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  • Energy Research
  • 7. Clean energy

  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Dallatu Abbas Umar; orcid Chong Tak Yaw;
    Chong Tak Yaw
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    Chong Tak Yaw in OpenAIRE
    Siaw Paw Koh; orcid Sieh Kiong Tiong;
    Sieh Kiong Tiong
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    Sieh Kiong Tiong in OpenAIRE
    +2 Authors

    Wind turbine blades perform the most important function in the wind energy conversion process. It plays the most vital role of absorbing the kinetic energy of the wind, and converting it to mechanical energy before it is transformed into electrical energy by generators. In this work, National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA) 4412 and SG6043 airfoils were selected to design a small horizontal axis variable speed wind turbine blade for harvesting efficient energy from low wind speed areas. Due to the low wind profile of the targeted area, a blade of one-meter radius was considered in this study. To attain the set objectives of fast starting time and generate more torque and power at low wind speeds, optimization was carryout by varying Reynolds numbers (Re) on tip speed ratios (TSR) values of 4, 5, and 6. The blade element momentum (BEM) method was developed in MATLAB programming code to iteratively find the best twist and chord distributions along the one-meter blade length for each Re and tip speed ratio (TSR) value. To further enhance the blade performance, the twist and chord distributions were transferred to Q-blade software, where simulations of the power coefficients (Cp) were performed and further optimized by varying the angles of attack. The highest power coefficients values of 0.42, 0.43, and 0.44 were recorded with NACA 4412 rotor blades, and 0.43, 0.44, and 0.45 with SG6043 rotor blades. At the Re of 3.0 × 105, the blades were able to harvest maximum power of 144.73 watts (W), 159.69 W, and 201.04 W with the NACA 4412 and 213.15 W, 226.44 W, 245.09 W with the SG6043 at the TSR of 4, 5, and 6 respectively. The lowest cut-in speed of 1.80 m/s and 1.70 m/s were achieved with NACA 4412 and SG6043 airfoils at TSR 4. At a low wind speed of 4 m/s, the blades were able to harness an efficient power of 79.3. W and 80.10 W with both rotor blades at the TSR 4 and 6 accordingly.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Energiesarrow_drop_down
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    Energies
    Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY
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    Energies
    Article . 2022
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      Energies
      Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
      License: CC BY
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      Energies
      Article . 2022
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: orcid Gamal Alkawsi;
    Gamal Alkawsi
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    Gamal Alkawsi in OpenAIRE
    orcid Yahia Baashar;
    Yahia Baashar
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    Yahia Baashar in OpenAIRE
    orcid Ammar Ahmed Alkahtani;
    Ammar Ahmed Alkahtani
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    Ammar Ahmed Alkahtani in OpenAIRE
    orcid Chin Wai Lim;
    Chin Wai Lim
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    Chin Wai Lim in OpenAIRE
    +2 Authors

    This study provides a techno-financial evaluation of two sites in Malaysia: Kudat, located on the coast of the northernmost part of Sabah, the state of East Malaysia with promising wind potential, and Putrajaya in the Klang Valley region with moderate wind potential at high elevations similar to the dominant cities in Malaysia. Three small-scale wind turbines were evaluated, taking into account a nominal electrical power generation below 100 kW. The research is focused on 220 residential households. The software used to perform the evaluation was Hybrid Optimization of Multiple Energy Resources (HOMER). The research novelty is the examination of the non-hybrid small-scale turbines at high elevations for regions with low wind speed, such as Malaysia. Regardless of the wind farms’ financial profit, this study used the net present cost (NPC) analysis in all cases. This research demonstrates the feasibility of small-scale wind turbines mounted at high elevations for generating sufficient energy. The results indicate that in both areas, the RX-20KH3 model is the best option, and the costs of the FH-5000 and RX-20KH3 farms are proportionate for a renewable project. Furthermore, with government support, the WES80 farm could be suitable.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Energiesarrow_drop_down
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    Energies
    Article . 2021 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: Crossref
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    Energies
    Article
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    Energies
    Article . 2021
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      Energies
      Article . 2021 . Peer-reviewed
      License: CC BY
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      Energies
      Article
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      Energies
      Article . 2021
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: orcid Fuad Noman;
    Fuad Noman
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    Fuad Noman in OpenAIRE
    orcid Ammar Ahmed Alkahtani;
    Ammar Ahmed Alkahtani
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    Ammar Ahmed Alkahtani in OpenAIRE
    orcid Vassilios Agelidis;
    Vassilios Agelidis
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    Vassilios Agelidis in OpenAIRE
    orcid Kiong Sieh Tiong;
    Kiong Sieh Tiong
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    Kiong Sieh Tiong in OpenAIRE
    +2 Authors

