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description Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Other literature type 2009Publisher:OpenAlex Antonio Bombelli; Matieu Henry; Simona Castaldi; Stephen Adu‐Bredu; Almut Arneth; A. de Grandcourt; Elisa Grieco; Werner L. Kutsch; Veiko Lehsten; A. Rasile; Markus Reichstein; Kevin Tansey; Ulrich Weber;Résumé. Cette étude présente un aperçu sommaire du bilan carbone de l'Afrique subsaharienne (Ass) en synthétisant les données disponibles des communications nationales à la CCNUCC et les premiers résultats du projet CarboAfrica (productivité nette des écosystèmes et émissions provenant des incendies, de la déforestation et de la dégradation des forêts, par estimation sur le terrain et par modèle). Selon ces estimations préliminaires, le bilan carbone global de la SSA varie de 0,43 Pg C y−1 (en utilisant des mesures in situ pour la NEP de la savane) à un puits beaucoup plus élevé de 2,53 Pg C y−1 (en utilisant des estimations de modèle pour la NEP de la savane). Les estimations de la CCNUCC conduisent à un puits de carbone modéré de 0,58 Pg C y−1. En excluant les perturbations anthropiques et les événements épisodiques intrinsèques, l'absorption de carbone par les forêts (0,98 Pg C y−1) et les savanes (de 1,38 à 3,48 Pg C y−1, selon la méthodologie utilisée) sont les principales composantes de l'effet puits SSA. Les incendies (0,72 Pg C y−1), la déforestation (0,25 Pg C y−1) et la dégradation des forêts (0,77 Pg C y−1) sont les principaux contributeurs aux émissions de carbone de l'Afrique subsaharienne, tandis que le secteur agricole ne contribue qu'avec 0,12 Pg C y−1. Notamment, l'impact de la dégradation des forêts est plus élevé que celui causé par la déforestation, et le bilan carbone net forestier de l'Ass est proche de l'équilibre. Les savanes jouent un rôle majeur dans la formation du bilan carbone de l'Afrique subsaharienne, en raison de leur grande étendue, de leur régime d'incendie et de leur forte variabilité interannuelle de la NEP, mais elles constituent également une incertitude majeure dans le budget global. Cet article montre que l'Afrique joue un rôle clé dans le système mondial du cycle du carbone et pourrait probablement avoir un potentiel de séquestration du carbone plus élevé que prévu, même s'il reste très incertain. Des recherches supplémentaires sont nécessaires, en particulier pour mieux aborder le rôle des savanes et des forêts tropicales. Le réseau actuel de mesures du carbone de CarboAfrica pourrait fournir de futurs ensembles de données uniques pour mieux estimer le bilan carbone africain. Resumen. Este estudio presenta una visión general resumida del balance de carbono del África subsahariana (SSA) mediante la síntesis de los datos disponibles de las comunicaciones nacionales a la CMNUCC y los primeros resultados del proyecto CarboAfrica (productividad neta del ecosistema y emisiones de incendios, deforestación y degradación forestal, por estimaciones de campo y modelo). De acuerdo con estas estimaciones preliminares, el balance general de carbono de SSA varía de 0.43 Pg C y−1 (utilizando mediciones in situ para NEP de sabana) a un sumidero mucho mayor de 2.53 Pg C y−1 (utilizando estimaciones modelo para NEP de sabana). Las estimaciones de la CMNUCC conducen a un sumidero de carbono moderado de 0,58 Pg C y−1. Excluyendo la perturbación antropogénica y los eventos episódicos intrínsecos, la absorción de carbono por los bosques (0.98 Pg C y−1) y las sabanas (de 1.38 a 3.48 Pg C y−1, dependiendo de la metodología utilizada) son los principales componentes del efecto sumidero de SSA. Los incendios (0.72 Pg C y−1), la deforestación (0.25 Pg C y−1) y la degradación forestal (0.77 Pg C y−1) son los principales contribuyentes a las emisiones de carbono SSA, mientras que el sector agrícola contribuye solo con 0.12 Pg C y−1. En particular, el impacto de la degradación forestal es mayor que el causado por la deforestación, y el balance neto de carbono del bosque SSA está cerca del equilibrio. Las sabanas desempeñan un papel importante en la configuración del equilibrio de carbono de la SSA, debido a su gran extensión territorial, su régimen de incendios y su fuerte variabilidad interanual de la NEP, pero también son una gran incertidumbre en el presupuesto general. Este documento muestra que África desempeña un papel clave en el sistema global del ciclo del carbono y probablemente podría tener un potencial de secuestro de carbono superior al esperado, aunque todavía muy incierto. Se necesitan más investigaciones, en particular para abordar mejor el papel de las sabanas y los bosques tropicales. La red actual de mediciones de carbono de CarboAfrica podría proporcionar futuros conjuntos de datos únicos para estimar mejor el balance de carbono africano. ملخص. تقدم هذه الدراسة لمحة عامة موجزة عن توازن الكربون في أفريقيا جنوب الصحراء الكبرى (SSA) من خلال توليف البيانات المتاحة من البلاغات الوطنية المقدمة إلى اتفاقية الأمم المتحدة الإطارية بشأن تغير المناخ والنتائج الأولى من مشروع CarboAfrica (صافي إنتاجية النظام الإيكولوجي والانبعاثات الناجمة عن الحرائق وإزالة الغابات وتدهور الغابات، حسب التقديرات