Campbell; Robert B. Zougmoré; +21 Authors

    L'augmentation des risques météorologiques menace les systèmes de production agricole et la sécurité alimentaire dans le monde entier. Maintenir la croissance agricole tout en minimisant les chocs climatiques est crucial pour construire un système de production alimentaire résilient et atteindre les objectifs de développement dans les pays vulnérables. Les experts ont proposé plusieurs interventions technologiques, institutionnelles et politiques pour aider les agriculteurs à s'adapter à la variabilité climatique actuelle et future et à atténuer les émissions de gaz à effet de serre (GES). Ce document présente le village intelligent face au climat (CSV) comme moyen d'effectuer de la recherche agricole pour le développement qui teste de manière robuste les options technologiques et institutionnelles pour faire face à la variabilité climatique et au changement climatique dans l'agriculture en utilisant des méthodes participatives.Il vise à étendre et à étendre les options appropriées et à tirer des leçons pour les décideurs politiques du niveau local au niveau mondial.L' approche intègre l'évaluation des technologies, des pratiques, des services et des processus climato-intelligents pertinents pour la gestion des risques climatiques locaux et identifie les possibilités de maximiser les gains d'adaptation des synergies entre les différentes interventions et de reconnaître les mésadaptations et les compromis potentiels.Il veille à ce que ceux-ci soient alignés sur les connaissances locales et liés aux plans de développement.Ce document décrit les premiers résultats en Asie., l'Afrique et l'Amérique latine pour illustrer différents exemples de l'approche CSV dans divers contextes agroécologiques. Les résultats des études initiales indiquent que l'approche CSV a un fort potentiel pour étendre les technologies, les pratiques et les services agricoles climato-intelligents prometteurs. Les études analogiques climatiques indiquent que les leçons apprises sur les sites CSV seraient pertinentes pour la planification de l'adaptation dans une grande partie des terres agricoles mondiales, même dans les scénarios de changement climatique. Les principaux obstacles et possibilités de travail ultérieur sont également discutés. El aumento de los riesgos climáticos amenaza los sistemas de producción agrícola y la seguridad alimentaria en todo el mundo. Mantener el crecimiento agrícola y minimizar los impactos climáticos es crucial para construir un sistema de producción de alimentos resiliente y cumplir los objetivos de desarrollo en los países vulnerables. Los expertos han propuesto varias intervenciones tecnológicas, institucionales y políticas para ayudar a los agricultores a adaptarse a la variabilidad climática actual y futura y mitigar las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero (GEI). Este documento presenta la aldea climáticamente inteligente (CSV) como un medio para realizar investigación agrícola para el desarrollo que pruebe de manera sólida las opciones tecnológicas e institucionales para hacer frente a la variabilidad climática y el cambio climático en la agricultura utilizando métodos participativos. Su objetivo es ampliar y ampliar las opciones apropiadas y extraer lecciones para los responsables de la formulación de políticas a nivel local y global. El enfoque incorpora la evaluación de tecnologías, prácticas, servicios y procesos climáticamente inteligentes relevantes para la gestión local del riesgo climático e identifica oportunidades para maximizar los beneficios de adaptación de las sinergias en diferentes intervenciones y reconocer posibles inadaptaciones y compensaciones. Se asegura de que estén alineados con el conocimiento local y se vinculen con los planes de desarrollo. Este documento describe los primeros resultados en Asia, África y América Latina para ilustrar diferentes ejemplos del enfoque CSV en diversos entornos