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  • Energy Research

  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Zhang, YongZhi; Xiong, Rui; He, HongWen; Shen, Weixiang;

    An adaptive H infinity filter approach is proposed to estimate the multistates including state of charge (SOC) and state of energy (SOE) for a lithium-ion battery pack. In the proposed approach, the covariance matching technique is used to adaptively update the covariance of system and observation noises and the recursive least square method is used to identify the battery model parameters in real time. The hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) platform for battery charge/discharge is set up to evaluate the accuracy and robustness of the SOC and the SOE estimation and compare the proposed approach with the multistate estimators using an extended Kalman filter and an H infinity filter. The experimental results indicate that the adaptive H infinity filter-based estimator is able to estimate the battery states in real time with the highest accuracy among the three filters.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao IEEE Transactions on...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics
    Article . 2017 . Peer-reviewed
    License: IEEE Copyright
    Data sources: Crossref
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao IEEE Transactions on...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics
      Article . 2017 . Peer-reviewed
      License: IEEE Copyright
      Data sources: Crossref
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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Zhang, YongZhi; Xiong, Rui; He, HongWen; Shen, Weixiang;

    An adaptive H infinity filter approach is proposed to estimate the multistates including state of charge (SOC) and state of energy (SOE) for a lithium-ion battery pack. In the proposed approach, the covariance matching technique is used to adaptively update the covariance of system and observation noises and the recursive least square method is used to identify the battery model parameters in real time. The hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) platform for battery charge/discharge is set up to evaluate the accuracy and robustness of the SOC and the SOE estimation and compare the proposed approach with the multistate estimators using an extended Kalman filter and an H infinity filter. The experimental results indicate that the adaptive H infinity filter-based estimator is able to estimate the battery states in real time with the highest accuracy among the three filters.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao IEEE Transactions on...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics
    Article . 2017 . Peer-reviewed
    License: IEEE Copyright
    Data sources: Crossref
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao IEEE Transactions on...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics
      Article . 2017 . Peer-reviewed
      License: IEEE Copyright
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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Tian, Jinpeng; Xiong, Rui; Shen, Weixiang; Lu, Jiahuan;

    Abstract State of charge (SOC) estimation constitutes a critical task of battery management systems. Conventional SOC estimation methods designed for dynamic profiles have difficulties in estimating SOC for LiFePO4 batteries due to their flat open circuit voltage characteristics in the middle range of SOC. In this study, a deep neural network (DNN) based method is proposed to estimate SOC with only 10-min charging voltage and current data as the input. This method enables fast and accurate SOC estimation with an error of less than 2.03% over the entire battery SOC range. Thus, it can be used to calibrate the SOC estimation for the Ampere-hour counting method. We also demonstrate that by incorporating the DNN into a Kalman filter, the robustness of SOC estimation against random noises and error spikes can be improved. In the case of significant disturbances, the method still maintains a root mean square error of 0.385%. Moreover, the trained DNN can quickly adapt to various scenarios, including different ageing states and battery types charged at different rates, thanks to the transfer learning nature. Compared with developing a new DNN, transfer learning can provide more accurate estimation results at less training costs. By only fine-tuning one layer of the pre-trained DNN, the root mean square error can be less than 3.146% and 2.315% for aged batteries and different battery types, respectively. When more layers are fine-tuned, superior performance can be achieved.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Applied Energyarrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Applied Energy
    Article . 2021 . Peer-reviewed
    License: Elsevier TDM
    Data sources: Crossref
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    228
    citations228
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Applied Energyarrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Applied Energy
      Article . 2021 . Peer-reviewed
      License: Elsevier TDM
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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Tian, Jinpeng; Xiong, Rui; Shen, Weixiang; Lu, Jiahuan;

    Abstract State of charge (SOC) estimation constitutes a critical task of battery management systems. Conventional SOC estimation methods designed for dynamic profiles have difficulties in estimating SOC for LiFePO4 batteries due to their flat open circuit voltage characteristics in the middle range of SOC. In this study, a deep neural network (DNN) based method is proposed to estimate SOC with only 10-min charging voltage and current data as the input. This method enables fast and accurate SOC estimation with an error of less than 2.03% over the entire battery SOC range. Thus, it can be used to calibrate the SOC estimation for the Ampere-hour counting method. We also demonstrate that by incorporating the DNN into a Kalman filter, the robustness of SOC estimation against random noises and error spikes can be improved. In the case of significant disturbances, the method still maintains a root mean square error of 0.385%. Moreover, the trained DNN can quickly adapt to various scenarios, including different ageing states and battery types charged at different rates, thanks to the transfer learning nature. Compared with developing a new DNN, transfer learning can provide more accurate estimation results at less training costs. By only fine-tuning one layer of the pre-trained DNN, the root mean square error can be less than 3.146% and 2.315% for aged batteries and different battery types, respectively. When more layers are fine-tuned, superior performance can be achieved.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Applied Energyarrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Applied Energy
    Article . 2021 . Peer-reviewed
    License: Elsevier TDM
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    228
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Applied Energyarrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Applied Energy
      Article . 2021 . Peer-reviewed
      License: Elsevier TDM
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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Xiong, Rui; Huang, Jintao; Duan, Yanzhou; Shen, Weixiang;

    Battery model is the basis of battery efficient and safe management. The widely used equivalent circuit model (ECM) generally shows poor behavior in predicting battery terminal voltage at low sate of charge (SOC), increasing the risk in the urgent use of a battery at low voltage greatly. To model strong nonlinearity of battery open circuit voltage (OCV), a solid-phase diffusion equation based surface SOC is proposed to characterize OCV behavior and establish the new structure of the enhanced ECM to describe low SOC behavior more precisely. Finally, a battery test platform was built to conduct battery tests for model validation. The results show that the root mean square error (RMSE) of the battery terminal voltage obtained from the proposed model at low SOC has been reduced to 8 mV compared with the RMSE of 17 mV from the traditional ECM model. It is expected that the proposed model can be employed in battery management systems to effectively improve the reliability and safety of emergency use of a battery at low SOC.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Applied Energyarrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Applied Energy
    Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
    License: Elsevier TDM
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    40
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Applied Energyarrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Applied Energy
      Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
      License: Elsevier TDM
      Data sources: Crossref
      addClaim