الميدانية والنموذجية). وفقًا لهذه التقديرات الأولية، يتراوح رصيد الكربون الإجمالي لـ SSA من 0.43 Pg C y−1 (باستخدام قياسات في الموقع لـ SAVANA NEP) إلى حوض أعلى بكثير من 2.53 Pg C y−1 (باستخدام تقديرات نموذجية لـ SAVANA NEP). تؤدي تقديرات اتفاقية الأمم المتحدة الإطارية بشأن تغير المناخ إلى بالوعة كربون معتدلة تبلغ 0.58 بيكوغرام من الكربون -1. وباستثناء الاضطرابات البشرية المنشأ والأحداث العرضية الجوهرية، فإن امتصاص الكربون من قبل الغابات (0.98 بيكوغرام من الكربون في السنة-1) والسافانا (من 1.38 إلى 3.48 بيكوغرام من الكربون في السنة-1، اعتمادًا على المنهجية المستخدمة) هي المكونات الرئيسية لتأثير بالوعة منطقة جنوب الصحراء الكبرى. الحرائق (0.72 Pg C y−1) وإزالة الغابات (0.25 Pg C y−1) وتدهور الغابات (0.77 Pg C y−1) هي العوامل الرئيسية المساهمة في انبعاثات الكربون في منطقة جنوب الصحراء الكبرى، بينما يساهم القطاع الزراعي فقط بـ 0.12 Pg C y−1. والجدير بالذكر أن تأثير تدهور الغابات أعلى من ذلك الناجم عن إزالة الغابات، كما أن توازن الكربون الصافي للغابات في منطقة جنوب الصحراء الكبرى يقترب من التوازن. تلعب السافانا دورًا رئيسيًا في تشكيل توازن الكربون في منطقة جنوب الصحراء الكبرى، نظرًا لمساحتها الكبيرة، ونظام الحريق الخاص بها، وتقلبها القوي في NEP بين السنوات، ولكنها أيضًا تشكل عدم يقين كبير في الميزانية الإجمالية. تُظهر هذه الورقة أن أفريقيا تلعب دورًا رئيسيًا في نظام دورة الكربون العالمي وربما يمكن أن يكون لديها إمكانية لعزل الكربون أعلى من المتوقع، حتى لو كان لا يزال غير مؤكد إلى حد كبير. هناك حاجة إلى مزيد من التحقيقات، لا سيما لمعالجة دور السافانا والغابات الاستوائية بشكل أفضل. يمكن لشبكة CarboAfrica الحالية لقياسات الكربون أن توفر مجموعات بيانات فريدة في المستقبل لتقدير توازن الكربون الأفريقي بشكل أفضل. Abstract. This study presents a summary overview of the carbon balance of Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) by synthesizing the available data from national communications to UNFCCC and first results from the project CarboAfrica (net ecosystem productivity and emissions from fires, deforestation and forest degradation, by field and model estimates). According to these preliminary estimates the overall carbon balance of SSA varies from 0.43 Pg C y−1 (using in situ measurements for savanna NEP) to a much higher sink of 2.53 Pg C y−1 (using model estimates for savanna NEP). UNFCCC estimates lead to a moderate carbon sink of 0.58 Pg C y−1. Excluding anthropogenic disturbance and intrinsic episodic events, the carbon uptake by forests (0.98 Pg C y−1) and savannas (from 1.38 to 3.48 Pg C y−1, depending on the used methodology) are the main components of the SSA sink effect. Fires (0.72 Pg C y−1), deforestation (0.25 Pg C y−1) and forest degradation (0.77 Pg C y−1) are the main contributors to the SSA carbon emissions, while the agricultural sector contributes only with 0.12 Pg C y−1. Notably, the impact of forest degradation is higher than that caused by deforestation, and the SSA forest net carbon balance is close to equilibrium. Savannas play a major role in shaping the SSA carbon balance, due to their large areal extent, their fire regime, and their strong interannual NEP variability, but they are also a major uncertainty in the overall budget. This paper shows that Africa plays a key role in the global carbon cycle system and probably could have a potential for carbon sequestration higher than expected, even if still highly uncertain. Further investigations are needed, particularly to better address the role of savannas and tropical forests. The current CarboAfrica network of carbon measurements could provide future unique data sets for better estimating the African carbon balance.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article , Other literature type 2022 NetherlandsPublisher:Springer Science and Business Media LLC Wantong Li; Mirco Migliavacca; Matthias Forkel; Jasper M. C. Denissen; Markus Reichstein; Hui Yang; Gregory Duveiller; Ulrich Weber; Rene Orth;pmid: 35803919
pmc: PMC9270344
AbstractGlobal vegetation and associated ecosystem services critically depend on soil moisture availability which has decreased in many regions during the last three decades. While spatial patterns of vegetation sensitivity to global soil water have been recently investigated, long-term changes in vegetation sensitivity to soil water availability are still unclear. Here we assess global vegetation sensitivity to soil moisture during 1982-2017 by applying explainable machine learning with observation-based leaf area index (LAI) and hydro-climate anomaly data. We show that LAI sensitivity to soil moisture significantly increases in many semi-arid and arid regions. LAI sensitivity trends are associated with multiple hydro-climate and ecological variables, and strongest increasing trends occur in the most water-sensitive regions which additionally experience declining precipitation. State-of-the-art land surface models do not reproduce this increasing sensitivity as they misrepresent water-sensitive regions and sensitivity strength. Our sensitivity results imply an increasing ecosystem vulnerability to water availability which can lead to exacerbated reductions in vegetation carbon uptake under future intensified drought, consequently amplifying climate change.