    The integration of large-scale wind farms and large-scale charging stations for electric vehicles (EVs) into electricity grids necessitates energy storage support for both technologies. Matching the variability of the energy generation of wind farms with the demand variability of the EVs could potentially minimize the size and need for expensive energy storage technologies required to stabilize the grid. This paper investigates the feasibility of using the wind as a direct energy source to power EV charging stations. An interval-based approach corresponding to the time slot taken for EV charging is introduced for wind energy conversion and analyzed using different constraints and criteria, including the wind speed averaging time interval, various turbines manufacturers, and standard high-resolution wind speed datasets. A quasi-continuous wind turbine’s output energy is performed using a piecewise recursive approach to measure the EV charging effectiveness. Wind turbine analysis using two years of wind speed data shows that the application of direct wind-to-EV is able to provide sufficient constant power to supply the large-scale charging stations. The results presented in this paper confirm that the potential of direct powering of EV charging stations by wind has merits and that research in this direction is worth pursuing.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Applied Sciencesarrow_drop_down
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    Applied Sciences
    Article . 2020 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: Crossref
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    Applied Sciences
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    Applied Sciences
    Article . 2020
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      Applied Sciences
      Article . 2020 . Peer-reviewed
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      Article . 2020
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    Authors: orcid Ali Q. Al-Shetwi;
    Ali Q. Al-Shetwi
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    Ali Q. Al-Shetwi in OpenAIRE
    orcid M. A. Hannan;
    M. A. Hannan
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    M. A. Hannan in OpenAIRE
    orcid Majid A. Abdullah;
    Majid A. Abdullah
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    Majid A. Abdullah in OpenAIRE
    orcid M. S. A. Rahman;
    M. S. A. Rahman
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    M. S. A. Rahman in OpenAIRE
    +4 Authors