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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Xiong, Rui; Huang, Jintao; Duan, Yanzhou; Shen, Weixiang;

    Battery model is the basis of battery efficient and safe management. The widely used equivalent circuit model (ECM) generally shows poor behavior in predicting battery terminal voltage at low sate of charge (SOC), increasing the risk in the urgent use of a battery at low voltage greatly. To model strong nonlinearity of battery open circuit voltage (OCV), a solid-phase diffusion equation based surface SOC is proposed to characterize OCV behavior and establish the new structure of the enhanced ECM to describe low SOC behavior more precisely. Finally, a battery test platform was built to conduct battery tests for model validation. The results show that the root mean square error (RMSE) of the battery terminal voltage obtained from the proposed model at low SOC has been reduced to 8 mV compared with the RMSE of 17 mV from the traditional ECM model. It is expected that the proposed model can be employed in battery management systems to effectively improve the reliability and safety of emergency use of a battery at low SOC.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Applied Energyarrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Applied Energy
    Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
    License: Elsevier TDM
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Applied Energyarrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Applied Energy
      Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
      License: Elsevier TDM
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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Qian Lin; Jun Wang; Rui Xiong; Weixiang Shen; +1 Authors

    Abstract Automotive electrification is a main source of demand for lithium ion batteries. Performances of battery charging directly affect consumers' recognition and acceptability of electric vehicles. Study on optimized charging methods is vital for future development of a smarter battery management system and an intelligent electric vehicle. This paper starts from introducing the working principles and existing problems of simple charging methods and then elaborating various optimized charging methods along with their characteristics and applications. It demonstrates that the optimized charging methods can reduce charging time, improve charging performance and extend battery life cycle comparing with conventional charging methods. At the end, this paper also provides a four-step pathway towards the design of an optimal charging method of Li-ion batteries: determine optimization objectives, establish optimization scheme, develop matching design and implement and promote the optimal charging method.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Energyarrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Energy
    Article . 2019 . Peer-reviewed
    License: Elsevier TDM
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Energyarrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Energy
      Article . 2019 . Peer-reviewed
      License: Elsevier TDM
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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Qian Lin; Jun Wang; Rui Xiong; Weixiang Shen; +1 Authors

    Abstract Automotive electrification is a main source of demand for lithium ion batteries. Performances of battery charging directly affect consumers' recognition and acceptability of electric vehicles. Study on optimized charging methods is vital for future development of a smarter battery management system and an intelligent electric vehicle. This paper starts from introducing the working principles and existing problems of simple charging methods and then elaborating various optimized charging methods along with their characteristics and applications. It demonstrates that the optimized charging methods can reduce charging time, improve charging performance and extend battery life cycle comparing with conventional charging methods. At the end, this paper also provides a four-step pathway towards the design of an optimal charging method of Li-ion batteries: determine optimization objectives, establish optimization scheme, develop matching design and implement and promote the optimal charging method.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Energyarrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Energy
    Article . 2019 . Peer-reviewed
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Energyarrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Energy
      Article . 2019 . Peer-reviewed
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  • Authors: Thanh Tu Vo; Weixiang Shen; Xiaopeng Chen; Ajay Kapoor; +1 Authors

    Environmental issues triggered by emissions from conventional vehicles have accelerated the adaptation of electric vehicles (EVs) for urban transportation. The most favorable battery technology which can closely fulfill the minimum goals of the United States Advanced Battery Consortium (USABC) for commercialisation of EVs are the lithium-ion batteries. Although there are various types of lithium-ion batteries have been widely used to power the EVs, the performance characteristics of these batteries are not clearly specified in a more comparable way. Therefore, this paper reviews four types of commonly used lithium-ion batteries and based on their specifications analysis to access capabilities and suitability as the energy source in EVs. Results can be used as benchmarks for selecting lithium-ion batteries for battery management system (BMS) design in EVs.

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  • Authors: Thanh Tu Vo; Weixiang Shen; Xiaopeng Chen; Ajay Kapoor; +1 Authors

    Environmental issues triggered by emissions from conventional vehicles have accelerated the adaptation of electric vehicles (EVs) for urban transportation. The most favorable battery technology which can closely fulfill the minimum goals of the United States Advanced Battery Consortium (USABC) for commercialisation of EVs are the lithium-ion batteries. Although there are various types of lithium-ion batteries have been widely used to power the EVs, the performance characteristics of these batteries are not clearly specified in a more comparable way. Therefore, this paper reviews four types of commonly used lithium-ion batteries and based on their specifications analysis to access capabilities and suitability as the energy source in EVs. Results can be used as benchmarks for selecting lithium-ion batteries for battery management system (BMS) design in EVs.

