• Energy Research
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Improving the organizational and economic mechanism for ensuring the sustainable development of the region in the context of decentralization is an extremely urgent problem. National concept of sustainable development of settlements (defines the main directions of state policy on ensuring sustainable development of settlements, legal and economic ways of their implementation) and the strategy of sustainable development of Ukraine – 2020 (defines the purpose, traffic vectors, roadmap, priority priorities and indicators of proper defense, socio-economic, organizational, political and legal conditions for the formation and development of Ukraine) are roadmaps for the regions, but the programs of implementation of the set tasks and achievement in such indicators should be formed on the ground, taking into account the peculiarities of socio-economic, geopolitical, demographic and other factors of development of the region in time and space. Important in this sense is the constant monitoring of the socio-economic status of the region, the results of which allow to establish effective economic and organizational and legal mechanisms of regional policy-making.

The article is devoted to a study of the issues related to the processes of reducing the greenhouse gas emissions using different types of biofuels. The dynamics of carbon dioxide emissions in the global energy sector were analyzed and it was determined that a stable level of the CO2 emissions in the last three years is due to introduction of the technologies with the use of renewable energy sources by developed countries. It was proven that the assessment of total greenhouse gas emissions requires an analysis of emissions throughout the life cycle of a biofuel. The impact of a biofuel on the climate change depends on the raw material from which it is produced, and which has a decisive influence on its chemical composition and performance. It was established that a significant role in ensuring energy security and preventing climate change is attributed to the development of biotechnologies, unrelated to the risks of agricultural production. The use of a biofuel from lignocellulose raw material may be more efficient in terms of reducing the greenhouse gas emissions. A biofuel, obtained from the processing of microalgae, also has important prospects. The ability of microalgae to bind atmospheric carbon dioxide may have a positive effect on solving the problem of greenhouse effect.

A circular economy emerged as an alternative transition model, which is considered to be a solution to massive environmental degradation. The transition from a linear economy to a circular economy requires companies to be actively involved in more sustainable practices. For such a transition, companies must rethink, innovate on business models, and encourage sustainability-oriented innovation to deliver customer value, while simultaneously considering environmental and social aspects. On the other hand, the role of the circular economy in energy conservation and infrastructure has not been mapped out in the current literature. This systematic literature review seeks to map out the main interrelated topics of the circular economy and sustainability-oriented innovation, describing internal and external factors that need to be considered in the transition to a clean energy future. Key lines of research are identified, and suggestions for future research and for how to facilitate the movement towards a circular economy are provided. This study contributes to an enhancement of the literature by identifying priority areas regarding the circular economy and sustainability-oriented innovation to encourage future research that contributes to sustainability and environmental preservation.

Abstract The photoelectrochemical behaviour of an Si anode coated with a film of mixed oxide of ruthenium and titanium (ORT) is studied in the reaction of photodecomposition of KCl and HCl solutions. Single-crystalline uniformly doped n-type silicon, as well as with p-n junction, was used as a substrate. The film is shown to protect the Si electrode against photocorrosion during the photoelectrolysis of the above solutions. The heights of the Schottky barrier at the n-Si/ORT contact is theoretically estimated using photoelectrochemical data to be up to 0.9 eV. The efficiency of a real electrode with Schottky barrier is significantly lower than the predicted value due to the destructive influence of a resistant interlayer formed during ORT film application to the silicon surface. The resistant interlayer formation may be prevented by implanting the silicon surface layer with boron, hence, by using an electrode with an n-Si/p + -Si junction as substrate. The efficiency of conversion of light energy into chemical energy in the n-Si/p + -Si/ORT/30% HCl/Pt cell is 6%.

Interaction of lava-like fuel-containing masses of Unit 4 at the Chernobyl NPP with structural concrete in the active phase of the accident of April 26, 1986, was studied. It was found that the fission fragments and the accumulated products contained in spent nuclear fuel penetrated the concrete from lava with different fractionation coefficients Kfr. The absolute values of Kfr were calculated, and this phenomenon was identified as a factor to be taken into account when estimating the total amount of radioactive waste for the Shelter.

