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During 2009–2011, 50 points of the Daube River Basin were surveyed. In 23 of them, seven species of Unionidae were recorded: U. pictorum, U. tumidus, U. crassus sensu lato, A. anatina, A. cygnea, P. сomplanatа and S. woodiana, which is an invasive species. Th e index of occurrence of freshwater mussels in general was 100 % in the Lower Danube River (5 study areas), 42 % in Tisa River (31 study areas), 33.3 % in Seret River (3 study areas), 36 % in Prut River (11 study areas). Th e index of occurrence of species was rather low: 24 % of A. anatina, 22 % of U. tumidus, 22 % of U. crassus, 16 % of U. pictorum, 14 % of P. complanata, 14 % of S. woodiana, and 2 % of A. cygnea. U. crassus was not found in the Lower Danube river, while A. cygnea was found only there outside the main watercourse. Th e invasive species S. woodiana occurred in the Lower Danube River and in the sub-basin of Tisa River (with 83 % and 20 % frequency, respectively. Th e mean values of population densities ranged from 1.00 (A. cygnea) to 6.14 ind./m2 (S. woodiana), and the mean biomass varied from 1.14 (P. сomplanatа) to 797.54 g/m2 (S. woodiana).

The paper presents the comparative analysis of the amount of waste generated in Ukraine and European countries (except for radioactive waste) based on the official EU and Ukrainian statistical data. The data on waste generation are compiled according to the following classification: by economic activity and household, waste category, grades of hazard, and regions. In Ukraine, 352.3 million tons of waste was generated in 2018. By 2018, almost 13 billion tons of waste had been accumulated at the managed dumpsites, including about 12 million tons of hazardous and over 200 million tons of household waste. In the European Union, 2.6 billion tons of waste was generated in 2018. Over 70% of it was generated by 10 countries: Germany, France, England, Poland, Romania, Italy, Sweden, the Netherlands, Spain and Finland. By economic activity, the largest amounts of waste in Ukraine are generated by the mineral extraction and processing industry, the smallest – from water treatment and construction. In the EU countries, these values are somewhat different. For example, in Germany and France, the largest amounts of waste are generated from construction and manufacturing, the smallest – from agriculture, forestry and fishery. By waste category, the waste generated both in the EU countries and in Ukraine is mineral and solid waste. In Ukraine, the largest amounts of waste are produced and accumulated in the Dnipropetrovsk, Donetsk and Zaporizhzhia regions which accommodate large enterprises for extraction and mineral processing of iron and manganese ores, titanium-zirconium placers, coal, dolomite, and metallurgical limestone, as well as metallurgical and ferroalloy plants.

The production of aquaculture products in closed water supply plants is becoming more widespread, and the volume of cultivation with such systems of freshwater fish is increasing. The use of closed water supply plants is the most promising global trend. When growing in closed water supply facilities, all parameters of the technological process are supported by automated devices, and the influence of natural factors on the process of the process is minimal. However, such systems require complex technological support, which needs constant improvement. When working in closed water supply plants, a precipitate is formed that needs to be recycled. It is expedient to utilize these sediments using methods that allow to receive additional heat and electricity for the needs of closed water supply plants in the production of aquaculture. On the basis of generalization and analysis of literary sources, it was found that the average value of the coefficient of conversion of mixed fodder during fattening of pigs is from 2.8 to 3.2 kg of feed per kg of weight gain. The average value of the coefficient of conversion of mixed fodder during fattening cattle is from 6.3 to 7.2 kg of feed per kg of weight gain. When growing broilers, the feed conversion rate is from 1.6 to 2 kg per kg of weight gain. The average value of the coefficient of conversion of mixed fodder during the cultivation of trout was 1.6 kg of feed per kg of weight gain, and at feeding sows – 1.2 kg of feed per kg of weight gain. The results of the development of block diagrams for the installation of closed water supply for the production of aquaculture with the provision of partial energy autonomy due to heat and electricity generated during the cogeneration of biogas generated during methane digestion of organic constituents of the sediment formed during the operation of the closed water supply system are presented.