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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Ruohan Guo; Cungang Hu; Weixiang Shen;

    State of power (SOP) reflects the peak power capability of a lithium-ion battery (LIB). Constant power (CP) operation (e.g., discharge or charge) is more representative of actual battery loadings in electric vehicle (EV) applications (e.g., EV acceleration, gradient climbing and regenerative braking) than constant current or constant voltage operation. However, relevant research on CP-based SOP estimation for LIBs in EVs is still rare. In this article, a novel model switching-based iterative algorithm is proposed for multi-constraint SOP estimation under a CP operation scenario. Two state-space models with implicit representations are constructed to describe the indirect relationships between a given CP over a prediction window and the maximum look-ahead current/voltage at the end of this window. An unscented Kalman filter-based correction strategy is applied to determine the dominant limitation factor so as to pinpoint battery SOP in high fidelity. Moreover, a SOP testing approach is designed to calibrate reference SOPs in high precision for validations. Experimental results have demonstrated that the proposed method achieves promising accuracy with a mean absolute error of less than 0.26 W under both static and dynamic conditions.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao IEEE Transactions on...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology
    Article . 2024 . Peer-reviewed
    License: IEEE Copyright
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao IEEE Transactions on...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology
      Article . 2024 . Peer-reviewed
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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Ruohan Guo; Cungang Hu; Weixiang Shen;

    State of power (SOP) reflects the peak power capability of a lithium-ion battery (LIB). Constant power (CP) operation (e.g., discharge or charge) is more representative of actual battery loadings in electric vehicle (EV) applications (e.g., EV acceleration, gradient climbing and regenerative braking) than constant current or constant voltage operation. However, relevant research on CP-based SOP estimation for LIBs in EVs is still rare. In this article, a novel model switching-based iterative algorithm is proposed for multi-constraint SOP estimation under a CP operation scenario. Two state-space models with implicit representations are constructed to describe the indirect relationships between a given CP over a prediction window and the maximum look-ahead current/voltage at the end of this window. An unscented Kalman filter-based correction strategy is applied to determine the dominant limitation factor so as to pinpoint battery SOP in high fidelity. Moreover, a SOP testing approach is designed to calibrate reference SOPs in high precision for validations. Experimental results have demonstrated that the proposed method achieves promising accuracy with a mean absolute error of less than 0.26 W under both static and dynamic conditions.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao IEEE Transactions on...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology
    Article . 2024 . Peer-reviewed
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao IEEE Transactions on...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology
      Article . 2024 . Peer-reviewed
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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Ruohan Guo; Weixiang Shen;

    In this article, a fractional-order model (FOM)-based online state of charge (SOC) and state of power (SOP) estimation method is proposed for lithium-ion batteries in electric vehicles. First, the model parameters of a second-order FOM are globally optimized under the dynamic stress test profile, where two resistor-constant phase element networks are recognized to represent battery internal dynamics at different timescales. Second, to enhance the model performance in SOC and SOP estimation, a partial-adaptive FOM (PA-FOM) is realized by fixing the parameters of the first resistor-constant phase element network with slow dynamics while allowing the online adaption of the second resistor-constant phase element network with fast dynamics. Based on the PA-FOM, online SOC estimation is implemented using an adaptive extended Kalman filter algorithm while an unscented Kalman filter-based iterative approaching algorithm is devised to estimate SOP. The proposed method is validated under different EV driving profiles. The experimental results show that the PA-FOM has an outstanding performance in interpreting battery dynamics at different timescales and the proposed SOC and SOP estimation method is highly accurate and efficient.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao IEEE Transactions on...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics
    Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
    License: IEEE Copyright
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao IEEE Transactions on...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics
      Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Ruohan Guo; Weixiang Shen;

    In this article, a fractional-order model (FOM)-based online state of charge (SOC) and state of power (SOP) estimation method is proposed for lithium-ion batteries in electric vehicles. First, the model parameters of a second-order FOM are globally optimized under the dynamic stress test profile, where two resistor-constant phase element networks are recognized to represent battery internal dynamics at different timescales. Second, to enhance the model performance in SOC and SOP estimation, a partial-adaptive FOM (PA-FOM) is realized by fixing the parameters of the first resistor-constant phase element network with slow dynamics while allowing the online adaption of the second resistor-constant phase element network with fast dynamics. Based on the PA-FOM, online SOC estimation is implemented using an adaptive extended Kalman filter algorithm while an unscented Kalman filter-based iterative approaching algorithm is devised to estimate SOP. The proposed method is validated under different EV driving profiles. The experimental results show that the PA-FOM has an outstanding performance in interpreting battery dynamics at different timescales and the proposed SOC and SOP estimation method is highly accurate and efficient.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao IEEE Transactions on...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics
    Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao IEEE Transactions on...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics
      Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Xiong, Rui; Pan, Yue; Shen, Weixiang; Li, Hailong; +1 Authors

    Abstract Lithium-ion batteries decay every time as it is used. Aging-induced degradation is unlikely to be eliminated. The aging mechanisms of lithium-ion batteries are manifold and complicated which are strongly linked to many interactive factors, such as battery types, electrochemical reaction stages, and operating conditions. In this paper, we systematically summarize mechanisms and diagnosis of lithium-ion battery aging. Regarding the aging mechanism, effects of different internal side reactions on lithium-ion battery degradation are discussed based on the anode, cathode, and other battery structures. The influence of different external factors on the aging mechanism is explained, in which temperature can exert the greatest impact compared to other external factors. As for aging diagnosis, three widely-used methods are discussed: disassembly-based post-mortem analysis, curve-based analysis, and model-based analysis. Generally, the post-mortem analysis is employed for cross-validation while the curve-based analysis and the model-based analysis provide quantitative analysis. The challenges in the use of quantitative diagnosis and on-board diagnosis on battery aging are also discussed, based on which insights are provided for developing online battery aging diagnosis and battery health management in the next generation of intelligent battery management systems (BMSs).

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Renewable and Sustai...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews
    Article . 2020 . Peer-reviewed
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Renewable and Sustai...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews
      Article . 2020 . Peer-reviewed
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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Xiong, Rui; Pan, Yue; Shen, Weixiang; Li, Hailong; +1 Authors

    Abstract Lithium-ion batteries decay every time as it is used. Aging-induced degradation is unlikely to be eliminated. The aging mechanisms of lithium-ion batteries are manifold and complicated which are strongly linked to many interactive factors, such as battery types, electrochemical reaction stages, and operating conditions. In this paper, we systematically summarize mechanisms and diagnosis of lithium-ion battery aging. Regarding the aging mechanism, effects of different internal side reactions on lithium-ion battery degradation are discussed based on the anode, cathode, and other battery structures. The influence of different external factors on the aging mechanism is explained, in which temperature can exert the greatest impact compared to other external factors. As for aging diagnosis, three widely-used methods are discussed: disassembly-based post-mortem analysis, curve-based analysis, and model-based analysis. Generally, the post-mortem analysis is employed for cross-validation while the curve-based analysis and the model-based analysis provide quantitative analysis. The challenges in the use of quantitative diagnosis and on-board diagnosis on battery aging are also discussed, based on which insights are provided for developing online battery aging diagnosis and battery health management in the next generation of intelligent battery management systems (BMSs).