Nature Communication... arrow_drop_down Wageningen Staff PublicationsArticle . 2022License: CC BYData sources: Wageningen Staff Publicationsadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euAccess RoutesGreen gold 170 citations 170 popularity Top 1% influence Top 10% impulse Top 0.1% Powered by BIP!
more_vert Nature Communication... arrow_drop_down Wageningen Staff PublicationsArticle . 2022License: CC BYData sources: Wageningen Staff Publicationsadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article , Other literature type , Journal 2021 NetherlandsPublisher:Wiley Funded by:EC | VERIFYEC| VERIFYMaurizio Santoro; Simon Besnard; Simon Besnard; Nora Linscheid; Sujan Koirala; Richard Nair; Ulrich Weber; Naixin Fan; Oliver Cartus; Nuno Carvalhais; Nuno Carvalhais;pmid: 34498351
AbstractThe responses of forest carbon dynamics to fluctuations in environmental conditions at a global scale remain elusive. Despite the understanding that favourable environmental conditions promote forest growth, these responses have been challenging to observe across different ecosystems and climate gradients. Based on a global annual time series of aboveground biomass (AGB) estimated from radar satellites between 1992 and 2018, we present forest carbon changes and provide insights on their sensitivities to environmental conditions across scales. Our findings indicate differences in forest carbon changes across AGB classes, with regions with carbon stocks of 50–125 MgC ha−1 depict the highest forest carbon gains and losses, while regions with 125–150 MgC ha−1 have the lowest forest carbon gains and losses in absolute terms. Net forest carbon change estimates show that the arc‐of‐deforestation and the Congo Basin were the main hotspots of forest carbon loss, while a substantial part of European forest gained carbon during the last three decades. Furthermore, we observe that changes in forest carbon stocks were systematically positively correlated with changes in forest cover fraction. At the same time, it was not necessarily the case with other environmental variables, such as air temperature and water availability at the bivariate level. We also used a model attribution method to demonstrate that atmospheric conditions were the dominant control of forest carbon changes (56% of the total study area) followed by water‐related (29% of the total study area) and vegetation (15% of the total study area) conditions. Regionally, we find evidence that carbon gains from long‐term forest growth covary with long‐term carbon sinks inferred from atmospheric inversions. Our results describe the contributions from the atmosphere, water‐related and vegetation conditions to forest carbon changes and provide new insights into the underlying mechanisms of the coupling between forest growth and the global carbon cycle.
Global Change Biolog... arrow_drop_down Wageningen Staff PublicationsArticle . 2021License: CC BY NC NDData sources: Wageningen Staff Publicationsadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.1111/gcb.15877&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euAccess RoutesGreen hybrid 20 citations 20 popularity Top 10% influence Top 10% impulse Top 10% Powered by BIP!
more_vert Global Change Biolog... arrow_drop_down Wageningen Staff PublicationsArticle . 2021License: CC BY NC NDData sources: Wageningen Staff Publicationsadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.1111/gcb.15877&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article , Other literature type , Journal 2021 Netherlands, FrancePublisher:Copernicus GmbH Funded by:EC | VERIFYEC| VERIFYS. Besnard; S. Besnard; S. Koirala; M. Santoro; U. Weber; J. Nelson; J. Gütter; J. Gütter; B. Herault; B. Herault; J. Kassi; A. N'Guessan; C. Neigh; B. Poulter; T. Zhang; T. Zhang; N. Carvalhais; N. Carvalhais;Abstract. Forest age can determine the capacity of a forest to uptake carbon from the atmosphere. Yet, a lack of global diagnostics that reflect the forest stage and associated disturbance regimes hampers the quantification of age-related differences in forest carbon dynamics. In this study, we provide a new global distribution of forest age circa 2010, estimated using a machine learning approach trained with more than 40,000 plots using forest inventory, biomass and climate data. First, evaluation against the plot level forest age measurements reveals that the data-driven method has a relatively good predictive capacity of classifying old-growth vs. non-old-growth (precision = 0.81 and 0.99 for old-growth and non-old-growth, respectively) forests and estimating corresponding forest ages (NSE = 0.6 and RMSE = 50 years). Yet, there are systematic biases with overestimation in young and underestimation in old forest stands, respectively. Globally, we find a large variability of forest age with the old-growth forests in the tropical regions of Amazon and Congo, and young forests in China and intermediate stands in Europe. On the other hand, we find that the regions with high rates of deforestation or forest degradation (e.g., the arc of deforestation in the Amazon) are largely composed of younger stands. Assessment of forest age in the climate-space shows that the old-forests are either in cold and dry regions or in warm and wet regions, while young-intermediate forests span a large climatic gradient. Finally, a comparison between the presented forest age estimates with a series of regional products reveals differences rooted in different approaches as well as in different in-situ observations and global-scale products. Despite showing robustness in cross-validation results, additional methodological insights on further developments should as much as possible harmonize data across the different approaches. The forest age dataset presented here provides additional insights into the global distribution of forest age in support of a better understanding of the global dynamics in the forest water and carbon cycles. The forest age datasets are openly available at https://doi.org/10.17871/ForestAgeBGI.2021 (Besnard et al., 2021). For anonymous access during review, please refer to the data availability section below.