    Une grave crise énergétique sévit au Yémen depuis des décennies et la plupart de la population n'a pas accès à l'électricité. Cela a nui à la croissance économique, sociale et industrielle du pays. Le Yémen produit de l'électricité principalement à partir de combustibles fossiles, bien qu'il ait un fort potentiel d'énergie renouvelable. Malheureusement, la situation a récemment été aggravée par la guerre continue du pays, qui se poursuit depuis le début de 2015. Elle a eu un impact négatif sur les infrastructures énergétiques du pays, entraînant des pannes de courant. Par conséquent, ce document vise à fournir une perspective actualisée sur la crise énergétique actuelle du Yémen et expliquer ses problèmes clés et ses solutions potentielles.En outre, il examine le potentiel, le développement et l'état actuel des sources d'énergie renouvelables, telles que le solaire, l'éolien, la géothermie et la biomasse.En se basant sur les résultats, le Yémen est l'un des pays les plus riches du monde en termes de lumière solaire et de vitesse du vent, et ces deux ressources sont abondantes dans toutes les régions du pays.En outre, ce document met en lumière la révolution de l'énergie solaire qui a surgi depuis le début de la guerre en raison de la panne complète de l'électricité nationale.En quelques années, l'énergie solaire au Yémen a augmenté sa capacité de 50 fois et est récemment devenue la principale source d'électricité pour la plupart des Yéménites. En outre, le document traite des difficultés et des défis auxquels est confrontée la mise en œuvre de projets d'investissement dans les énergies renouvelables. De nombreuses recommandations pour des améliorations potentielles dans l'utilisation généralisée des énergies renouvelables au Yémen sont également fournies dans ce document. Toutes les idées présentées dans ce document visent à accroître les efforts visant à accroître la production d'énergie renouvelable au Yémen, résolvant ainsi les problèmes de pauvreté énergétique et réduisant les effets environnementaux. L'analyse présentée peut être utilisée comme référence scientifique pour les chercheurs et les entreprises industrielles à la recherche de solutions appropriées pour faire progresser les énergies renouvelables au Yémen. Una grave crisis energética ha asolado Yemen durante décadas, y la mayoría de la población carece de acceso a la electricidad. Esto ha perjudicado el crecimiento económico, social e industrial del país. Yemen genera electricidad principalmente a partir de combustibles fósiles, a pesar de tener un alto potencial de energía renovable. Desafortunadamente, la situación se ha agravado recientemente por la continua guerra del país, que ha estado en curso desde principios de 2015. Ha impactado negativamente en la infraestructura energética del país, lo que ha provocado cortes de energía. Por lo tanto, este documento tiene como objetivo proporcionar una perspectiva actualizada sobre la crisis energética actual de Yemen y explicar sus problemas clave y posibles soluciones. Además, examina el potencial, el desarrollo y el estado actual de las fuentes de energía renovables, como la solar, la eólica, la geotérmica y la biomasa. Sobre la base de los hallazgos, Yemen es uno de los países más ricos del mundo en términos de luz solar y velocidad del viento, y estos dos recursos son abundantes en todas las regiones del país. Además, este documento arroja luz sobre la revolución de la energía solar que ha surgido desde que comenzó la guerra debido a la interrupción completa de la electricidad nacional. hace unos años, la energía solar en Yemen ha aumentado su capacidad en 50 veces y recientemente se ha convertido en la principal fuente de electricidad para la mayoría de los yemeníes. Además, el documento analiza las dificultades y desafíos que enfrenta la implementación de proyectos de inversión en energía renovable. En este documento también se proporcionan numerosas recomendaciones para posibles mejoras en el uso generalizado de energía renovable en Yemen. Se espera que todas las ideas presentadas en este documento aumenten los esfuerzos para aumentar la producción de energía renovable en Yemen, resolviendo así los problemas de la pobreza energética y reduciendo los efectos ambientales. El análisis presentado puede utilizarse como referencia científica para investigadores y empresas industriales que buscan soluciones adecuadas para avanzar en la energía renovable de Yemen. A severe energy crisis has plagued Yemen for decades, and most of the population lack access to electricity.This has harmed the country's economic, social, and industrial growth.Yemen generates electricity mainly from fossil fuels, despite having a high potential for renewable energy.Unfortunately, the situation has recently been compounded by the country's continuing war, which has been ongoing since early 2015.It has impacted the country's energy infrastructure negatively, resulting in power outages.Therefore, this paper aims to provide an updated perspective on Yemen's current energy crisis and explain its key issues and potential solutions.Besides, it examines the potential, development, and current state of renewable energy sources, such as solar, wind, geothermal, and biomass.Based on the findings, Yemen is one of the world's wealthiest countries in terms of sunlight and wind speed, and these two resources are abundant in all regions of the country.In addition, this paper sheds light on the solar energy revolution that has arisen since the war started due to the complete outage of the national electricity.Within a few years, solar energy in Yemen has increased its capacity by 50 times and has recently become the primary source of electricity for most Yemenis.Furthermore, the paper discusses the difficulties and challenges that face the implementation of renewable energy investment projects.Numerous recommendations for potential improvements in Yemen's widespread use of renewable energy are also provided in this paper.All of the ideas presented in this paper are hoped to increase the efforts to grow renewable energy production in Yemen, thereby solving the issues of energy poverty and reducing environmental effects.The presented analysis can be used as a scientific reference for researchers and industrial companies looking for suitable solutions to advance Yemen's renewable energy. ابتليت اليمن بأزمة طاقة حادة منذ عقود، ويفتقر معظم السكان إلى الكهرباء. وقد أضر ذلك بالنمو الاقتصادي والاجتماعي والصناعي للبلاد. وتولد اليمن الكهرباء بشكل رئيسي من الوقود الأحفوري، على الرغم من وجود إمكانات عالية للطاقة المتجددة. لسوء الحظ، تفاقمت الحالة مؤخرًا بسبب الحرب المستمرة في البلاد، والتي استمرت منذ أوائل عام 2015. وقد أثرت سلبًا على البنية التحتية للطاقة في البلاد، مما أدى إلى انقطاع التيار الكهربائي. لذلك، تهدف هذه الورقة إلى توفير منظور محدث حول أزمة الطاقة الحالية في اليمن وشرح قضاياها الرئيسية وحلولها المحتملة. إلى جانب ذلك، تبحث في إمكانات مصادر الطاقة المتجددة وتطورها وحالتها الحالية، مثل الطاقة الشمسية وطاقة الرياح والطاقة الحرارية الأرضية والكتلة الحيوية. بناءً على النتائج، تعد اليمن واحدة من أغنى دول العالم من حيث ضوء الشمس وسرعة الرياح، وهذان الموردان وفيران في جميع مناطق البلاد. بالإضافة إلى ذلك، تسلط هذه الورقة الضوء على ثورة الطاقة الشمسية التي نشأت منذ بدء الحرب بسبب الانقطاع الكامل للكهرباء الوطنية. بعد بضع سنوات، زادت الطاقة الشمسية في اليمن من قدرتها بمقدار 50 ضعفًا وأصبحت مؤخرًا المصدر الرئيسي للكهرباء لمعظم اليمنيين. علاوة على ذلك، تناقش الورقة الصعوبات والتحديات التي تواجه تنفيذ مشاريع الاستثمار في الطاقة المتجددة .كما تقدم هذه الورقة العديد من التوصيات للتحسينات المحتملة في استخدام اليمن للطاقة المتجددة على نطاق واسع. ومن المأمول أن تزيد جميع الأفكار المقدمة في هذه الورقة من الجهود المبذولة لتنمية إنتاج الطاقة المتجددة في اليمن، وبالتالي حل قضايا فقر الطاقة والحد من الآثار البيئية. يمكن استخدام التحليل المقدم كمرجع علمي للباحثين والشركات الصناعية التي تبحث عن حلول مناسبة للنهوض بالطاقة المتجددة في اليمن.