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Renewable and Sustai...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews
    Article . 2020 . Peer-reviewed
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Renewable and Sustai...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews
      Article . 2020 . Peer-reviewed
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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Arora, Shashank; Shen, Weixiang; Kapoor, Ajay;

    Abstract In an electric vehicle (EV), thermal runaway, vibration or vehicle impact can lead to a potential failure of lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery packs due to their high sensitivity to ambient temperature, pressure and dynamic mechanical loads. Amongst several factors, safety and reliability of battery packs present the highest challenges to large scale electrification of public and private transportation sectors. This paper reviews mechanical design features that can address these issues. More than 75 sources including scientific and technical literature and particularly 43 US Patents are studied. The study illustrates through examples that simple mechanical features can be integrated into battery packaging design to minimise the probability of failure and mitigate the aforementioned safety risks. Furthermore, the key components of a robust battery pack have been closely studied and the materials have been identified to design these components and to meet their functional requirements. Strategic battery pack placement technique is also discussed using an example of Nissan LEAF battery packaging design. Finally, the disclosed design solutions described in this paper are compared with the Chevrolet Volt battery pack design to reveal the basic mechanical design requirements for a robust and reliable battery packaging system.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Renewable and Sustai...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews
    Article . 2016 . Peer-reviewed
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Renewable and Sustai...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews
      Article . 2016 . Peer-reviewed
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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Arora, Shashank; Shen, Weixiang; Kapoor, Ajay;

    Abstract In an electric vehicle (EV), thermal runaway, vibration or vehicle impact can lead to a potential failure of lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery packs due to their high sensitivity to ambient temperature, pressure and dynamic mechanical loads. Amongst several factors, safety and reliability of battery packs present the highest challenges to large scale electrification of public and private transportation sectors. This paper reviews mechanical design features that can address these issues. More than 75 sources including scientific and technical literature and particularly 43 US Patents are studied. The study illustrates through examples that simple mechanical features can be integrated into battery packaging design to minimise the probability of failure and mitigate the aforementioned safety risks. Furthermore, the key components of a robust battery pack have been closely studied and the materials have been identified to design these components and to meet their functional requirements. Strategic battery pack placement technique is also discussed using an example of Nissan LEAF battery packaging design. Finally, the disclosed design solutions described in this paper are compared with the Chevrolet Volt battery pack design to reveal the basic mechanical design requirements for a robust and reliable battery packaging system.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Renewable and Sustai...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews
    Article . 2016 . Peer-reviewed
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Renewable and Sustai...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews
      Article . 2016 . Peer-reviewed
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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Arora, Shashank; Kapoor, Ajay; Shen, Weixiang;

    Abstract Parasitic load, which describes electrical energy consumed by battery thermal management system (TMS), is an important design criterion for battery packs. Passive TMSs using phase change materials (PCMs) are thus generating much interest. However, PCMs suffer from low thermal conductivities. Most current thermal conductivity enhancement techniques involve addition of foreign particles to PCMs. Adding foreign particles increases effective thermal conductivity of PCM-systems but at expense of their latent heat capacity. This paper presents an alternate approach for improving thermal performance of PCM-based TMSs. The introduced technique involves placing battery cells in a vertically inverted position within the battery-pack. It is demonstrated through experiments that inverted cell-layout facilitates build-up of convection current in the pack, which in turn minimises thermal variations within the PCM matrix by enabling PCM mass transfer between the top and the bottom regions of the battery pack. The proposed system is found capable of maintaining tight control over battery cell temperature even during abusive usage, defined as high-rate repetitive cycling with minimal rest periods. In addition, this novel TMS can recover waste heat from PCM-matrix through thermoelectric devices, thereby resulting in a negative parasitic load for TMS.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Journal of Power Sou...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Journal of Power Sources
    Article . 2018 . Peer-reviewed
    License: Elsevier TDM
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Journal of Power Sou...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Journal of Power Sources
      Article . 2018 . Peer-reviewed
      License: Elsevier TDM
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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Arora, Shashank; Kapoor, Ajay; Shen, Weixiang;

    Abstract Parasitic load, which describes electrical energy consumed by battery thermal management system (TMS), is an important design criterion for battery packs. Passive TMSs using phase change materials (PCMs) are thus generating much interest. However, PCMs suffer from low thermal conductivities. Most current thermal conductivity enhancement techniques involve addition of foreign particles to PCMs. Adding foreign particles increases effective thermal conductivity of PCM-systems but at expense of their latent heat capacity. This paper presents an alternate approach for improving thermal performance of PCM-based TMSs. The introduced technique involves placing battery cells in a vertically inverted position within the battery-pack. It is demonstrated through experiments that inverted cell-layout facilitates build-up of convection current in the pack, which in turn minimises thermal variations within the PCM matrix by enabling PCM mass transfer between the top and the bottom regions of the battery pack. The proposed system is found capable of maintaining tight control over battery cell temperature even during abusive usage, defined as high-rate repetitive cycling with minimal rest periods. In addition, this novel TMS can recover waste heat from PCM-matrix through thermoelectric devices, thereby resulting in a negative parasitic load for TMS.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Journal of Power Sou...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Journal of Power Sources
    Article . 2018 . Peer-reviewed
    License: Elsevier TDM
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Journal of Power Sou...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Journal of Power Sources
      Article . 2018 . Peer-reviewed
      License: Elsevier TDM
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72 Research products (1 rule applied)
  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Zhang, YongZhi; Xiong, Rui; He, HongWen; Shen, Weixiang;