This paper outlines the prospect of obtaining water from atmospheric air by cooling it to the dew point temperature using refrigeration machines in order to partially reduce water scarcity in the arid regions of our planet. To minimize energy costs in the systems for obtaining water from atmospheric air, it is proposed to utilize solar energy with absorption refrigeration units (ARUs) acting as a source of artificial cold. The characteristic thermodynamic processes have been analyzed in a modernized ARU, capable of working at a lower thermal energy source's temperature than its analogs. The possibility has been studied to reduce the temperature of the heat source by including a solution vaporizer in the ARU scheme. The analysis involved an authentic method based on the balance of specific streams of ARU working body components and actual boundary conditions at characteristic points of the cycle. A limit was shown for the level of a minimum boiling temperature in the ARU generator (from 90 °C) when the systems for obtaining water from atmospheric air are operated under current climatic conditions. The simulation of heat-and-mass exchange processes during contact interaction between a steam-gas mixture and ammonia water solution was carried out. Based on variant calculations, it has been shown that the proposed ARU structure with an adiabatic solution vaporizer could work as part of systems to obtain water from atmospheric air at a hot spring temperature above 100 °C and constructively enough fits into the element base of standard models. It has been proposed to use two types of solar thermal energy sources to operate ARU. In a tropical climate, with vacuum solar collectors or solar energy hubs; in a temperate climate zone, with solar collectors with water as a heat carrier

Water, as one of the main media of human existence on earth, is the basis of the functioning of most societies. This article discusses various activities related to water resource management and analyzes the evaluation of selected quality parameters of tap water in Poland and Ukraine. The aim of the manuscript was to compare opinions on tap water quality and habits of its use in Poland and Ukraine, taking into account different seasons of the year as periods of use of supplied water. The hypothesis of the study was that tap water parameters are evaluated differently in Poland and Ukraine at different times of water supply. Due to the complexity of research aspects, a mixed-methods research procedure was used, in which a literature review was combined with a survey and statistical analysis. For the purpose of the survey, the authors’ questionnaire “Survey of customers’ opinions on selected parameters of tap water supplied in Poland and Ukraine” was created. The results of the research confirmed the hypothesis and allowed for the development a model for the evaluation of parameters of tap water supplied on the territory of Poland and Ukraine and to get to know the expectations of customers of these countries. The presented model provides practical indications that can be used to optimize water supply and meet customers’ expectations, including improvement of water quality parameters.

Abstract The possibility of using RAS waste water as a cultivation medium for Desmodesmus armatus (Chod.) Hegew. was investigated. Algal biomass increased continuously reaching its maximum on the day 40 of cultivation. D. armatus culture was characterized by a maximum content of total proteins of 23% on day 40 of cultivation. At the same time, 17 proteinogenic amino acids, including 9 replaceable and 8 essential acids, were detected and identified in D. armatus biomass. Among these amino acids, maximum contents of asparagine and glutamine were noted. A gradual increase in the number of total photosynthetic pigments until day 40 of cultivation was also observed. On day 40, the content of chlorophyll a, b, and carotenoids in D. armatus cells was maximal at 11.17, 7.07, and 12.05 mg g-1 dry weight, respectively. Therefore, cultivating microalgae D. armatus in RAS waste water permits obtaining an active growing culture that is characterized by a constant increase of biomass and high nutrient contents.

The galvanic industry and the production of printed circuit boards are a significant source of environmental pollution, they pose a threat comparable to the chemical industry. They pollute both the atmosphere, the biosphere and the hydrosphere. The paper presents an assessment of the negative impact on the environment, galvanic production and the resulting post-production waste. It was proposed to use the technology of regeneration of used treating solutions, in which the recovered metal can be reused as a secondary raw material for the production of copper products. The regenerated solution, on the other hand, can be used to treat integrated circuit boards. As part of the work, with the use of a microscope, the structural characteristics of the metal surface obtained as a result of the applied regeneration process were carried out. The indicator of the total exposure to substances present in the deposit formed during production was determined, both before (0.045) and after the introduction of the new technology (100). The economic analysis of the planned project based on the new technology showed that the implementation of the presented method of wastewater treatment allows for obtaining significant benefits, both financial and environmental. The analyses performed can be a valuable source of information on how to reduce the impact environment during the production of integrated circuit boards, as well as on the possibilities of obtaining less expensive materials in the form of secondary raw materials.

AbstractThe article describes the process of deep aerobic mineralization of activated sludge in municipal wastewater treatment plants using a complex of aerobic heterotrophic and autotrophic microorganisms, including denitrifiers.