https://doi.org/10.5... arrow_drop_down https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2...Article . 2021 . Peer-reviewedLicense: CC BYData sources: CrossrefEarth System Science Data (ESSD)Article . 2021 . Peer-reviewedLicense: CC BYData sources: CrossrefWageningen Staff PublicationsArticle . 2021License: CC BYData sources: Wageningen Staff Publicationsadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.5194/essd-2021-77&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eu74 citations 74 popularity Top 1% influence Top 10% impulse Top 1% Powered by BIP!
more_vert https://doi.org/10.5... arrow_drop_down https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2...Article . 2021 . Peer-reviewedLicense: CC BYData sources: CrossrefEarth System Science Data (ESSD)Article . 2021 . Peer-reviewedLicense: CC BYData sources: CrossrefWageningen Staff PublicationsArticle . 2021License: CC BYData sources: Wageningen Staff Publicationsadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.5194/essd-2021-77&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article , Other literature type 2023 United States, Belgium, SpainPublisher:Springer Science and Business Media LLC Wantong Li; Javier Pacheco-Labrador; Mirco Migliavacca; Diego Miralles; Anne Hoek van Dijke; Markus Reichstein; Matthias Forkel; Weijie Zhang; Christian Frankenberg; Annu Panwar; Qian Zhang; Ulrich Weber; Pierre Gentine; Rene Orth;pmid: 37582763
pmc: PMC10427636
AbstractThe response of vegetation physiology to drought at large spatial scales is poorly understood due to a lack of direct observations. Here, we study vegetation drought responses related to photosynthesis, evaporation, and vegetation water content using remotely sensed data, and we isolate physiological responses using a machine learning technique. We find that vegetation functional decreases are largely driven by the downregulation of vegetation physiology such as stomatal conductance and light use efficiency, with the strongest downregulation in water-limited regions. Vegetation physiological decreases in wet regions also result in a discrepancy between functional and structural changes under severe drought. We find similar patterns of physiological drought response using simulations from a soil–plant–atmosphere continuum model coupled with a radiative transfer model. Observation-derived vegetation physiological responses to drought across space are mainly controlled by aridity and additionally modulated by abnormal hydro-meteorological conditions and vegetation types. Hence, isolating and quantifying vegetation physiological responses to drought enables a better understanding of ecosystem biogeochemical and biophysical feedback in modulating climate change.
Caltech Authors (Cal... arrow_drop_down Caltech Authors (California Institute of Technology)Article . 2023License: CC BYFull-Text: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7971319Data sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)Recolector de Ciencia Abierta, RECOLECTAArticle . 2023 . Peer-reviewedData sources: Recolector de Ciencia Abierta, RECOLECTAGhent University Academic BibliographyArticle . 2023Data sources: Ghent University Academic Bibliographyadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.1038/s41467-023-40226-9&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euAccess RoutesGreen gold 51 citations 51 popularity Top 10% influence Top 10% impulse Top 1% Powered by BIP!
visibility 49visibility views 49 download downloads 64 Powered bymore_vert Caltech Authors (Cal... arrow_drop_down Caltech Authors (California Institute of Technology)Article . 2023License: CC BYFull-Text: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7971319Data sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)Recolector de Ciencia Abierta, RECOLECTAArticle . 2023 . Peer-reviewedData sources: Recolector de Ciencia Abierta, RECOLECTAGhent University Academic BibliographyArticle . 2023Data sources: Ghent University Academic Bibliographyadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Other literature type 2009Publisher:OpenAlex Antonio Bombelli; Matieu Henry; Simona Castaldi; Stephen Adu‐Bredu; Almut Arneth; A. de Grandcourt; Elisa Grieco; Werner L. Kutsch; Veiko Lehsten; A. Rasile; Markus Reichstein; Kevin Tansey; Ulrich Weber;Résumé. Cette étude donne un aperçu du bilan carbone de l'Afrique subsaharienne (Ass) en présentant un résumé des résultats actuellement disponibles du projet CarboAfrica (à savoir la productivité nette des écosystèmes et les émissions provenant des incendies, de la déforestation et de la dégradation des forêts, par estimations sur le terrain et par modèles) complétés par des données bibliographiques et comparés à une nouvelle synthèse des données des communications nationales à la CCNUCC. Selon ces estimations préliminaires, le bilan de carbone biogénique de la SSA varie de 0,16 Pg C y−1 à un puits beaucoup plus élevé de 1,00 Pg C y−1 (en fonction des données sources). Les estimations des modèles donneraient un puits irréaliste de 3,23 Pg C y−1, confirmant leur inadéquation actuelle lorsqu'elles sont appliquées à