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Studying the problem of diagnosing high-voltage lines is the goal of this research. The high accident rate of overhead lines due to icing and current overloads makes this problem important. Current overloads during distributed power generation lead to overheating of the lines. The goal of the research is achieved due to the fact, that the article notes the relationship between icing and overloads. The necessity of joint solution of these problems and the development of the concept of a multifunctional measuring system is proved. For this, an analysis of the main parameters that determine the mode of operation of overhead lines is carried out. Technical solutions for the measurement of these quantities are considered. The detection of ice formation by comparing the values of dew points and desublimation is described. The calculation of the limiting current load taking into account weather conditions is given. The amount of sagging wires is selected as a universal characteristic of the state of the line. A significant result of the study is the optical method of icing control. This method consists in measuring the coordinates of the line wires through a weatherproof CCTV-camera. To do this, optical tags and a temperature sensor are placed on the wires. The optimal architecture of the measuring system for assessing the climatic impact is given. The significance of the results is that a multifunctional and high-precision system without expensive load sensors is proposed. The conclusion about the importance of the results for building a smart grid is made.

The relevance of the article is due to the fact that in the modern education of the Russian Fed-eration, including preschool, a radical reform is being carried out, new educational and professional stand-ards are being introduced. This leads to the need for serious changes at the level of professional activities by teachers of preschool educational institutions. All this requires the identification of determinants that cause negative trends in the educational space of preschool educational institutions, for their localization, overcoming and timely prevention. The purpose of the study was to identify the specifics of professional self-realization of teachers of preschool educational institutions, the definition of psychological resources that provide its different levels of formation. Актуальность статьи обусловлена тем, что в современном образовании Российской Федерации, в том числе дошкольном, осуществляется кардинальное реформирование, вводятся новые образовательные и профессиональные стандарты. Это приводит к необходимости серьезных изменений на уровне осуществления профессиональной деятельности педагогическими работниками дошкольных образовательных учреждений (ДОУ). Все это требует выявления детерминант, вызывающих негативные тенденции в образовательном пространстве ДОУ, для их локализации, преодоления и своевременной профилактики. Целью исследования стало выявление специфики профессиональной самореализации педагогических работников ДОУ, определение психологических ресурсов, обеспечивающих ее разные уровни сформированности. Педагогическое образование в России, Issue № 8, Pages 124-133

The problem of improving the efficiency of thermal power plants over time, not only does not decrease, but increases. Such change caused by many factors. One of the most significant factors is the increase in a share of the capital equipment which service life is approximately equal settlement or exceeds it. Boiler installations, first of all, concern to the capital equipment. Increase of an overall performance of boiler installations now mainly carried out by realization of a reserve of thermal profitability. The design procedure of a degree of use of reserves of thermal profitability, methodical instructions on drawing up of reports of power stations about thermal profitability and a number of other documents are developed a management by calculation of normative values of technical and economic parameters. It is marked, that the reserve of thermal profitability depends on a level of operation and a technical condition of the equipment. And if to agree that the level of operation influences the sizes of a reserve of thermal profitability less, than the technical condition of the equipment, a natural question arises: why the size of deterioration refers to as a reserve. It completely contradicts used in operation to a condition of a reserve. Further, shown, that change of normalized technical and economic parameters practically does not influence change of the specific charge of conditional fuel and efficiency. Moreover, their interrelation can contradict common sense. It is marked, that increase of an overall performance of power units can be reached by transition from aspiration to master a reserve of thermal profitability to an opportunity of comparison of power units, their ranging, definition of weak parts and improvement of professional skill of the personnel. Актуальная проблема повышения эффективности работы тепловых электростанций со временем не только не снижается, она возрастает. Такое изменение обусловлено целым рядом факторов. Одним из наиболее значимых факторов является увеличение доли основного оборудования, срок службы которого примерно равен расчётному или превышает его. К основному оборудованию, прежде всего, относятся котельные установки. Повышение эффективности работы котельных установок в настоящее время преимущественно осуществляется путём реализации резерва тепловой экономичности. Разработаны руководство по расчёту нормативных значений технико-экономических показателей, методика расчёта степени использования резервов тепловой экономичности, методические указания по составлению отчётов электростанций о тепловой экономичности и ряд других документов. Отмечается, что резерв тепловой экономичности зависит от уровня эксплуатации и технического состояния оборудования. А если согласиться с тем, что уровень эксплуатации влияет на размеры резерва тепловой экономичности меньше, чем техническое состояние оборудования, возникает естественный вопрос: почему величина износа называется резервом. Оно полностью противоречит используемому в эксплуатации состоянию резерва. Показано, что изменение нормируемых технико-экономических показателей практически не влияет на изменение удельного расхода условного топлива и коэффициента полезного действия. Более того, их взаимосвязь может противоречить здравому смыслу. Отмечается, что повышение эффективности работы энергоблоков может быть достигнуто переходом от стремления освоить резерв тепловой экономичности к возможности сравнения энергоблоков, их ранжирования, определения слабых звеньев и повышения квалификации персонала. №8(1057) (2019)

