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Today clearing of contaminated soils from heavy metals, pesticide residues is very important problem for Ukraine. Soil pollution is considered to be the result of the functioning of metallurgical and chemical industrial enterprises, as well as the irrational application of chemical plant protection means in the agricultural sector. The range of such preparations as well as the areas of contaminated soils are increasing every year. Phytoremediation with the help of herbaceous plants is one of the most effective methods of decontamination. This list of plants should be supplemented by perennial energy crops, taking into account the absorbing powers of their root system. The basis for preparing the material was the multiple scientific literary sources of domestic and foreign scientists on an investigated theme, the working-out of relevant techniques and scientific and practical recommendations. We applied both general scientific methods (dialectics, analysis and synthesis) and special ones for conducting of analytical review of literature. The largest area of soil in Ukraine is contaminated with cobalt, molybdenum, and copper, whose content exceeds not only the background values but also the maximum permissible concentrations (MPC). It has been defined that the intensity of heavy metals transition in the system “soil-plant” of the energy crops has the following form Cd→Cu→Zn→Pb. Perennial energy crops are capable to create quickly an above ground phytomass and to form an aggressive root system that enables them to accumulate heavy metals from the soil. They can be new and important plants for phytoremediation. At the same time, the energy crops are allocated in accordance with agroclimatic zoning taking into account plant responses to the growing conditions and also applying the scheme of soil remediation from heavy metals. It has been established that energy crops (Switchgrass and Silvergrass) are Hyperaccumulators. They actively absorb heavy metals and partialy accumulate them in their underground and above ground parts. Silvergrass (Miscanthus giganteus) provides higher yield than switchgrass (Panicum virgatum), though switchgrass has less dry matter content, higher accumulation of heavy metals in plant phytomass but the maximum permissible concentration is lower than regulated standards. Silvergrass (Miscanthus giganteus) provides higher yield than switchgrass (Panicum virgatum), though switchgrass has less dry matter content, higher accumulation of heavy metals in plant phytomass and maximum permissible concentration is lower than regulated standards. On termination of the vegetation, the above-ground vegetative mass of these plants can undergo to proper processing that is an additional source of non-ferrous metals or biofuel production for energy purposes.

Due to urbanization, large portions of vegetated territory have been replaced by waterproof surfaces. The consequences are greater outflows, lower infiltration, and lower evapotranspiration. Pavement systems made with permeable surfaces allow the infiltration of water, ensuring reduction of runoff volume. In this paper, the methods of analysis of the hydrological and environmental performance of the pavement systems are reviewed in the context of urban drainage and regarding their durability. The purpose is to present an overview of the studies published during the last decade in the field. The Pubmed and Web Science Core Collection electronic databases were used to conduct the scientific literature survey. This generated 1238 papers, of which only 17 met the criteria and were included and discussed in this review. The evidence drawn from the knowledge on which the document is based provides useful critical interpretations of existing studies to progress the current understanding on hydrological performance and environment impacts in terms of conventional pollutant removal efficiency and the current permeable pavement systems.

We have tested the microwave device of continuous operation for the thermal treatment of plant materials, which was developed and designed to implement microwave technologies in the industry. The purpose of the tests was to assess the effectiveness of the microwave device by the indicators of quality of the obtained material and energy consumption determined by the efficiency of the conversion of microwave energy into the internal energy of the material. The effects of microwave treatment of a straw substrate for tree-destroying fungi were studied. The treatment quality was determined by the yield of Oyster (Pleurotus) mushrooms, grown on the obtained substrate. Microwave treatment was carried out in various modes, which differed in the value of specific power. When analyzing the effectiveness of microwave treatment, the results were compared with the data obtained during the application of the traditional technology of straw sterilization. It was shown that the harvest of Oyster mushrooms increased by 11 %. It was found that under the optimal mode, specific power was q v =8.68·10 5 W/m 3 , final temperature was t=96 °С, duration of treatment was 180 s. Based on the thermal calculations, the values of the microwave chamber efficiency η c were calculated; under the optimal mode, η c =62 %. The influence of the microwave treatment on the sowing characteristics of seed wheat grain was studied. The effectiveness of the microwave treatment was determined by the values of laboratory germination and seed germination energy. Under the optimal mode, the output power of magnetrons was ΣP out =0.6 kW, the grain consumption was G=2.1·10 -2 kg/s. The study of the microwave device operation showed that for this design, in order to ensure stable and uniform movement of the material along the product pipeline, it is necessary to maintain the movement speed that is not higher than 0.5 m/min. It is recommended to apply the tested microwave device of continuous operation on specialized farms

Electrodialytic desalination of cheese whey was carried out using a pair of polymer cation exchange (Nafion 117) and inorganic membranes. The ceramic separator was modified with nanocomposite containing hydrated zirconium dioxide and basic bismuth nitrate. This amphoteric filler provides anion exchange ability of the composite membrane. This property is realized when at least one side of the membrane is in contact with an acidic solution. Ion transport through the membranes was shown to be determined by current, whey acidity, and also by composition of the solution in the concentration compartment of the electrochemical cell. It was shown that whey desalination occurred under overlimiting current. Acidification of whey and decrease of the acid content in the concentrate suppress ion transport. The electrodialysis of whey and nanofiltration permeate allowed removal of up to 80% of the mineral components in 5 h and 40 min, respectively. Preliminary ozonation of the permeate increased the rate of desalination.

The European Directive concerning pesticide sustainable use establishes regulations to reduce the environmental drift throughout treatments to agricultural crops, particularly in nearby sensitive areas, such as water bodies, natural reserves and urban areas. The drift represents the fraction of mixture delivered by the sprayer that is not caught by the crop, and is the clearest cause of environmental pollution. Anti-drift nozzles are usually employed, and buffer zones are also maintained along the edges of the sprayed field to reduce drift production. The aim of this work was the theoretical study of the motion of the spray droplets delivered by a nozzle, dipped in downwards and/or lateral forced air flows. A mathematical model has been developed, consisting of a system of 2nd order differential equations, to simulate the motion of water droplets of different diameters within simultaneous different directions of air flow. The graphs, obtained by means of the numerical solution of the model, allow us to analyze the level of the droplets’ drift, according to their diameter and to the speed of the lateral and the downward air flows, respectively. A lateral airflow at a speed of 5 m · s − 1 produced a drift in its direction until 1.70 m for droplets from 100 to 500 μm in diameter. For larger drops, the impact of the downward airflow is not very significant. The results obtained by the numerical solution of the mathematical model have been compared with the results of experimental tests carried out to evaluate the drift of spray produced by different nozzles.

The issue of industrial water treatment and food waste disposal is particularly relevant, especially for the alcohol industry. The problem of wastewater treatment and waste accumulation in the process of alcohol production is due to high chemical and biological oxygen demand, specific colour and odour, a large number of suspended substances, low pH. Therefore, the choice of promising wastewater treatment technologies is of paramount importance to ensure the ecological safety of the environment. The purpose of the paper is 1) to analyze the state of the alcohol industry in Ukraine in recent years, and methods of its waste disposal; 2) to investigate and determine effective methods of waste disposal in the alcohol industry.