l'Afrique. L'absorption de carbone par les forêts et les savanes (0,34 et 1,89 Pg C y−1, respectivement) sont les principaux contributeurs au puits résultant. Les incendies (0,72 Pg C y−1) et la déforestation (0,25 Pg C y−1) sont les principaux contributeurs aux émissions de carbone de l'Afrique subsaharienne, tandis que le secteur agricole et la dégradation des forêts ne contribuent qu'avec 0,12 et 0,08 Pg C y−1, respectivement. Les savanes jouent un rôle majeur dans la formation du bilan carbone de l'Afrique subsaharienne, en raison de leur grande extension, de leur régime d'incendie et de leur forte variabilité interannuelle de la NEP, mais elles constituent également une incertitude majeure dans le budget global. Même si les émissions de combustibles fossiles de l'Afrique subsaharienne sont relativement faibles, elles peuvent être cruciales pour définir le signe du bilan carbone global de l'Afrique subsaharienne en réduisant le potentiel de puits naturel, en particulier à l'avenir. Cet article montre que l'Afrique joue un rôle clé dans le système mondial du cycle du carbone et pourrait probablement avoir un potentiel de séquestration du carbone plus élevé que prévu, même s'il reste très incertain. Des recherches supplémentaires sont nécessaires, en particulier pour mieux aborder le rôle des savanes et des forêts tropicales et pour améliorer les modèles biogéochimiques. Le réseau CarboAfrica de mesures du carbone pourrait fournir de futurs ensembles de données uniques pour mieux estimer le bilan carbone africain. Resumen. Este estudio ofrece una perspectiva sobre el balance de carbono del África subsahariana (SSA) al presentar un resumen de los resultados actualmente disponibles del proyecto CarboAfrica (a saber, la productividad neta del ecosistema y las emisiones de incendios, deforestación y degradación forestal, por estimaciones de campo y modelo) complementado por datos bibliográficos y en comparación con una nueva síntesis de los datos de las comunicaciones nacionales a la CMNUCC. De acuerdo con estas estimaciones preliminares, el balance de carbono biogénico de SSA varía de 0.16 Pg C y−1 a un sumidero mucho mayor de 1.00 Pg C y−1 (dependiendo de los datos de origen). Las estimaciones de los modelos darían un sumidero poco realista de 3.23 Pg C y−1, lo que confirma su insuficiencia actual cuando se aplican a África. La absorción de carbono por los bosques y las sabanas (0,34 y 1,89 Pg C y−1, respectivamente) son los principales contribuyentes al sumidero resultante. Los incendios (0.72 Pg C y−1) y la deforestación (0.25 Pg C y−1) son los principales contribuyentes a las emisiones de carbono de SSA, mientras que el sector agrícola y la degradación forestal contribuyen solo con 0.12 y 0.08 Pg C y−1, respectivamente. Las sabanas desempeñan un papel importante en la configuración del equilibrio de carbono de la SSA, debido a su gran extensión, su régimen de incendios y su fuerte variabilidad interanual de la NEP, pero también son una gran incertidumbre en el presupuesto general. Incluso si las emisiones de combustibles fósiles de SSA son relativamente bajas, pueden ser cruciales para definir el signo del balance general de carbono de SSA al reducir el potencial de sumidero natural, especialmente en el futuro. Este documento muestra que África desempeña un papel clave en el sistema global del ciclo del carbono y probablemente podría tener un potencial de secuestro de carbono superior al esperado, aunque todavía muy incierto. Se necesitan más investigaciones, particularmente para abordar mejor el papel de las sabanas y los bosques tropicales y para mejorar los modelos biogeoquímicos. La red CarboAfrica de mediciones de carbono podría proporcionar futuros conjuntos de datos únicos para estimar mejor el balance de carbono africano. Abstract. This study gives an outlook on the carbon balance of Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) by presenting a summary of currently available results from the project CarboAfrica (namely net ecosystem productivity and emissions from fires, deforestation and forest degradation, by field and model estimates) supplemented by bibliographic data and compared with a new synthesis of the data from national communications to UNFCCC. According to these preliminary estimates the biogenic carbon balance of SSA varies from 0.16 Pg C y−1 to a much higher sink of 1.00 Pg C y−1 (depending on the source data). Models estimates would give an unrealistic sink of 3.23 Pg C y−1, confirming their current inadequacy when applied to Africa. The carbon uptake by forests and savannas (0.34 and 1.89 Pg C y−1, respectively,) are the main contributors to the resulting sink. Fires (0.72 Pg C y−1) and deforestation (0.25 Pg C y−1) are the main contributors to the SSA carbon emissions, while the agricultural sector and forest degradation contributes only with 0.12 and 0.08 Pg C y−1, respectively. Savannas play a major role in shaping the SSA carbon balance, due to their large extension, their fire regime, and their strong interannual NEP variability, but they are also a major uncertainty in the overall budget. Even if fossil fuel emissions from