• Energy Research
• Open Access close
• Closed Access close
• Open Source close
• PL close

The paper presents an experimental study on the formation process of burden surface texture on the blast furnace throat and its influence on the radial distribution of gas flow. The study was performed with the application of blast furnaces equipped with a bell-type charging device using radio-isotope means for the control of burden surface texture (profile) and burden surface level, i.e., gamma locators for burden surface texture. The study was carried out under the conditions of an operating blast furnace in an iron and steel plant using a unique GEOTAPS system for automated control of geometric and temperature parameters of burden material surface on the blast furnace throat. The influence of the surface texture on the gas flow distribution was also investigated. The possibility of a self-stabilization effect for burden surface texture and gas flow in an operating blast furnace under suitable conditions was experimentally proven. As a result of the experimental study performed, four ways of energy-saving technology implementation were determined for the control of blast furnace melting based on the data on the burden surface texture and previously unknown regularities of surface layer formation of burden material on the throat of an operating blast furnace with a bell-type charging device. The main idea of the paper is the development of automated control for the radial distribution of burden material and gas flow using actual or predicted surface texture parameters as important intermediate factors that both describe the process and have a significant simultaneous influence on it.

The paper presents an experimental study on the formation process of burden surface texture on the blast furnace throat and its influence on the radial distribution of gas flow. The study was performed with the application of blast furnaces equipped with a bell-type charging device using radio-isotope means for the control of burden surface texture (profile) and burden surface level, i.e., gamma locators for burden surface texture. The study was carried out under the conditions of an operating blast furnace in an iron and steel plant using a unique GEOTAPS system for automated control of geometric and temperature parameters of burden material surface on the blast furnace throat. The influence of the surface texture on the gas flow distribution was also investigated. The possibility of a self-stabilization effect for burden surface texture and gas flow in an operating blast furnace under suitable conditions was experimentally proven. As a result of the experimental study performed, four ways of energy-saving technology implementation were determined for the control of blast furnace melting based on the data on the burden surface texture and previously unknown regularities of surface layer formation of burden material on the throat of an operating blast furnace with a bell-type charging device. The main idea of the paper is the development of automated control for the radial distribution of burden material and gas flow using actual or predicted surface texture parameters as important intermediate factors that both describe the process and have a significant simultaneous influence on it.

Abstract Additional experimental data concerning the kinetics of Ni-Mo codeposition were obtained by investigating cathodic polarization using a rotating disc electrode. The Ni-Mo alloys were deposited from an ammonium citrate bath. The alloy deposition was controlled by activation in the case of low values of the cathode potential and by diffusion in the case of higher values. The hydrogen discharge was found to be diffusion controlled. The inductive influence of nickel results in depolarization of the reduction of molybdenum which cannot be deposited separately. An increase in the disc rotation speed caused an increase in the maximum cathode efficiency and in the molybdenum content of the alloy.

Abstract Additional experimental data concerning the kinetics of Ni-Mo codeposition were obtained by investigating cathodic polarization using a rotating disc electrode. The Ni-Mo alloys were deposited from an ammonium citrate bath. The alloy deposition was controlled by activation in the case of low values of the cathode potential and by diffusion in the case of higher values. The hydrogen discharge was found to be diffusion controlled. The inductive influence of nickel results in depolarization of the reduction of molybdenum which cannot be deposited separately. An increase in the disc rotation speed caused an increase in the maximum cathode efficiency and in the molybdenum content of the alloy.

Progressive urban density affects city centers especially and results in growing congestion, lack of parking spaces, and increasing environmental costs of transportation, causing increased air pollutant emissions and noise. These phenomena reduce the attractiveness of the city and result in a degradation of the quality of life for its residents. In light of these phenomena, there is a clear need for intelligent management of urban space using new technologies that would be complementary to existing intelligent transportation systems. Expanding information resources obtained from mobile cameras will have a positive impact on increasing the efficiency of transportation management and use of limited space in city centers. It will also have an impact on reducing external transport costs and increasing the quality of logistics services provided in the city. The main aim of the paper is to develop a concept of a transport management system in cities using mobile vision systems mounted on unmanned aerial vehicles. The model will concern the cases of lane occupation by freight vehicles and the analysis of parking spaces in the city in order to improve their management. The results of the developed model will contribute to the automation of the parking space management process and increase the efficiency of the use of city parking space resources.