The strategic documents of the state provide for inclusive and green growth aimed at the inclusion of society in the development of the state. It causes the need to highlight the main components of growth and guidelines for their calculation. The international community moved away from using the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) as a measure of economic development, and started measuring growth by calculating the Inclusive Development Index. The study conducted in the article is concentrated on the main directions of the international community development, which focus on assessment of the mineral resource management as one of the levers of increasing the production efficiency and taxes distribution. This article suggests to improve the rent payments for the minerals extraction through a correction factor, since the Tax Code of Ukraine does not take into account the multifunctionality of the territory where these resources are mined. The coefficient is estimated to vary from 1.25 to 2.0, depending on the polyfunctional characteristics of the mining area. This approach will improve existing methodological recommendations and include such an important area as inclusive green growth in the calculations, as not only the economic indicators of economic activity, but also the environmental feasibility of using the territory where it is carried out will be taken into account.

The noise problem in hotel rooms is strictly connected to noise generated by heating, ventilating, and air conditioning (HVAC) devices. Hospitality industry companies in many countries have specific requirements and monitor the noise level with technical equipment inside the hotel room. To ensure an adequately low level of noise from the HVAC system, proper calculations and tests are performed before the final application of the system in the hotel room. One of the best methods for assessing the noise level from HVAC devices in hotel rooms is to create a testing room (mock-up) in a certain available space, e.g., in a warehouse, and to perform appropriate standard measurements for the noise level. This method is a popular choice in the hotel industry because the noise level can not only be verified, but also, the installation and operation of the HVAC system inside the room can be checked. The main factors in choosing the space in which the mock-up will be made are availability and appropriate volume. It is not always possible to provide a hall space with a very low background level of noise. This article shows that the selection of a mock-up space is also determined by the noise level in the selected space. The background noise level—thus, the noise level in the mock-up room—must be low enough to be able to reliably measure the noise level from the HVAC equipment to avoid the phenomenon of acoustic masking by other noise sources (background noise) not related to the measurement. Background noise at too high a level will lead to invalidation of the measurement results or overestimation of the actual noise level in the room from the tested HVAC devices. In this study, background noise level measurements made in the testing rooms are described. The results are discussed, and a conclusion is drawn.

The results of determining sugar beet hybrids economic and energy efciency technology growing depending on the use of fungicides and microfertilizers are presented. The research was conducted in 2020–2022 in the “Svitanok” Agrienterprise of Vasylkiv district, Kyiv region. Research was conducted with two sugar beet hybrids (Pushkin, Akatsia), three variants of microfertilizers (control, YaraVita Bortrac 150 (3 l/ ha), YaraVita Mancozin (1 l/ha)) and three schemes of fungicide application (Stefstrobin (0.6 l/ha) + Shtefozal (0.5 l/ha) + Shtilvet (0.1 l/ha); Tserkostef (0.5 l/ha) + Shtefstrobin (0.6 l/ha) + Shtilvet (0.1 l/ha); Cerkoshtef (0.5 l/ha) + Shtefozal (0.5 l/ha) + Shtilvet (0.1 l/ha )) were studied. The evaluation of the fungicides and microfertilizers economic efciency was determined according to the prices for the end of 2022 according to generally accepted methods. The technology of sugar beets growing is generally accepted for the zone of the Right Bank Forest Steppe, except for the methods that were put to study. It was established that in the structure of economic costs during the cultivation of sugar beets, a signifcant part is occupied by the use of mineral fertilizers – 23.7 %, fuel – 18.6 %, plant protection products – 16.3 %, seeds – 13.5 %. In the structure of energy costs, most of it belongs to fuel (27.8 %), mineral fertilizers (26.9 %), equipment (19.7 %) and labor costs (15.7 %). Energy costs for plant protection products and microfertilizers make 4.5 and 0.7 %. The Akatsia hybrid has higher proftability rates (53245.7 UAH/ha), proftableness (164.9 %) and energy efciency ratio (3.6) compared to the Pushkin hybrid (45462.2 UAH/ha, 147.6 % and 3.3). From an economic and energy point of view, the combined use of microfertilizers YaraVita Mancozin (1 l/ha) and fungicides Tserkoshtef, k. s. (0.5 l/ha) + Stefstrobin k.s. (0.6 l/ha)+ Stilvet (0.1 l/ha) is the most appropriate. Efciency, proftability and energy efciency ratio were 51491.3 and 60394.3 UAH/ha, 161.9 and 181.5 %, 3.58 and 3.94, respectively, for hybrids Pushkin and Acacia. Key words: sugar beets, fungicides, microfertilizers, hybrids, economic efciency, energy efficiency.