SSA are relative low, they can be crucial in defining the sign of the overall SSA carbon balance by reducing the natural sink potential, especially in the future. This paper shows that Africa plays a key role in the global carbon cycle system and probably could have a potential for carbon sequestration higher than expected, even if still highly uncertain. Further investigations are needed, particularly to better address the role of savannas and tropical forests and to improve biogeochemical models. The CarboAfrica network of carbon measurements could provide future unique data sets for better estimating the African carbon balance. ملخص. تقدم هذه الدراسة نظرة مستقبلية على توازن الكربون في أفريقيا جنوب الصحراء الكبرى (SSA) من خلال تقديم ملخص للنتائج المتاحة حاليًا من مشروع CarboAfrica (أي صافي إنتاجية النظام الإيكولوجي والانبعاثات الناتجة عن الحرائق وإزالة الغابات وتدهور الغابات، حسب التقديرات الميدانية والنموذجية) مكملة ببيانات ببليوغرافية ومقارنة بتوليف جديد للبيانات المستمدة من البلاغات الوطنية المقدمة إلى اتفاقية الأمم المتحدة الإطارية بشأن تغير المناخ. وفقًا لهذه التقديرات الأولية، يتراوح توازن الكربون الحيوي المنشأ لـ SSA من 0.16 Pg C y−1 إلى حوض أعلى بكثير من 1.00 Pg C y−1 (اعتمادًا على بيانات المصدر). ستعطي تقديرات النماذج بالوعة غير واقعية تبلغ 3.23 بيكوغرام C y−1، مما يؤكد عدم كفايتها الحالية عند تطبيقها على إفريقيا. امتصاص الكربون من قبل الغابات والسافانا (0.34 و 1.89 بيكوغرام C y−1، على التوالي،) هي المساهمين الرئيسيين في الحوض الناتج. الحرائق (0.72 بيكوغرام C y−1) وإزالة الغابات (0.25 بيكوغرام C y−1) هما المساهمان الرئيسيان في انبعاثات الكربون من منطقة جنوب الصحراء الكبرى، في حين أن القطاع الزراعي وتدهور الغابات يساهمان فقط بـ 0.12 و 0.08 بيكوغرام C y−1، على التوالي. تلعب السافانا دورًا رئيسيًا في تشكيل توازن الكربون في منطقة جنوب الصحراء الكبرى، نظرًا لتمديدها الكبير، ونظام الحريق الخاص بها، وتقلبها القوي في NEP بين السنوات، ولكنها أيضًا تشكل عدم يقين كبير في الميزانية الإجمالية. حتى لو كانت انبعاثات الوقود الأحفوري من منطقة جنوب الصحراء الكبرى منخفضة نسبيًا، فيمكن أن تكون حاسمة في تحديد علامة التوازن الكلي للكربون في منطقة جنوب الصحراء الكبرى عن طريق تقليل إمكانات الحوض الطبيعي، خاصة في المستقبل. تُظهر هذه الورقة أن أفريقيا تلعب دورًا رئيسيًا في نظام دورة الكربون العالمي وربما يمكن أن يكون لديها إمكانية لعزل الكربون أعلى من المتوقع، حتى لو كان لا يزال غير مؤكد إلى حد كبير. هناك حاجة إلى مزيد من التحقيقات، لا سيما لمعالجة دور السافانا والغابات الاستوائية بشكل أفضل وتحسين النماذج الجيوكيميائية الحيوية. يمكن لشبكة CarboAfrica لقياسات الكربون أن توفر مجموعات بيانات فريدة في المستقبل لتقدير توازن الكربون الأفريقي بشكل أفضل.
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description Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Other literature type 2009Publisher:OpenAlex Antonio Bombelli; Matieu Henry; Simona Castaldi; Stephen Adu‐Bredu; Almut Arneth; A. de Grandcourt; Elisa Grieco; Werner L. Kutsch; Veiko Lehsten; A. Rasile; Markus Reichstein; Kevin Tansey; Ulrich Weber;Résumé. Cette étude présente un aperçu sommaire du bilan carbone de l'Afrique subsaharienne (Ass) en synthétisant les données disponibles des communications nationales à la CCNUCC et les premiers résultats du projet CarboAfrica (productivité nette des écosystèmes et émissions provenant des incendies, de la déforestation et de la dégradation des forêts, par estimation sur le terrain et par modèle). Selon ces estimations préliminaires, le bilan carbone global de la SSA varie de 0,43 Pg C y−1 (en utilisant des mesures in situ pour la NEP de la savane) à un puits beaucoup plus élevé de 2,53 Pg C y−1 (en utilisant des estimations de modèle pour la NEP de la savane). Les estimations de la CCNUCC conduisent à un puits de carbone modéré de 0,58 Pg C y−1. En excluant les perturbations anthropiques et les événements épisodiques intrinsèques, l'absorption de carbone par les forêts (0,98 Pg C y−1) et les savanes (de 1,38 à 3,48 Pg C y−1, selon la méthodologie utilisée) sont les principales composantes de l'effet puits SSA. Les incendies (0,72 Pg C y−1), la déforestation (0,25 Pg C y−1) et la dégradation des forêts (0,77 Pg C y−1) sont les principaux contributeurs aux émissions de carbone de l'Afrique subsaharienne, tandis que le secteur agricole ne contribue qu'avec 0,12 Pg C y−1. Notamment, l'impact de la dégradation des forêts est plus élevé que celui causé par la déforestation, et le bilan carbone net forestier de l'Ass est proche de l'équilibre. Les savanes jouent un rôle majeur dans la formation du bilan carbone de l'Afrique subsaharienne, en raison de leur grande étendue, de leur régime d'incendie et de leur forte variabilité interannuelle de la NEP, mais elles constituent également une incertitude majeure dans le budget global. Cet article montre que l'Afrique joue un rôle clé dans le système mondial du cycle du carbone et pourrait probablement avoir un potentiel de séquestration du carbone plus élevé que prévu, même s'il reste très incertain. Des recherches supplémentaires sont nécessaires, en particulier pour mieux aborder le rôle des savanes et des forêts tropicales. Le réseau actuel de mesures du carbone de CarboAfrica pourrait fournir de futurs ensembles de données uniques