Progressive urban density affects city centers especially and results in growing congestion, lack of parking spaces, and increasing environmental costs of transportation, causing increased air pollutant emissions and noise. These phenomena reduce the attractiveness of the city and result in a degradation of the quality of life for its residents. In light of these phenomena, there is a clear need for intelligent management of urban space using new technologies that would be complementary to existing intelligent transportation systems. Expanding information resources obtained from mobile cameras will have a positive impact on increasing the efficiency of transportation management and use of limited space in city centers. It will also have an impact on reducing external transport costs and increasing the quality of logistics services provided in the city. The main aim of the paper is to develop a concept of a transport management system in cities using mobile vision systems mounted on unmanned aerial vehicles. The model will concern the cases of lane occupation by freight vehicles and the analysis of parking spaces in the city in order to improve their management. The results of the developed model will contribute to the automation of the parking space management process and increase the efficiency of the use of city parking space resources.

Structure of energy carriers in Poland used for electricity differs from that in highly developed countries significantly. Currently almost 95% of electricity in our country is produced from coal and lignite. An increasing demand for electricity as well as European law result in the need of making more use of other energy resources including renewable energy sources (OZE). In 2010 the largest part of energy was produced from biomass (53,1%), followed by water (26,8%) and wind (16,7%). When it comes to energy production from biogas, its significance is low. In the analyzed year this kind of energy represented only 3,3% of the whole energy produced with OZE. Currently, the lowest cost of electricity production (370 PLN/MWh) characterizes coal power stations. Production of electricity using renewable sources of energy is a little bit more expensive (approximately 400 PLN/MWh). Energy produced by the coal power stations will meet more and more difficulties caused by the acquisition of rights to emit the carbon dioxide. As a result, there is a prospect of production of energy using its renewable sources. Power sector based on these resources does not produce waste, does not destroy environment and besides has a positive impact on local development. Production of energy using biogas is especially important. It follows from the fact that these power stations use in energy production both municipal, food industry and agricultural production waste, and support pro-ecological policy of European Union. In addition they both directly and indirectly reduce pollution. There are 34 bio-mass power stations currently operating in Poland with total capacity of almost 40MWh ; Struktura nośników energii w Polsce wykorzystywanych do energii elektrycznej znacznie rożni się od tej w wysoko rozwiniętych państwach. Aktualnie prawie 95% energii elektrycznej w naszym kraju produkowane jest z węgla kamiennego i brunatnego. Wzrastające zapotrzebowanie na energię elektryczną oraz przepisy unijne sprawiają, że istnieje konieczność większego ...

Structure of energy carriers in Poland used for electricity differs from that in highly developed countries significantly. Currently almost 95% of electricity in our country is produced from coal and lignite. An increasing demand for electricity as well as European law result in the need of making more use of other energy resources including renewable energy sources (OZE). In 2010 the largest part of energy was produced from biomass (53,1%), followed by water (26,8%) and wind (16,7%). When it comes to energy production from biogas, its significance is low. In the analyzed year this kind of energy represented only 3,3% of the whole energy produced with OZE. Currently, the lowest cost of electricity production (370 PLN/MWh) characterizes coal power stations. Production of electricity using renewable sources of energy is a little bit more expensive (approximately 400 PLN/MWh). Energy produced by the coal power stations will meet more and more difficulties caused by the acquisition of rights to emit the carbon dioxide. As a result, there is a prospect of production of energy using its renewable sources. Power sector based on these resources does not produce waste, does not destroy environment and besides has a positive impact on local development. Production of energy using biogas is especially important. It follows from the fact that these power stations use in energy production both municipal, food industry and agricultural production waste, and support pro-ecological policy of European Union. In addition they both directly and indirectly reduce pollution. There are 34 bio-mass power stations currently operating in Poland with total capacity of almost 40MWh ; Struktura nośników energii w Polsce wykorzystywanych do energii elektrycznej znacznie rożni się od tej w wysoko rozwiniętych państwach. Aktualnie prawie 95% energii elektrycznej w naszym kraju produkowane jest z węgla kamiennego i brunatnego. Wzrastające zapotrzebowanie na energię elektryczną oraz przepisy unijne sprawiają, że istnieje konieczność większego ...

This manuscript presents performed laboratory studies and the analysis of the impact of current shunt values used in the differential connection on the wideband metrological performance of inductive current transformers. Moreover, a comparison of the accuracy of wideband and 50 Hz-type inductive current transformers in the specified frequency range from 50 Hz to 5 kHz is presented. The main factor which may influence the wideband accuracy of inductive current transformers is the phenomenon of self-generation. This causes rapid changes in the accuracy, and simultaneously causes the most positive and the most negative values of current error and phase displacement. To evaluate the metrological performance in the differential measurement setup for higher harmonics of the distorted current, a digital acquisition board was used. Obtained results show that if proper values of current shunt resistance are chosen, such devices may be used to evaluate the wideband accuracy of inductive current transformers. The results indicate that the typical units designed for the transformation of sinusoidal current with a frequency of 50 Hz can achieve a comparable metrological performance to that of the wideband inductive current transformer.