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    Authors: orcid Yahia Baashar;
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    Energy management and exchange have increasingly shifted from concentrated to hierarchical modes. Numerous issues have arisen in the decentralized energy sector, including the storage of customer data and the need to ensure data integrity, fairness, and accountability in the transaction phase. The problem is that in the field of the innovative technology of blockchain and its applications, with the energy sector still in the developmental stages, there is still a need for more research to understand the full capacity of the technology in the field. The main aim of this work was to investigate the state of the current research of blockchain technologies as well as their application within the field of energy. This work also set out to identify certain research gaps and provide a set of recommendations for future directions. Among these research gaps is the application of blockchain in decentralized storage, the integration of blockchain with artificial intelligence, and security and privacy concerns, which have not received much attention despite their importance. An analysis of fifty-seven carefully reviewed studies revealed that the emerging blockchain which provides privacy-protection technologies in cryptography and other areas that can be integrated to address users’ privacy concerns is another aspect that needs further investigation. Grid operations, economies, and customers will all learn from blockchain technology as it provides disintermediation, confidentiality, and tamper-proof transfers. Moreover, it provides innovative ways for customers and small solar generators to participate more actively in the electricity sector and to benefit from their properties. Blockchains are a rapidly evolving field of research and growth. A study of this emerging technology is necessary to increase comprehension, to educate the body of expertise on blockchains, and to realize its potential. This study recommends that future work investigates the potential application of blockchain in the energy sector as well as the challenges that face its implementation from the perspective of policy makers. This future approach will enable researchers to direct their focus to the case studies approach, which will facilitate and ease the application of blockchain technology.