    An adaptive H infinity filter approach is proposed to estimate the multistates including state of charge (SOC) and state of energy (SOE) for a lithium-ion battery pack. In the proposed approach, the covariance matching technique is used to adaptively update the covariance of system and observation noises and the recursive least square method is used to identify the battery model parameters in real time. The hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) platform for battery charge/discharge is set up to evaluate the accuracy and robustness of the SOC and the SOE estimation and compare the proposed approach with the multistate estimators using an extended Kalman filter and an H infinity filter. The experimental results indicate that the adaptive H infinity filter-based estimator is able to estimate the battery states in real time with the highest accuracy among the three filters.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao IEEE Transactions on...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics
    Article . 2017 . Peer-reviewed
    License: IEEE Copyright
    Data sources: Crossref
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    197
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao IEEE Transactions on...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics
      Article . 2017 . Peer-reviewed
      License: IEEE Copyright
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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Zhang, YongZhi; Xiong, Rui; He, HongWen; Shen, Weixiang;

    An adaptive H infinity filter approach is proposed to estimate the multistates including state of charge (SOC) and state of energy (SOE) for a lithium-ion battery pack. In the proposed approach, the covariance matching technique is used to adaptively update the covariance of system and observation noises and the recursive least square method is used to identify the battery model parameters in real time. The hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) platform for battery charge/discharge is set up to evaluate the accuracy and robustness of the SOC and the SOE estimation and compare the proposed approach with the multistate estimators using an extended Kalman filter and an H infinity filter. The experimental results indicate that the adaptive H infinity filter-based estimator is able to estimate the battery states in real time with the highest accuracy among the three filters.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao IEEE Transactions on...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics
    Article . 2017 . Peer-reviewed
    License: IEEE Copyright
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    197
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao IEEE Transactions on...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics
      Article . 2017 . Peer-reviewed
      License: IEEE Copyright
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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Tian, Jinpeng; Xiong, Rui; Shen, Weixiang; Lu, Jiahuan;

    Abstract State of charge (SOC) estimation constitutes a critical task of battery management systems. Conventional SOC estimation methods designed for dynamic profiles have difficulties in estimating SOC for LiFePO4 batteries due to their flat open circuit voltage characteristics in the middle range of SOC. In this study, a deep neural network (DNN) based method is proposed to estimate SOC with only 10-min charging voltage and current data as the input. This method enables fast and accurate SOC estimation with an error of less than 2.03% over the entire battery SOC range. Thus, it can be used to calibrate the SOC estimation for the Ampere-hour counting method. We also demonstrate that by incorporating the DNN into a Kalman filter, the robustness of SOC estimation against random noises and error spikes can be improved. In the case of significant disturbances, the method still maintains a root mean square error of 0.385%. Moreover, the trained DNN can quickly adapt to various scenarios, including different ageing states and battery types charged at different rates, thanks to the transfer learning nature. Compared with developing a new DNN, transfer learning can provide more accurate estimation results at less training costs. By only fine-tuning one layer of the pre-trained DNN, the root mean square error can be less than 3.146% and 2.315% for aged batteries and different battery types, respectively. When more layers are fine-tuned, superior performance can be achieved.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Applied Energyarrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Applied Energy
    Article . 2021 . Peer-reviewed
    License: Elsevier TDM
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    228
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Applied Energyarrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Applied Energy
      Article . 2021 . Peer-reviewed
      License: Elsevier TDM
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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Tian, Jinpeng; Xiong, Rui; Shen, Weixiang; Lu, Jiahuan;

    Abstract State of charge (SOC) estimation constitutes a critical task of battery management systems. Conventional SOC estimation methods designed for dynamic profiles have difficulties in estimating SOC for LiFePO4 batteries due to their flat open circuit voltage characteristics in the middle range of SOC. In this study, a deep neural network (DNN) based method is proposed to estimate SOC with only 10-min charging voltage and current data as the input. This method enables fast and accurate SOC estimation with an error of less than 2.03% over the entire battery SOC range. Thus, it can be used to calibrate the SOC estimation for the Ampere-hour counting method. We also demonstrate that by incorporating the DNN into a Kalman filter, the robustness of SOC estimation against random noises and error spikes can be improved. In the case of significant disturbances, the method still maintains a root mean square error of 0.385%. Moreover, the trained DNN can quickly adapt to various scenarios, including different ageing states and battery types charged at different rates, thanks to the transfer learning nature. Compared with developing a new DNN, transfer learning can provide more accurate estimation results at less training costs. By only fine-tuning one layer of the pre-trained DNN, the root mean square error can be less than 3.146% and 2.315% for aged batteries and different battery types, respectively. When more layers are fine-tuned, superior performance can be achieved.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Applied Energyarrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Applied Energy
    Article . 2021 . Peer-reviewed
    License: Elsevier TDM
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    228
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Applied Energyarrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Applied Energy
      Article . 2021 . Peer-reviewed
      License: Elsevier TDM
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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Xiong, Rui; Huang, Jintao; Duan, Yanzhou; Shen, Weixiang;

    Battery model is the basis of battery efficient and safe management. The widely used equivalent circuit model (ECM) generally shows poor behavior in predicting battery terminal voltage at low sate of charge (SOC), increasing the risk in the urgent use of a battery at low voltage greatly. To model strong nonlinearity of battery open circuit voltage (OCV), a solid-phase diffusion equation based surface SOC is proposed to characterize OCV behavior and establish the new structure of the enhanced ECM to describe low SOC behavior more precisely. Finally, a battery test platform was built to conduct battery tests for model validation. The results show that the root mean square error (RMSE) of the battery terminal voltage obtained from the proposed model at low SOC has been reduced to 8 mV compared with the RMSE of 17 mV from the traditional ECM model. It is expected that the proposed model can be employed in battery management systems to effectively improve the reliability and safety of emergency use of a battery at low SOC.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Applied Energyarrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Applied Energy
    Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
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    40
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Applied Energyarrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Applied Energy
      Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Xiong, Rui; Huang, Jintao; Duan, Yanzhou; Shen, Weixiang;

