• Energy Research
• Open Access close
• Closed Access close
• Embargo close
• natural sciences close
• UA close

The charged-particle production ratios $\bar{p}/p$, $K^-/K^+$, $��^-/��^+$, $(p + \bar{p})/(��^+ + ��^-)$, $(K^+ + K^-)/(��^+ + ��^-)$ and $(p + \bar{p})/(K^+ + K^-)$ are measured with the LHCb detector using $0.3 {\rm nb^{-1}}$ of $pp$ collisions delivered by the LHC at $\sqrt{s} = 0.9$ TeV and $1.8 {\rm nb^{-1}}$ at $\sqrt{s} = 7$ TeV. The measurements are performed as a function of transverse momentum $p_{\rm T}$ and pseudorapidity $��$. The production ratios are compared to the predictions of several Monte Carlo generator settings, none of which are able to describe adequately all observables. The ratio $\bar{p}/p$ is also considered as a function of rapidity loss, $��y \equiv y_{\rm beam} - y$, and is used to constrain models of baryon transport. Incorrect entries in Table 2 corrected. No consequences for rest of paper

Agricultural land abandonment due to biophysical and socioeconomic constraints is increasing across Europe. Meanwhile there is also an increase in bioenergy demand. This study assessed woody crop performance on several relevant types of marginal agricultural land in Europe, based on field experiments in Latvia, Spain and Ukraine. In Latvia, hybrid aspen was more productive than birch and alder species, and after eight years produced 4.8 Mg ha−1 y−1 on stony soil with sandy loam texture, when best clone and treatment combination was selected. In Spain, Siberian elm produced up to 7.1 Mg ha−1 y−1 on stony, sandy soil with low organic carbon content after three triennial rotations. In Ukraine, willow plantations produced a maximum of 10.8 Mg ha−1 y−1 on a soil with low soil organic carbon after second triennial rotation. The productivity was higher when management practices were optimized specifically to address the limiting factors of a site. Longer rotations and lower biomass yields compared to high-value land can be expected when woody crops are grown on similar marginal agricultural land shown in this study. Future studies should start here and investigate to what extent woody crops can contribute to rural development under these conditions.

Abstract Some new structures of thin-film solar converters (SC) based on heterojunctions (HJ) with intermediate semiconductor layers are suggested. Thin protective layers and a quasi-electric field incorporated into the space charge region (SCR) prevent cross-diffusion of HJ components and increase efficiency of charge carrier separation. They also decrease the diode dark current and provide high stability of the converter parameters. Thin (∼ 0.1 μ M) (CdSe) x (ZnTe) 1− x or Zn x Cd 1− x Se layers were used as graded band-gap layers. They were places between a photosensitive II-VI-compound (CdTe, CdSe, CdSe x Te 1− x ) base layer and the transparent Cu 1.8 S layer. The above structures were prepared by vacuum closed space sublimation. The properties of these compounds were studied by electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) with ion etching. The photoelectron properties of structures such as Cu 1.8 S/(CdSe) x )(ZnTe) 1− x /CdSe are presented in detail. The manufacturing technology for the integrated solar batteries based on CdTe, CdSe, and CdSe x Te 1− x compounds was developed. The solar cell parameters under low illumination intensities are comparable to those of solar batteries based on c-Si and a-Si. The competitiveness of the polycrystalline thin-film SC is due to ease and low cost of fabrication (as compared with c-Si and a-Si) and also to the extended photosensitivity range (as compared to a-Si).

A study of the production of prompt J/ψ mesons contained in jets in proton-proton collisions at s=8TeV is presented. The analysis is based on data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 19.1 fb−1 collected with the CMS detector at the LHC. For events with at least one observed jet, the angular separation between the J/ψ meson and the jet is used to test whether the J/ψ meson is part of the jet. The analysis shows that most prompt J/ψ mesons having energy above 15 GeV and rapidity |y|<1 are contained in jets with pseudorapidity |ηjet|<1. The differential distributions of the probability to have a J/ψ meson contained in a jet as a function of jet energy for a fixed J/ψ energy fraction are compared to a theoretical model using the fragmenting jet function approach. The data agree best with fragmenting jet function calculations that use a long-distance matrix element parameter set in which prompt J/ψ mesons are predicted to be unpolarized. This technique demonstrates a new way to test predictions for prompt J/ψ production using nonrelativistic quantum chromodynamics. Physics Letters B, 804 ISSN:0370-2693 ISSN:0031-9163 ISSN:1873-2445