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    Authors: orcid Fuad Noman;
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    Au cours des dernières années, l'énergie éolienne a attiré une attention considérable dans divers pays en raison de la forte demande énergétique et de la pénurie de sources d'énergie électrique traditionnelles. Parce que l'énergie éolienne constitue une source rentable et respectueuse de l'environnement, elle peut contribuer de manière significative à la réduction des émissions de carbone toujours croissantes. C'est l'une des technologies vertes à la croissance la plus rapide au monde, avec une part de production totale de 564 GW à la fin de 2018. En Malaisie, l'énergie éolienne a été un sujet brûlant dans les universités et l'industrie de l'énergie verte. Dans ce document, l'état actuel de la recherche sur l'énergie éolienne en Malaisie est examiné. Différents facteurs contributifs tels que la potentialité et les évaluations, la modélisation de la vitesse et de la direction du vent, la prévision du vent et la cartographie spatiale, et le dimensionnement optimal des parcs éoliens sont largement discutés. Ce document traite des progrès de toutes les études liées à l'énergie éolienne et présente des conclusions et des recommandations pour améliorer la recherche sur l'énergie éolienne en Malaisie. En los últimos años, la energía eólica ha ganado una gran atención en los últimos años en varios países debido a la alta demanda de energía y la escasez de fuentes de energía eléctrica tradicionales. Debido a que la energía eólica constituye una fuente rentable y respetuosa con el medio ambiente, puede contribuir significativamente a la reducción de las emisiones de carbono cada vez mayores. Es una de las tecnologías verdes de más rápido crecimiento en todo el mundo, con una participación total de generación de 564 GW a finales de 2018. En Malasia, la energía eólica ha sido un tema candente tanto en el mundo académico como en la industria de la energía verde. En este documento, se revisa el estado actual de la investigación en energía eólica en Malasia. Se discuten ampliamente diferentes factores contribuyentes, como la potencialidad y las evaluaciones, el modelado de la velocidad y la dirección del viento, la predicción del viento y el mapeo espacial, y el tamaño óptimo de los parques eólicos. Este documento discute el progreso de todos los estudios relacionados con la energía eólica y presenta conclusiones y recomendaciones para mejorar la investigación en energía eólica en Malasia. In recent years, wind energy has gained extensive attention in the recent years in various countries due to the high energy demand of energy and shortage of traditional electric energy sources.Because wind energy constitutes a cost effective and environmentally friendly source, it can significantly contribute toward the reduction of the ever-increasing carbon emissions.It is one of the fastest growing green technologies worldwide, with a total generation share of 564 GW as of the end of 2018.In Malaysia, wind energy has been a hot topic in both academia and green energy industry.In this paper, the current status of wind energy research in Malaysia is reviewed.Different contributing factors such as potentiality and assessments, wind speed and direction modeling, wind prediction and spatial mapping, and optimal sizing of wind farms are extensively discussed.This paper discusses the progress of all studies related to wind energy and presents conclusions and recommendations for improving wind energy research in Malaysia. في السنوات الأخيرة، اكتسبت طاقة الرياح اهتمامًا واسعًا في السنوات الأخيرة في مختلف البلدان بسبب ارتفاع الطلب على الطاقة ونقص مصادر الطاقة الكهربائية التقليدية. نظرًا لأن طاقة الرياح تشكل مصدرًا فعالًا من حيث التكلفة وصديقًا للبيئة، فإنها يمكن أن تساهم بشكل كبير في الحد من انبعاثات الكربون المتزايدة باستمرار. إنها واحدة من أسرع التقنيات الخضراء نموًا في جميع أنحاء العالم، حيث بلغ إجمالي حصة التوليد 564 جيجاوات اعتبارًا من نهاية عام 2018. في ماليزيا، كانت طاقة الرياح موضوعًا ساخنًا في كل من الأوساط الأكاديمية وصناعة الطاقة الخضراء. في هذه الورقة، تمت مراجعة الوضع الحالي لأبحاث طاقة الرياح في ماليزيا. تتم مناقشة عوامل مساهمة مختلفة مثل الإمكانات والتقييمات والتقييمات، ونمذجة سرعة الرياح واتجاهها، والتنبؤ بالرياح ورسم الخرائط المكانية، والتحجيم الأمثل لمزارع الرياح على نطاق واسع. تناقش هذه الورقة تقدم جميع الدراسات المتعلقة بطاقة الرياح وتقدم استنتاجات وتوصيات لتحسين أبحاث طاقة الرياح في ماليزيا.