    Battery model is the basis of battery efficient and safe management. The widely used equivalent circuit model (ECM) generally shows poor behavior in predicting battery terminal voltage at low sate of charge (SOC), increasing the risk in the urgent use of a battery at low voltage greatly. To model strong nonlinearity of battery open circuit voltage (OCV), a solid-phase diffusion equation based surface SOC is proposed to characterize OCV behavior and establish the new structure of the enhanced ECM to describe low SOC behavior more precisely. Finally, a battery test platform was built to conduct battery tests for model validation. The results show that the root mean square error (RMSE) of the battery terminal voltage obtained from the proposed model at low SOC has been reduced to 8 mV compared with the RMSE of 17 mV from the traditional ECM model. It is expected that the proposed model can be employed in battery management systems to effectively improve the reliability and safety of emergency use of a battery at low SOC.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Applied Energyarrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Applied Energy
    Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Applied Energyarrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Applied Energy
      Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Qian Lin; Jun Wang; Rui Xiong; Weixiang Shen; +1 Authors

    Abstract Automotive electrification is a main source of demand for lithium ion batteries. Performances of battery charging directly affect consumers' recognition and acceptability of electric vehicles. Study on optimized charging methods is vital for future development of a smarter battery management system and an intelligent electric vehicle. This paper starts from introducing the working principles and existing problems of simple charging methods and then elaborating various optimized charging methods along with their characteristics and applications. It demonstrates that the optimized charging methods can reduce charging time, improve charging performance and extend battery life cycle comparing with conventional charging methods. At the end, this paper also provides a four-step pathway towards the design of an optimal charging method of Li-ion batteries: determine optimization objectives, establish optimization scheme, develop matching design and implement and promote the optimal charging method.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Energyarrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Energy
    Article . 2019 . Peer-reviewed
    License: Elsevier TDM
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    189
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Energy
      Article . 2019 . Peer-reviewed
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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Qian Lin; Jun Wang; Rui Xiong; Weixiang Shen; +1 Authors

    Abstract Automotive electrification is a main source of demand for lithium ion batteries. Performances of battery charging directly affect consumers' recognition and acceptability of electric vehicles. Study on optimized charging methods is vital for future development of a smarter battery management system and an intelligent electric vehicle. This paper starts from introducing the working principles and existing problems of simple charging methods and then elaborating various optimized charging methods along with their characteristics and applications. It demonstrates that the optimized charging methods can reduce charging time, improve charging performance and extend battery life cycle comparing with conventional charging methods. At the end, this paper also provides a four-step pathway towards the design of an optimal charging method of Li-ion batteries: determine optimization objectives, establish optimization scheme, develop matching design and implement and promote the optimal charging method.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Energyarrow_drop_down
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    Energy
    Article . 2019 . Peer-reviewed
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Energy
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  • Authors: Thanh Tu Vo; Weixiang Shen; Xiaopeng Chen; Ajay Kapoor; +1 Authors

    Environmental issues triggered by emissions from conventional vehicles have accelerated the adaptation of electric vehicles (EVs) for urban transportation. The most favorable battery technology which can closely fulfill the minimum goals of the United States Advanced Battery Consortium (USABC) for commercialisation of EVs are the lithium-ion batteries. Although there are various types of lithium-ion batteries have been widely used to power the EVs, the performance characteristics of these batteries are not clearly specified in a more comparable way. Therefore, this paper reviews four types of commonly used lithium-ion batteries and based on their specifications analysis to access capabilities and suitability as the energy source in EVs. Results can be used as benchmarks for selecting lithium-ion batteries for battery management system (BMS) design in EVs.

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  • Authors: Thanh Tu Vo; Weixiang Shen; Xiaopeng Chen; Ajay Kapoor; +1 Authors

    Environmental issues triggered by emissions from conventional vehicles have accelerated the adaptation of electric vehicles (EVs) for urban transportation. The most favorable battery technology which can closely fulfill the minimum goals of the United States Advanced Battery Consortium (USABC) for commercialisation of EVs are the lithium-ion batteries. Although there are various types of lithium-ion batteries have been widely used to power the EVs, the performance characteristics of these batteries are not clearly specified in a more comparable way. Therefore, this paper reviews four types of commonly used lithium-ion batteries and based on their specifications analysis to access capabilities and suitability as the energy source in EVs. Results can be used as benchmarks for selecting lithium-ion batteries for battery management system (BMS) design in EVs.

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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Ruohan Guo; Cungang Hu; Weixiang Shen;

    State of power (SOP) reflects the peak power capability of a lithium-ion battery (LIB). Constant power (CP) operation (e.g., discharge or charge) is more representative of actual battery loadings in electric vehicle (EV) applications (e.g., EV acceleration, gradient climbing and regenerative braking) than constant current or constant voltage operation. However, relevant research on CP-based SOP estimation for LIBs in EVs is still rare. In this article, a novel model switching-based iterative algorithm is proposed for multi-constraint SOP estimation under a CP operation scenario. Two state-space models with implicit representations are constructed to describe the indirect relationships between a given CP over a prediction window and the maximum look-ahead current/voltage at the end of this window. An unscented Kalman filter-based correction strategy is applied to determine the dominant limitation factor so as to pinpoint battery SOP in high fidelity. Moreover, a SOP testing approach is designed to calibrate reference SOPs in high precision for validations. Experimental results have demonstrated that the proposed method achieves promising accuracy with a mean absolute error of less than 0.26 W under both static and dynamic conditions.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao IEEE Transactions on...arrow_drop_down
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    IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology
    Article . 2024 . Peer-reviewed
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      IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology
      Article . 2024 . Peer-reviewed
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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Ruohan Guo; Cungang Hu; Weixiang Shen;