agroecológicos. Los resultados de los estudios iniciales indican que el enfoque CSV tiene un alto potencial para ampliar las prometedoras tecnologías, prácticas y servicios agrícolas climáticamente inteligentes. Los estudios analógicos climáticos indican que las lecciones aprendidas en los sitios CSV serían relevantes para la planificación de la adaptación en una gran parte de las tierras agrícolas mundiales, incluso en escenarios de cambio climático. También se discuten las barreras clave y las oportunidades para seguir trabajando. Increasing weather risks threaten agricultural production systems and food security across the world.Maintaining agricultural growth while minimizing climate shocks is crucial to building a resilient food production system and meeting developmental goals in vulnerable countries.Experts have proposed several technological, institutional, and policy interventions to help farmers adapt to current and future weather variability and to mitigate greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions.This paper presents the climate-smart village (CSV) approach as a means of performing agricultural research for development that robustly tests technological and institutional options for dealing with climatic variability and climate change in agriculture using participatory methods.It aims to scale up and scale out the appropriate options and draw out lessons for policy makers from local to global levels.The approach incorporates evaluation of climate-smart technologies, practices, services, and processes relevant to local climatic risk management and identifies opportunities for maximizing adaptation gains from synergies across different interventions and recognizing potential maladaptation and trade-offs.It ensures that these are aligned with local knowledge and link into development plans.This paper describes early results in Asia, Africa, and Latin America to illustrate different examples of the CSV approach in diverse agroecological settings.Results from initial studies indicate that the CSV approach has a high potential for scaling out promising climate-smart agricultural technologies, practices, and services.Climate analog studies indicate that the lessons learned at the CSV sites would be relevant to adaptation planning in a large part of global agricultural land even under scenarios of climate change.Key barriers and opportunities for further work are also discussed. تهدد مخاطر الطقس المتزايدة أنظمة الإنتاج الزراعي والأمن الغذائي في جميع أنحاء العالم. يعد الحفاظ على النمو الزراعي مع تقليل الصدمات المناخية أمرًا بالغ الأهمية لبناء نظام إنتاج غذائي مرن وتحقيق الأهداف الإنمائية في البلدان المعرضة للخطر. اقترح الخبراء العديد من التدخلات التكنولوجية والمؤسسية والسياساتية لمساعدة المزارعين على التكيف مع تقلبات الطقس الحالية والمستقبلية والتخفيف من انبعاثات غازات الدفيئة. تعرض هذه الورقة القرية الذكية مناخيًا (CSV) نهج كوسيلة لإجراء البحوث الزراعية من أجل التنمية التي تختبر بقوة الخيارات التكنولوجية والمؤسسية للتعامل مع التقلبات المناخية وتغير المناخ في الزراعة باستخدام الأساليب التشاركية. ويهدف إلى توسيع نطاق الخيارات المناسبة وتوسيع نطاقها واستخلاص الدروس لصانعي السياسات من المستويات المحلية إلى العالمية. يتضمن النهج تقييم التقنيات والممارسات والخدمات والعمليات الذكية مناخياً ذات الصلة بإدارة المخاطر المناخية المحلية ويحدد فرص تحقيق أقصى قدر من مكاسب التكيف من أوجه التآزر عبر التدخلات المختلفة والاعتراف بسوء التكيف والمقايضات المحتملة. ويضمن توافقها مع المعرفة المحلية وربطها بخطط التنمية. تصف هذه الورقة النتائج المبكرة في آسيا وأفريقيا وأمريكا اللاتينية لتوضيح أمثلة مختلفة لنهج CSV في بيئات زراعية إيكولوجية متنوعة. تشير نتائج الدراسات الأولية إلى أن نهج CSV لديه إمكانات عالية لتوسيع نطاق التقنيات والممارسات والخدمات الزراعية الواعدة الذكية مناخياً. تشير الدراسات التناظرية المناخية إلى أن الدروس المستفادة في مواقع CSV ستكون ذات صلة بتخطيط التكيف في جزء كبير من الأراضي الزراعية العالمية حتى في ظل سيناريوهات تغير المناخ. كما تتم مناقشة الحواجز الرئيسية وفرص المزيد من العمل.