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      IEEE Access
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      IEEE Access
      Article . 2020
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      https://dx.doi.org/10.60692/v1...
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      https://dx.doi.org/10.60692/67...
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      https://dx.doi.org/10.48550/ar...
      Article . 2020
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    Authors: orcid Fuad Noman;
    Fuad Noman
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    Fuad Noman in OpenAIRE
    orcid Gamal Alkawsi;
    Gamal Alkawsi
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    Gamal Alkawsi in OpenAIRE
    orcid Ammar Ahmed Alkahtani;
    Ammar Ahmed Alkahtani
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    Ammar Ahmed Alkahtani in OpenAIRE
    orcid Ali Q. Al-Shetwi;
    Ali Q. Al-Shetwi
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    Ali Q. Al-Shetwi in OpenAIRE
    +4 Authors

    La prévision précise de la vitesse du vent est un facteur clé dans de nombreuses applications énergétiques, en particulier lorsque l'énergie éolienne est intégrée aux réseaux électriques. Cependant, en raison de la nature intermittente et non stationnaire de la vitesse du vent, il est difficile de la modéliser et de la prédire. En outre, l'utilisation de variables multivariées non corrélées en tant que variables d'entrée exogènes a souvent un impact négatif sur la performance des modèles de prédiction. Dans cet article, nous présentons une prédiction de la vitesse du vent à court terme en plusieurs étapes à l'aide de variables d'entrée exogènes multivariées. Nous mettons en œuvre différentes méthodes de sélection de variables pour sélectionner le meilleur ensemble de variables qui améliorent considérablement les performances des modèles de prédiction. Nous évaluons la performance de huit méthodes d'apprentissage par transfert, de quatre réseaux de neurones peu profonds (NN) et de la méthode de persistance sur la prédiction des valeurs futures de la vitesse du vent à l'aide d'horizons temporels à court terme, à court terme et à plusieurs étapes. Nous avons effectué l'évaluation sur des données de vitesse du vent échantillonnées sur deux ans, moyennées à des intervalles de 10 minutes. Les résultats montrent que le modèle non linéaire auto-régressif exogène (NARX) a surpassé toutes les autres méthodes, atteignant une erreur absolue moyenne (MAE) et une erreur quadratique moyenne (RMSE) de 0,2205 et 0,3405 pour les prédictions en plusieurs étapes, respectivement. Malgré la faible performance des méthodes d'apprentissage par transfert (c'est-à-dire 0,43 et 0,58 pour MAE et RMSE, respectivement), on pense que les résultats pourraient être encore améliorés avec une meilleure amélioration de la sélection des caractéristiques et des paramètres du modèle. La predicción precisa de la velocidad del viento es un factor clave en muchas aplicaciones energéticas, especialmente cuando la energía eólica se integra con las redes eléctricas. Sin embargo, debido a la naturaleza intermitente y no estacionaria de la velocidad del viento, modelar y predecir es un desafío. Además, el uso de variables multivariadas no correlacionadas como variables de entrada exógenas a menudo afecta negativamente el rendimiento de los modelos de predicción. En este artículo, presentamos una predicción de la velocidad del viento a corto plazo de varios pasos utilizando variables de entrada exógenas multivariadas. Implementamos diferentes métodos de selección de variables para seleccionar el mejor conjunto de variables que mejoren significativamente el rendimiento de los modelos de predicción. Evaluamos el rendimiento de ocho métodos de aprendizaje por transferencia, cuatro redes neuronales poco profundas (NN) y el método de persistencia para predecir los valores futuros de la velocidad del viento utilizando horizontes temporales de ultracorto plazo, de corto plazo y de varios pasos. Realizamos la evaluación sobre datos de velocidad del viento de alta muestra de dos años promediados a intervalos de 10 minutos. Los resultados muestran que el modelo exógeno autorregresivo no lineal (NARX) superó a todos los demás