    State of power (SOP) reflects the peak power capability of a lithium-ion battery (LIB). Constant power (CP) operation (e.g., discharge or charge) is more representative of actual battery loadings in electric vehicle (EV) applications (e.g., EV acceleration, gradient climbing and regenerative braking) than constant current or constant voltage operation. However, relevant research on CP-based SOP estimation for LIBs in EVs is still rare. In this article, a novel model switching-based iterative algorithm is proposed for multi-constraint SOP estimation under a CP operation scenario. Two state-space models with implicit representations are constructed to describe the indirect relationships between a given CP over a prediction window and the maximum look-ahead current/voltage at the end of this window. An unscented Kalman filter-based correction strategy is applied to determine the dominant limitation factor so as to pinpoint battery SOP in high fidelity. Moreover, a SOP testing approach is designed to calibrate reference SOPs in high precision for validations. Experimental results have demonstrated that the proposed method achieves promising accuracy with a mean absolute error of less than 0.26 W under both static and dynamic conditions.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao IEEE Transactions on...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology
    Article . 2024 . Peer-reviewed
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology
      Article . 2024 . Peer-reviewed
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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Ruohan Guo; Weixiang Shen;

    In this article, a fractional-order model (FOM)-based online state of charge (SOC) and state of power (SOP) estimation method is proposed for lithium-ion batteries in electric vehicles. First, the model parameters of a second-order FOM are globally optimized under the dynamic stress test profile, where two resistor-constant phase element networks are recognized to represent battery internal dynamics at different timescales. Second, to enhance the model performance in SOC and SOP estimation, a partial-adaptive FOM (PA-FOM) is realized by fixing the parameters of the first resistor-constant phase element network with slow dynamics while allowing the online adaption of the second resistor-constant phase element network with fast dynamics. Based on the PA-FOM, online SOC estimation is implemented using an adaptive extended Kalman filter algorithm while an unscented Kalman filter-based iterative approaching algorithm is devised to estimate SOP. The proposed method is validated under different EV driving profiles. The experimental results show that the PA-FOM has an outstanding performance in interpreting battery dynamics at different timescales and the proposed SOC and SOP estimation method is highly accurate and efficient.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao IEEE Transactions on...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics
    Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics
      Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Ruohan Guo; Weixiang Shen;

    In this article, a fractional-order model (FOM)-based online state of charge (SOC) and state of power (SOP) estimation method is proposed for lithium-ion batteries in electric vehicles. First, the model parameters of a second-order FOM are globally optimized under the dynamic stress test profile, where two resistor-constant phase element networks are recognized to represent battery internal dynamics at different timescales. Second, to enhance the model performance in SOC and SOP estimation, a partial-adaptive FOM (PA-FOM) is realized by fixing the parameters of the first resistor-constant phase element network with slow dynamics while allowing the online adaption of the second resistor-constant phase element network with fast dynamics. Based on the PA-FOM, online SOC estimation is implemented using an adaptive extended Kalman filter algorithm while an unscented Kalman filter-based iterative approaching algorithm is devised to estimate SOP. The proposed method is validated under different EV driving profiles. The experimental results show that the PA-FOM has an outstanding performance in interpreting battery dynamics at different timescales and the proposed SOC and SOP estimation method is highly accurate and efficient.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao IEEE Transactions on...arrow_drop_down
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    IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics
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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Xiong, Rui; Pan, Yue; Shen, Weixiang; Li, Hailong; +1 Authors

    Abstract Lithium-ion batteries decay every time as it is used. Aging-induced degradation is unlikely to be eliminated. The aging mechanisms of lithium-ion batteries are manifold and complicated which are strongly linked to many interactive factors, such as battery types, electrochemical reaction stages, and operating conditions. In this paper, we systematically summarize mechanisms and diagnosis of lithium-ion battery aging. Regarding the aging mechanism, effects of different internal side reactions on lithium-ion battery degradation are discussed based on the anode, cathode, and other battery structures. The influence of different external factors on the aging mechanism is explained, in which temperature can exert the greatest impact compared to other external factors. As for aging diagnosis, three widely-used methods are discussed: disassembly-based post-mortem analysis, curve-based analysis, and model-based analysis. Generally, the post-mortem analysis is employed for cross-validation while the curve-based analysis and the model-based analysis provide quantitative analysis. The challenges in the use of quantitative diagnosis and on-board diagnosis on battery aging are also discussed, based on which insights are provided for developing online battery aging diagnosis and battery health management in the next generation of intelligent battery management systems (BMSs).

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Renewable and Sustai...arrow_drop_down
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    Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews
    Article . 2020 . Peer-reviewed
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews
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    Authors: Xiong, Rui; Pan, Yue; Shen, Weixiang; Li, Hailong; +1 Authors

    Abstract Lithium-ion batteries decay every time as it is used. Aging-induced degradation is unlikely to be eliminated. The aging mechanisms of lithium-ion batteries are manifold and complicated which are strongly linked to many interactive factors, such as battery types, electrochemical reaction stages, and operating conditions. In this paper, we systematically summarize mechanisms and diagnosis of lithium-ion battery aging. Regarding the aging mechanism, effects of different internal side reactions on lithium-ion battery degradation are discussed based on the anode, cathode, and other battery structures. The influence of different external factors on the aging mechanism is explained, in which temperature can exert the greatest impact compared to other external factors. As for aging diagnosis, three widely-used methods are discussed: disassembly-based post-mortem analysis, curve-based analysis, and model-based analysis. Generally, the post-mortem analysis is employed for cross-validation while the curve-based analysis and the model-based analysis provide quantitative analysis. The challenges in the use of quantitative diagnosis and on-board diagnosis on battery aging are also discussed, based on which insights are provided for developing online battery aging diagnosis and battery health management in the next generation of intelligent battery management systems (BMSs).