The article shows the advantages of using modern electronic learning tools in the training of specialists for the mineral and raw materials complex and considers the basic principles of organizing training using these tools. The experience of using electronic learning tools using foreign teaching materials and involving foreign professors is described. A special attention is given to the electronic learning environment of the Cisco Networking Academy Cisco NetAcad. The experience of teaching at the Networking Academy of the Saint-Petersburg Mining University is described. Details are given to modern virtual environments for laboratory work, such as Cisco Packet Tracer, GNS3 and Emulated Virtual Environment. The experience of using electronic learning technologies at the University of Economics of Bratislava is considered. It actively cooperates with a number of universities of other countries, such as the University of International Business (Almaty), the Eurasian National University named after LN Gumilyov (Astana) and the Institute of Social and Humanitarian Knowledge (Kazan). В статье показаны преимущества использования современных средств электронного обучения при подготовке специалистов для минерально-сырьевого комплекса и рассмотрены основные принципы организации обучения с использованием этих средств. Описывается опыт использования средств электронного обучения с использованием зарубежных учебно-методических материалов и привлечением иностранных профессоров. Особое внимание уделяется рассмотрению среды электронного обучения Сетевой академии Cisco Cisco NetAcad. Описывается опыт преподавания в Сетевой академии Санкт-Петербургского горного университета. Подробно рассматриваются современные виртуальные среды для проведения лабораторных работ, такие как Cisco Packet Tracer, GNS3 и Emulated Virtual Environment. Рассмотрен опыт использования технологий электронного обучения в Экономическом университете Братиславы, который активно сотрудничает с рядом университетов других стран, таких как Университет международного бизнеса (Алматы), Евразийский национальный университет имени Л.Н.Гумилева (Астана) и Институт социальных и гуманитарных знаний (Казань). №4 (226) (2017)

Принятие комплекса законодательных актов в сфере энергетики, объединяемых термином Energiewende , существенно изменило структуру потребления энергии в Германии: в настоящее время наи-большую долю в ней занимает зеленая энергия, выработанная за счет использования ветра, солнца, воды и биомассы. Подобные изменения, безусловно, можно расценивать как успех. Однако, одновременно с целена-правленным изменением структуры производства и потребления энергии в Германии возникли определенные социально-политические, экономические и юридические проблемы, требующие тщательного изучения. Дискус-сионным является вопрос о соответствии целей и предлагаемых мер их достижения, в частности, в отношении бесперебойности энергообеспечения, расширения электрических сетей, совершенствования подхода к ценооб-разованию, экологических последствий с учетом курса на тотальное расширение производства энергии за счет возобновляемых источников. Актуальными для Германии и затрагивающими энергетическую политику России являются вопросы ускоренного сворачивания ядерной энергетики и легитимности национального курса Герма-нии на продвижение зеленой энергетики в контексте интеграции с Европейским энергетическим рынком. В статье выполнен анализ указанного комплекса проблем и охарактеризована роль национального законода-тельства Германии в их решении. from wind, solar, water and biomass now provides the largest contribution to the total electricity consumption. In this respect, Energiewende can be regarded as an overall success. But in parallel to this scenario, a critical discourse has evolved concerning socio-political, economic and legal issues. The congruence of objectives and measures for example, in regards to ensuring security of supply, expansion of electricity networks, development of electricity price and envi-ronmental consequences in the course of expansion of electricity generation from renewable sources is the main focus of socio-political and economic discussions. Accelerated phase-out of nuclear energy and constitutional disputes regarding the legality of national orientation of the promotional scheme for green electricity in respect to the integration of German electricity sector in the European internal market for energy are in the centre of the debate and have a remarkable impact on the energy policy in Russia as well. Against this background, present article examines the con-tribution of German Energiewende to the resolution of complex challenges of the developed industrial society. №4 (226) (2017)