métodos, logrando un error absoluto medio medio (MAE) y un error cuadrático medio (RMSE) de 0.2205 y 0.3405 para predicciones de varios pasos, respectivamente. A pesar del menor rendimiento de los métodos de aprendizaje por transferencia (es decir, 0,43 y 0,58 para MAE y RMSE, respectivamente), se cree que los resultados podrían mejorarse aún más con una mejor mejora de la selección de características y los parámetros del modelo. Precise wind speed prediction is a key factor in many energy applications, especially when wind energy is integrated with power grids. However, because of the intermittent and nonstationary nature of wind speed, modeling and predicting it is a challenge. In addition, using uncorrelated multivariate variables as exogenous input variables often adversely impacts the performance of prediction models. In this paper, we present a multistep short-term wind speed prediction using multivariate exogenous input variables. We implement different variable selection methods to select the best set of variables that significantly improve the performance of prediction models. We evaluate the performance of eight transfer learning methods, four shallow neural networks (NNs), and the persistence method on predicting the future values of wind speed using ultrashort-term, short-term, and multistep time horizons. We performed the evaluation over two-year high-sampled wind speed data averaged at 10-minute intervals. Results show that Nonlinear Auto-Regressive Exogenous (NARX) model outperformed all other methods, achieving an average mean absolute error (MAE) and root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.2205 and 0.3405 for multistep predictions, respectively. Despite the lower performance of the transfer learning methods (i.e., 0.43 and 0.58 for MAE and RMSE, respectively), it is believed that results could be further improved with a better enhancement of the feature selection and model parameters. يعد التنبؤ الدقيق بسرعة الرياح عاملاً رئيسياً في العديد من تطبيقات الطاقة، خاصة عندما يتم دمج طاقة الرياح مع شبكات الطاقة. ومع ذلك، نظرًا للطبيعة المتقطعة وغير الثابتة لسرعة الرياح، فإن النمذجة والتنبؤ بها يمثلان تحديًا. بالإضافة إلى ذلك، فإن استخدام المتغيرات متعددة المتغيرات غير المترابطة كمتغيرات مدخلات خارجية غالبًا ما يؤثر سلبًا على أداء نماذج التنبؤ. في هذه الورقة، نقدم تنبؤًا متعدد الخطوات لسرعة الرياح على المدى القصير باستخدام متغيرات المدخلات الخارجية متعددة المتغيرات. ننفذ طرق اختيار متغيرات مختلفة لاختيار أفضل مجموعة من المتغيرات التي تحسن بشكل كبير أداء نماذج التنبؤ. نقوم بتقييم أداء ثماني طرق لتعلم النقل، وأربع شبكات عصبية ضحلة (NNs)، وطريقة المثابرة على التنبؤ بالقيم المستقبلية لسرعة الرياح باستخدام آفاق زمنية قصيرة الأجل وقصيرة الأجل ومتعددة الخطوات. أجرينا التقييم على مدى عامين من بيانات سرعة الرياح ذات العينات العالية بمتوسط 10 دقائق. تظهر النتائج أن نموذج التكرار التلقائي غير الخطي (NARX) تفوق على جميع الطرق الأخرى، حيث حقق متوسط متوسط الخطأ المطلق (MAE) وخطأ الجذر التربيعي (RMSE) 0.2205 و 0.3405 للتنبؤات متعددة الخطوات، على التوالي. على الرغم من الأداء المنخفض لأساليب تعلم النقل (أي 0.43 و 0.58 لـ MAE و RMSE، على التوالي)، يُعتقد أنه يمكن تحسين النتائج بشكل أكبر من خلال تحسين اختيار الميزات ومعلمات النموذج.

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    Alexandria Engineering Journal
    Article . 2021 . Peer-reviewed
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    Alexandria Engineering Journal
    Article . 2021
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    https://dx.doi.org/10.60692/g0...
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      Alexandria Engineering Journal
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      Alexandria Engineering Journal
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      https://dx.doi.org/10.60692/g0...
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    Authors: orcid bw Mohammad Aminul Islam;
    Mohammad Aminul Islam
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    Mohammad Aminul Islam in OpenAIRE
    Nabilah M. Kassim; orcid bw Ammar Ahmed Alkahtani;
    Ammar Ahmed Alkahtani
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    Ammar Ahmed Alkahtani in OpenAIRE
    orcid bw Nowshad Amin;
    Nowshad Amin
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    Nowshad Amin in OpenAIRE