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Renewable and Sustai...arrow_drop_down
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    Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews
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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Arora, Shashank; Shen, Weixiang; Kapoor, Ajay;

    Abstract In an electric vehicle (EV), thermal runaway, vibration or vehicle impact can lead to a potential failure of lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery packs due to their high sensitivity to ambient temperature, pressure and dynamic mechanical loads. Amongst several factors, safety and reliability of battery packs present the highest challenges to large scale electrification of public and private transportation sectors. This paper reviews mechanical design features that can address these issues. More than 75 sources including scientific and technical literature and particularly 43 US Patents are studied. The study illustrates through examples that simple mechanical features can be integrated into battery packaging design to minimise the probability of failure and mitigate the aforementioned safety risks. Furthermore, the key components of a robust battery pack have been closely studied and the materials have been identified to design these components and to meet their functional requirements. Strategic battery pack placement technique is also discussed using an example of Nissan LEAF battery packaging design. Finally, the disclosed design solutions described in this paper are compared with the Chevrolet Volt battery pack design to reveal the basic mechanical design requirements for a robust and reliable battery packaging system.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Renewable and Sustai...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews
    Article . 2016 . Peer-reviewed
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Renewable and Sustai...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews
      Article . 2016 . Peer-reviewed
      License: Elsevier TDM
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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Arora, Shashank; Shen, Weixiang; Kapoor, Ajay;

    Abstract In an electric vehicle (EV), thermal runaway, vibration or vehicle impact can lead to a potential failure of lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery packs due to their high sensitivity to ambient temperature, pressure and dynamic mechanical loads. Amongst several factors, safety and reliability of battery packs present the highest challenges to large scale electrification of public and private transportation sectors. This paper reviews mechanical design features that can address these issues. More than 75 sources including scientific and technical literature and particularly 43 US Patents are studied. The study illustrates through examples that simple mechanical features can be integrated into battery packaging design to minimise the probability of failure and mitigate the aforementioned safety risks. Furthermore, the key components of a robust battery pack have been closely studied and the materials have been identified to design these components and to meet their functional requirements. Strategic battery pack placement technique is also discussed using an example of Nissan LEAF battery packaging design. Finally, the disclosed design solutions described in this paper are compared with the Chevrolet Volt battery pack design to reveal the basic mechanical design requirements for a robust and reliable battery packaging system.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Renewable and Sustai...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews
    Article . 2016 . Peer-reviewed
    License: Elsevier TDM
    Data sources: Crossref
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    211
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Renewable and Sustai...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews
      Article . 2016 . Peer-reviewed
      License: Elsevier TDM
      Data sources: Crossref
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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Arora, Shashank; Kapoor, Ajay; Shen, Weixiang;

    Abstract Parasitic load, which describes electrical energy consumed by battery thermal management system (TMS), is an important design criterion for battery packs. Passive TMSs using phase change materials (PCMs) are thus generating much interest. However, PCMs suffer from low thermal conductivities. Most current thermal conductivity enhancement techniques involve addition of foreign particles to PCMs. Adding foreign particles increases effective thermal conductivity of PCM-systems but at expense of their latent heat capacity. This paper presents an alternate approach for improving thermal performance of PCM-based TMSs. The introduced technique involves placing battery cells in a vertically inverted position within the battery-pack. It is demonstrated through experiments that inverted cell-layout facilitates build-up of convection current in the pack, which in turn minimises thermal variations within the PCM matrix by enabling PCM mass transfer between the top and the bottom regions of the battery pack. The proposed system is found capable of maintaining tight control over battery cell temperature even during abusive usage, defined as high-rate repetitive cycling with minimal rest periods. In addition, this novel TMS can recover waste heat from PCM-matrix through thermoelectric devices, thereby resulting in a negative parasitic load for TMS.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Journal of Power Sou...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Journal of Power Sources
    Article . 2018 . Peer-reviewed
    License: Elsevier TDM
    Data sources: Crossref
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Journal of Power Sou...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Journal of Power Sources
      Article . 2018 . Peer-reviewed
      License: Elsevier TDM
      Data sources: Crossref
      addClaim

      This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Arora, Shashank; Kapoor, Ajay; Shen, Weixiang;

    Abstract Parasitic load, which describes electrical energy consumed by battery thermal management system (TMS), is an important design criterion for battery packs. Passive TMSs using phase change materials (PCMs) are thus generating much interest. However, PCMs suffer from low thermal conductivities. Most current thermal conductivity enhancement techniques involve addition of foreign particles to PCMs. Adding foreign particles increases effective thermal conductivity of PCM-systems but at expense of their latent heat capacity. This paper presents an alternate approach for improving thermal performance of PCM-based TMSs. The introduced technique involves placing battery cells in a vertically inverted position within the battery-pack. It is demonstrated through experiments that inverted cell-layout facilitates build-up of convection current in the pack, which in turn minimises thermal variations within the PCM matrix by enabling PCM mass transfer between the top and the bottom regions of the battery pack. The proposed system is found capable of maintaining tight control over battery cell temperature even during abusive usage, defined as high-rate repetitive cycling with minimal rest periods. In addition, this novel TMS can recover waste heat from PCM-matrix through thermoelectric devices, thereby resulting in a negative parasitic load for TMS.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Journal of Power Sou...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Journal of Power Sources
    Article . 2018 . Peer-reviewed
    License: Elsevier TDM
    Data sources: Crossref
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    44
    citations44
    popularityTop 10%
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Journal of Power Sou...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Journal of Power Sources
      Article . 2018 . Peer-reviewed
      License: Elsevier TDM
      Data sources: Crossref
      addClaim

      This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

      You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
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