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    Ecology and Society
    Article . 2018 . Peer-reviewed
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    Ecology and Society
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    Ecology and Society
    Article . 2018
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    https://dx.doi.org/10.60692/hm...
    Other literature type . 2018
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    https://dx.doi.org/10.60692/qn...
    Other literature type . 2018
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      Ecology and Society
      Article . 2018 . Peer-reviewed
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      Ecology and Society
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      Ecology and Society
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      https://dx.doi.org/10.60692/hm...
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Andy Jarvis; Jonathan Wadsworth; Bruce M. Campbell; Bruce M. Campbell; +9 Authors

    Il existe un large consensus sur le fait que les systèmes alimentaires actuels ne sont pas sur une trajectoire durable qui nous permettra d'atteindre les objectifs de développement durable d'ici 2030, en particulier face au changement climatique anthropique. Guidés par l'examen de certaines reconfigurations des systèmes alimentaires dans le passé, nous décrivons un programme de travail autour de quatre domaines d'action : réacheminer les anciens systèmes vers de nouvelles trajectoires ; réduire les risques ; minimiser l'empreinte environnementale des systèmes alimentaires ; et réaligner les catalyseurs du changement nécessaires pour faire fonctionner les nouveaux systèmes alimentaires. Ici, nous mettons en évidence les leviers des systèmes alimentaires qui, avec les activités dans ces quatre domaines d'action, peuvent faire évoluer les systèmes alimentaires vers un avenir plus durable, inclusif, sain et résilient au climat. Ces actions, résumées ici, sont présentées sous une forme élargie dans un rapport d'une initiative internationale impliquant des centaines de parties prenantes pour reconfigurer les systèmes alimentaires. Existe un amplio acuerdo en que los sistemas alimentarios actuales no están en una trayectoria sostenible que nos permita alcanzar los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible para 2030, particularmente frente al cambio climático antropogénico. Guiados por una consideración de algunas reconfiguraciones de sistemas alimentarios en el pasado, esbozamos una agenda de trabajo en torno a cuatro áreas de acción: redirigir los sistemas antiguos a nuevas trayectorias; reducir los riesgos; minimizar la huella ambiental de los sistemas alimentarios; y realinear los facilitadores del cambio necesarios para que funcionen los nuevos sistemas alimentarios. Aquí destacamos las palancas de los sistemas alimentarios que, junto con las actividades dentro de estas cuatro áreas de acción, pueden cambiar los sistemas alimentarios hacia futuros más sostenibles, inclusivos, saludables y resilientes al clima. Estas acciones, resumidas aquí, se presentan de forma ampliada en un informe de una iniciativa internacional en la que participan cientos de partes interesadas para reconfigurar los sistemas alimentarios. There is broad agreement that current food systems are not on a sustainable trajectory that will enable us to reach the Sustainable Development Goals by 2030, particularly in the face of anthropogenic climate change. Guided by a consideration of some food system reconfigurations in the past, we outline an agenda of work around four action areas: rerouting old systems into new trajectories; reducing risks; minimising the environmental footprint of food systems; and realigning the enablers of change needed to make new food systems function. Here we highlight food systems levers that, along with activities within these four action areas, may shift food systems towards more sustainable, inclusive, healthy and climate-resilient futures. These actions, summarised here, are presented in extended form in a report of an international initiative involving hundreds of stakeholders for reconfiguring food systems. هناك اتفاق واسع على أن النظم الغذائية الحالية ليست على مسار مستدام سيمكننا من الوصول إلى أهداف التنمية المستدامة بحلول عام 2030، لا سيما في مواجهة تغير المناخ الناجم عن الأنشطة البشرية. مسترشدين بالنظر في بعض عمليات إعادة تشكيل النظام الغذائي في الماضي، نحدد جدول أعمال للعمل حول أربعة مجالات عمل: إعادة توجيه الأنظمة القديمة إلى مسارات جديدة ؛ تقليل المخاطر ؛ تقليل البصمة البيئية للنظم الغذائية ؛ وإعادة تنظيم عوامل التمكين للتغيير اللازمة لجعل النظم الغذائية الجديدة تعمل. هنا نسلط الضوء على روافع النظم الغذائية التي، إلى جانب الأنشطة ضمن مجالات العمل الأربعة هذه، قد تحول النظم الغذائية نحو مستقبل أكثر استدامة وشمولية وصحة ومرونة تجاه المناخ. يتم تقديم هذه الإجراءات، الملخصة هنا، في شكل موسع في تقرير عن مبادرة دولية تضم مئات أصحاب المصلحة لإعادة تشكيل النظم الغذائية.

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    Global Food Security
    Article . 2020 . Peer-reviewed
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    Global Food Security
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    https://dx.doi.org/10.60692/5s...
    Other literature type . 2020
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      Global Food Security
      Article . 2020 . Peer-reviewed
      License: CC BY
      Data sources: Crossref
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      Global Food Security
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      https://dx.doi.org/10.60692/5s...
      Other literature type . 2020
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      https://dx.doi.org/10.60692/yk...
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    Authors: Ana Loboguerrero; Bruce Campbell; Peter Cooper; James Hansen; +2 Authors