    The performance of photovoltaic (PV) solar cells is influenced by solar irradiance as well as temperature. Particularly, the average photon energy of the solar spectrum is different for low and high light intensity, which influences the photocurrent generation by the PV cells. Even if the irradiance level and the operating temperature remain constant, the efficiency will still depend on the technological parameters of the PV cell, which in turn depends on the used PV material’s absorption quality and the spectral responsivity and cell structure. This study is devoted to the review of different commercially available technologies of PV cells include crystalline silicon (c-Si), polycrystalline silicon (pc-Si), cadmium telluride (CdTe), and copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS). We tried to correlate the spectral response or the photocurrent of different PV cells with the variations of the solar spectrum, environmental conditions, and the material properties and construction of PV cells.

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    https://doi.org/10.5772/intech...
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      https://doi.org/10.5772/intech...
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    Authors: Misbah Abdelrahim; orcid Gamal Alkawsi;
    Gamal Alkawsi
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    Gamal Alkawsi in OpenAIRE
    orcid Ammar Ahmed Alkahtani;
    Ammar Ahmed Alkahtani
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    Ammar Ahmed Alkahtani in OpenAIRE
    Ali M. W. Alhasan; +4 Authors

    Renewable energy sources have become necessary for long-term energy sustainability due to the increased demand for electric cars and worrisome rises in carbon dioxide emissions from traditional energy sources. Furthermore, transportation is one of the sectors that uses the most energy on the planet, accounting for 24% of overall consumption. Fossil fuels are still the dominant energy source for balancing global demand/supply dynamics. Supporting laws and regulations have enhanced the first phase of environmentally friendly energy-resource consumption. This has spurred the development of new solutions that cut greenhouse-gas emissions and reduce the air pollution produced by internal combustion engines that are fuelled by fossil fuels. Wind energy is one of the clean energy sources that may be utilised for this purpose. Wind energy has been used to power electric-car-charging infrastructure, generally in a hybrid mode with another renewable source. This research examines the possibility of using wind energy as a standalone energy source to support electric-vehicle-charging infrastructure. Using data from Malacca, Malaysia, and HOMER software, the project will build and optimise a standalone wind-powered charging station. An RC-5K-A wind turbine coupled to a battery and converter is the appropriate choice for the system. The findings demonstrate that the turbine can produce 214,272 kWh per year at the cost of USD 0.081/kWh, confirming wind’s future feasibility as an energy-infrastructure support source.

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    Energies
    Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
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    Energies
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      Energies
      Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
      License: CC BY
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      Energies
      Article . 2022
      Data sources: DOAJ
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    Authors: orcid Nowshad Amin;
    Nowshad Amin
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    Nowshad Amin in OpenAIRE
    Sathiswary Santhiran; orcid Nabilah Mat Kassim;
    Nabilah Mat Kassim
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    Nabilah Mat Kassim in OpenAIRE
    orcid Ammar Ahmed Alkahtani;
    Ammar Ahmed Alkahtani
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    Ammar Ahmed Alkahtani in OpenAIRE
    +2 Authors

    Using Griddler software, this study aims to select the optimal metallization design by analyzing the impact of the number and sizes of busbars and fingers on a solar cell’s performance. There is interest in the PV industry to reduce the finger size toward 25 μm in upcoming years. It is shown that an increase in the number and size of busbars and fingers causes an increase in the fill factor; however, with regards to the cell’s efficiency, the shading factor should be considered in addition to the size and number of metal contacts. The results of this study indicate that solar cells’ efficiency could be increased by 0.33–0.84% when using five busbars and a finger width of 35 μm. Moreover, this increase is achieved by reducing the emitter resistance to less than 60 ohm/sq and considering a recombination rate of about 165 fA/cm2.

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    Energies
    Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: Crossref
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    Energies
    Article . 2023
    Data sources: DOAJ
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      Energies
      Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
      License: CC BY
      Data sources: Crossref
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      Energies
      Article . 2023
      Data sources: DOAJ
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