The work relates to the problems of using heat pumps in district heating systems. The aim of the study is to increase the energy economic efficiency of combined heat supply systems with heat pumps using natural refrigerants. This goal is achieved by developing a scheme of the system in which part of the building is heated centrally from the CHP, and the other part is from a heat pump installed in the building, and heat pump which receives low potential heat from the return network water leaving the part of the building, - centralized, and from outside air. The most significant results of the work are the developed scheme of a carbon dioxide heat pump, which combines both the possibilities of working in a quantitative heat supply system and when preparing hot water for buildings in a non-heating period. The significance of the obtained results lies in the fact that the proposed technical solution allows to reduce significantly fuel consumption for thermal power plants and the costs of consumers when they pay for consumed energy. Heat pump circuits have also been established for the quantitative law of regulating the operation mode of the heat supply system. With the proposed scheme of operation, the heat pump for domestic hot water works only in the non-heating period, and domestic hot water is provided during the heating period from the CHP.

The article considers mathematical approach to environmental quality management to improve the ecological comfort of living for the population. The problem of environmental management is described using a multi-factor model of quality of the environment with the weight coefficients of the importance of its components: atmospheric air, acoustic impact, soil, water resources, and green spaces, accessibility of natural and recreational areas. The values of weight coefficients of importance of influencing factors for environmentally comfortable living are determined by the method of expert assessment. A multi-factor model is used for detailed assessment of the ecological quality of the urban environment. The proposed quantitative approach also allows to compare the environmental comfort of the different residential districts or to study the dynamics of environmental comfort of specific urban area. Much attention is paid to scientific and methodological principles of management and the formation of the concept of «environmental quality». The strategy of environmental management with ecological foundation of various practical solution is shown. The plan of measures on organization of optimal management of quality of the environment to improve comfort of living for the population of the residential microdistrict of Tiraspol is presented. Graphical scheme of the results of integral analysis of various environmental indicators and assessments for improving the comfort of the environment is given. Realization of environmental quality management of the urban areas on the basis of a multi-factor model contributes to the gradual change of dangerous ecological conditions of environmental factors, to increase a comfort of the territory taking into account the real preferences and needs of the population.

The purification of industrial and surface wastewater from heavy metal ions (HMI) to requirements for the discharge of treated wastewater into natural waters is one of the most complicated environmental and technological problems. For the deep purification of waste water from the HMI, the use of cheap sorbents obtained from production waste is the most promising. One of the many-tonnage wastes of technology of inorganic substances is the sludge formed in the production of soda by the ammonia Solvay, s method. Currently, sludge is stored in sludge accumulators and is a long-term source of pollution of environmental objects. Scientific developments in the utilization of slimes with the production of building materials, etc., have not found wide practical use, which is due to the heterogeneity of the granulometric and chemical composition of the waste. Carried out X-ray phase analysis and studies of the physicochemical and chemical properties of waste samples showed that its main components are calcium carbonate (calcite) and calcium hydroxide (portlandite). It is known that the natural mineral limestone efficiently extracts HMI from aqueous solutions with the formation of less soluble basic salts, carbonates, and hydroxy carbonates of HM. It has been established that sludge samples have high sorption activity when copper(II) and zinc ions are extracted from low concentrated solutions (sorption capacity for copper ions is 35.0 mg/g, sorption capacity for zinc ions is 40 mg/g). To increase the operational properties, a method has been developed for the production of a modified granular sorbent based on the sludge of soda production, consisting in treating with sodium silicate. The effect of a dose of sodium silicate in the sorbent composition on the mechanical strength and sorption properties of the obtained samples was studied. It has been established that the introduction of 8,6% SiO2 into the sludge leads to an increase in the mechanical strength by 50–80%, and does not have a significant effect on the sorption activity of the material. The kinetic and sorption regularities of extraction of copper(II) ions and zinc on modified sorbents are revealed. Based on the analysis of the adsorption isotherms obtained, the adsorption equilibrium constants and maximum adsorption values (Amax (Cu2+) = 50.8 mg/g; Amax (Zn2+) = 97.1 mg/g) were determined. Obtained sorption materials can be recommended for wastewater treatment from HMI.

The article describes the main results of a sociological survey of the Russian population on the problem of dyslexia and dysgraphia in children. В статье представлены основные результаты социологического опроса населения России по проблеме дислексии и дисграфии у детей. Специальное образование, Issue № 3 (55), Pages 36-49