    Human activities and their relation with land, through agriculture and forestry, are significantly impacting Earth system functioning. Specifically, agriculture has increasingly become a key sector for adaptation and mitigation initiatives that address climate change and help ensure food security for a growing global population. Climate change and agricultural outcomes influence our ability to reach targets for at least seven of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals. By 2015, 103 nations had committed themselves to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from agriculture, while 102 countries had prioritized agriculture in their adaptation agenda. Adaptation and mitigation actions within agriculture still receive insufficient support across scales, from local to international level. This paper reviews a series of climate change adaptation and mitigation options that can support increased production, production efficiency and greater food security for 9 billion people by 2050. Climate-smart agriculture can help foster synergies between productivity, adaptation, and mitigation, although trade-offs may be equally apparent. This study highlights the importance of identifying and exploiting those synergies in the context of Nationally Determined Contributions. Finally, the paper points out that keeping global warming to 2 °C above pre-industrial levels by 2100 requires going beyond the agriculture sector and exploring possibilities with respect to reduced emissions from deforestation, food loss, and waste, as well as from rethinking human diets.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ The University of Ve...arrow_drop_down
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    Sustainability
    Article . 2019 . Peer-reviewed
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      Article . 2019
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    Authors: Dhanush Dinesh; Laura Cramer; Bruce M. Campbell; Bruce M. Campbell; +3 Authors

    The challenges facing agriculture in the coming decades are daunting. Recent research suggests that the impacts of climate change on agriculture and food systems may be wider-ranging than previously understood. Can feasible pathways to a food secure and sustainable future be identified? The scale of change required to meet the sustainable development goals, including those of no poverty, zero hunger and the urgent action needed to address climate change, will necessitate the transformation of local and global food systems. We identify eight elements of a theory of change to drive such transformation and highlight four pathways by which transformation may occur. We conclude with some suggestions for ‘business unusual’ for agricultural research for development.

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    Outlook on Agriculture
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    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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      Outlook on Agriculture
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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    Authors: Ngonidzashe Chirinda; Laura Arenas; Maria Katto; Sandra Loaiza; +20 Authors

    The burgeoning demand for rice in Latin America and Caribbean (LAC) exceeds supply, resulting in a rice deficit. To overcome this challenge, rice production should be increased, albeit sustainably. However, since rice production is associated with increases in the atmospheric concentration of two greenhouse gases (GHGs), namely methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O), the challenge is on ensuring that production increases are not associated with an increase in GHG emissions and thus do not cause an increase in GHG emission intensities. Based on current understanding of drivers of CH4 and N2O production, we provide here insights on the potential climate change mitigation benefits of management and technological options (i.e., seeding, tillage, irrigation, residue management) pursued in the LAC region. Studies conducted in the LAC region show intermittent irrigation or alternate wetting and drying of rice fields to reduce CH4 emissions by 25–70% without increasing N2O emissions. Results on yield changes associated with intermittent irrigation remain inconclusive. Compared to conventional tillage, no-tillage and anticipated tillage (i.e., fall tillage) cause a 21% and 25% reduction in CH4 emissions, respectively. From existing literature, it was unambiguous that the mitigation potential of most management strategies pursued in the LAC region need to be quantified while acknowledging country-specific conditions. While breeding high yielding and low emitting rice varieties may represent the most promising and possibly sustainable approach for achieving GHG emission reductions without demanding major changes in on-farm management practices, this is rather idealistic. We contend that a more realistic approach for realizing low GHG emitting rice production systems is to focus on increasing rice yields, for obvious food security reasons, which, while not reducing absolute emissions, should translate to a reduction in GHG emission intensities. Moreover, there is need to explore creative ways of incentivizing the adoption of promising combinations of management and technological options.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ CGIAR CGSpace (Consu...arrow_drop_down
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    Sustainability
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    Authors: Sonja J. Vermeulen; Sonja J. Vermeulen; Leocadio S. Sebastian; Caitlin Corner-Dolloff; +10 Authors

    AbstractClimate change will have far-reaching impacts on crop, livestock and fisheries production, and will change the prevalence of crop pests. Many of these impacts are already measurable. Climate impact studies are dominated by those on crop yields despite the limitations of climate-crop modelling, with very little attention paid to more systems components of cropping, let alone other dimensions of food security. Given the serious threats to food security, attention should shift to an action-oriented research agenda, where we see four key challenges: (a) changing the culture of research; (b) deriving stakeholder-driven portfolios of options for farmers, communities and countries; (c) ensuring that adaptation actions are relevant to those most vulnerable to climate change; (d) combining adaptation and mitigation.

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    Global Food Security
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