pour mieux estimer le bilan carbone africain. Resumen. Este estudio presenta una visión general resumida del balance de carbono del África subsahariana (SSA) mediante la síntesis de los datos disponibles de las comunicaciones nacionales a la CMNUCC y los primeros resultados del proyecto CarboAfrica (productividad neta del ecosistema y emisiones de incendios, deforestación y degradación forestal, por estimaciones de campo y modelo). De acuerdo con estas estimaciones preliminares, el balance general de carbono de SSA varía de 0.43 Pg C y−1 (utilizando mediciones in situ para NEP de sabana) a un sumidero mucho mayor de 2.53 Pg C y−1 (utilizando estimaciones modelo para NEP de sabana). Las estimaciones de la CMNUCC conducen a un sumidero de carbono moderado de 0,58 Pg C y−1. Excluyendo la perturbación antropogénica y los eventos episódicos intrínsecos, la absorción de carbono por los bosques (0.98 Pg C y−1) y las sabanas (de 1.38 a 3.48 Pg C y−1, dependiendo de la metodología utilizada) son los principales componentes del efecto sumidero de SSA. Los incendios (0.72 Pg C y−1), la deforestación (0.25 Pg C y−1) y la degradación forestal (0.77 Pg C y−1) son los principales contribuyentes a las emisiones de carbono SSA, mientras que el sector agrícola contribuye solo con 0.12 Pg C y−1. En particular, el impacto de la degradación forestal es mayor que el causado por la deforestación, y el balance neto de carbono del bosque SSA está cerca del equilibrio. Las sabanas desempeñan un papel importante en la configuración del equilibrio de carbono de la SSA, debido a su gran extensión territorial, su régimen de incendios y su fuerte variabilidad interanual de la NEP, pero también son una gran incertidumbre en el presupuesto general. Este documento muestra que África desempeña un papel clave en el sistema global del ciclo del carbono y probablemente podría tener un potencial de secuestro de carbono superior al esperado, aunque todavía muy incierto. Se necesitan más investigaciones, en particular para abordar mejor el papel de las sabanas y los bosques tropicales. La red actual de mediciones de carbono de CarboAfrica podría proporcionar futuros conjuntos de datos únicos para estimar mejor el balance de carbono africano. ملخص. تقدم هذه الدراسة لمحة عامة موجزة عن توازن الكربون في أفريقيا جنوب الصحراء الكبرى (SSA) من خلال توليف البيانات المتاحة من البلاغات الوطنية المقدمة إلى اتفاقية الأمم المتحدة الإطارية بشأن تغير المناخ والنتائج الأولى من مشروع CarboAfrica (صافي إنتاجية النظام الإيكولوجي والانبعاثات الناجمة عن الحرائق وإزالة الغابات وتدهور الغابات، حسب التقديرات الميدانية والنموذجية). وفقًا لهذه التقديرات الأولية، يتراوح رصيد الكربون الإجمالي لـ SSA من 0.43 Pg C y−1 (باستخدام قياسات في الموقع لـ SAVANA NEP) إلى حوض أعلى بكثير من 2.53 Pg C y−1 (باستخدام تقديرات نموذجية لـ SAVANA NEP). تؤدي تقديرات اتفاقية الأمم المتحدة الإطارية بشأن تغير المناخ إلى بالوعة كربون معتدلة تبلغ 0.58 بيكوغرام من الكربون -1. وباستثناء الاضطرابات البشرية المنشأ والأحداث العرضية الجوهرية، فإن امتصاص الكربون من قبل الغابات (0.98 بيكوغرام من الكربون في السنة-1) والسافانا (من 1.38 إلى 3.48 بيكوغرام من الكربون في السنة-1، اعتمادًا على المنهجية المستخدمة) هي المكونات الرئيسية لتأثير بالوعة منطقة جنوب الصحراء الكبرى. الحرائق (0.72 Pg C y−1) وإزالة الغابات (0.25 Pg C y−1) وتدهور الغابات (0.77 Pg C y−1) هي العوامل الرئيسية المساهمة في انبعاثات الكربون في منطقة جنوب الصحراء الكبرى، بينما يساهم القطاع الزراعي فقط بـ 0.12 Pg C y−1. والجدير بالذكر أن تأثير تدهور الغابات أعلى من ذلك الناجم عن إزالة الغابات، كما أن توازن الكربون الصافي للغابات في منطقة جنوب الصحراء الكبرى يقترب من التوازن. تلعب السافانا دورًا رئيسيًا في تشكيل توازن الكربون في منطقة جنوب الصحراء الكبرى، نظرًا لمساحتها الكبيرة، ونظام الحريق الخاص بها، وتقلبها القوي في NEP بين السنوات، ولكنها أيضًا تشكل عدم يقين كبير في الميزانية الإجمالية. تُظهر هذه الورقة أن أفريقيا تلعب دورًا رئيسيًا في نظام دورة الكربون العالمي وربما يمكن أن يكون لديها إمكانية لعزل الكربون أعلى من المتوقع، حتى لو كان لا يزال غير مؤكد إلى حد كبير. هناك حاجة إلى مزيد من التحقيقات، لا سيما لمعالجة دور السافانا والغابات الاستوائية بشكل أفضل. يمكن لشبكة CarboAfrica الحالية لقياسات الكربون أن توفر مجموعات بيانات فريدة في المستقبل لتقدير توازن الكربون الأفريقي بشكل أفضل. Abstract. This study presents a summary overview of the carbon balance of Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) by synthesizing the available data from national communications to UNFCCC and first results from the project CarboAfrica (net ecosystem productivity and emissions from fires, deforestation and forest degradation, by field and model estimates). According to these preliminary estimates the overall carbon balance of SSA varies from 0.43 Pg C y−1 (using in situ measurements for savanna NEP) to a much higher sink of 2.53 Pg C y−1 (using model estimates for savanna NEP). UNFCCC estimates lead to a moderate carbon sink of 0.58 Pg C y−1. Excluding anthropogenic disturbance and intrinsic episodic events, the carbon uptake by forests (0.98 Pg C y−1) and savannas (from 1.38 to 3.48 Pg C y−1, depending on the used methodology) are the main components of the SSA sink effect. Fires (0.72 Pg C y−1), deforestation (0.25 Pg C y−1) and forest degradation (0.77 Pg C y−1) are the main contributors to the SSA carbon emissions, while the agricultural sector contributes only with 0.12 Pg C y−1. Notably, the impact of forest degradation is higher than that caused by deforestation, and the SSA forest net carbon balance is close to equilibrium. Savannas play a major role in shaping the SSA carbon balance, due to their large areal extent, their fire regime, and their strong interannual NEP variability, but they are also a major uncertainty in the overall budget. This paper shows that Africa plays a key role in the global carbon cycle system and probably could have a potential for carbon sequestration higher than expected, even if still highly uncertain. Further investigations are needed, particularly to better address the role of savannas and tropical forests. The current CarboAfrica network of carbon measurements could provide future unique data sets for better estimating the African carbon balance.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article , Other literature type 2022 NetherlandsPublisher:Springer Science and Business Media LLC Wantong Li; Mirco Migliavacca; Matthias Forkel; Jasper M. C. Denissen; Markus Reichstein; Hui Yang; Gregory Duveiller; Ulrich Weber; Rene Orth;pmid: 35803919
pmc: PMC9270344
AbstractGlobal vegetation and associated ecosystem services critically depend on soil moisture availability which has decreased in many regions during the last three decades. While spatial patterns of vegetation sensitivity to global soil water have been recently investigated, long-term changes in vegetation sensitivity to soil water availability are still unclear. Here we assess global vegetation sensitivity to soil moisture during 1982-2017 by applying explainable machine learning with observation-based leaf area index (LAI) and hydro-climate anomaly data. We show that LAI sensitivity to soil moisture significantly increases in many semi-arid and arid regions. LAI sensitivity trends are associated with multiple hydro-climate and ecological variables, and strongest increasing trends occur in the most water-sensitive regions which additionally experience declining precipitation. State-of-the-art land surface models do not reproduce this increasing sensitivity as they misrepresent water-sensitive regions and sensitivity strength. Our sensitivity results imply an increasing ecosystem vulnerability to water availability which can lead to exacerbated reductions in vegetation carbon uptake under future intensified drought, consequently amplifying climate change.
Nature Communication... arrow_drop_down Wageningen Staff PublicationsArticle . 2022License: CC BYData sources: Wageningen Staff Publicationsadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euAccess RoutesGreen gold 170 citations 170 popularity Top 1% influence Top 10% impulse Top 0.1% Powered by BIP!
more_vert Nature Communication... arrow_drop_down Wageningen Staff PublicationsArticle . 2022License: CC BYData sources: Wageningen Staff Publicationsadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article , Other literature type , Journal 2021 NetherlandsPublisher:Wiley Funded by:EC | VERIFYEC| VERIFYMaurizio Santoro; Simon Besnard; Simon Besnard; Nora Linscheid; Sujan Koirala; Richard Nair; Ulrich Weber; Naixin Fan; Oliver Cartus; Nuno Carvalhais; Nuno Carvalhais;pmid: 34498351
AbstractThe responses of forest carbon dynamics to fluctuations in environmental conditions at a global scale remain elusive. Despite the understanding that favourable environmental conditions promote forest growth, these responses have been challenging to observe across different ecosystems and climate gradients. Based on a global annual time series of aboveground biomass (AGB) estimated from radar satellites between 1992 and 2018, we present forest carbon changes and provide insights on their sensitivities to environmental conditions across scales. Our findings indicate differences in forest carbon changes across AGB classes, with regions with carbon stocks of 50–125 MgC ha−1 depict the highest forest carbon gains and losses, while regions with 125–150 MgC ha−1 have the lowest forest carbon gains and losses in absolute terms. Net forest carbon change estimates show that the arc‐of‐deforestation and the Congo Basin were the main hotspots of forest carbon loss, while a substantial part of European forest gained carbon during the last three decades. Furthermore, we observe that changes in forest carbon stocks were systematically positively correlated with changes in forest cover fraction. At the same time, it was not necessarily the case with other environmental variables, such as air temperature and water availability at the bivariate level. We also used a model attribution method to demonstrate that atmospheric conditions were the dominant control of forest carbon changes (56% of the total study area) followed by water‐related (29% of the total study area) and vegetation (15% of the total study area) conditions. Regionally, we find evidence that carbon gains from long‐term forest growth covary with long‐term carbon sinks inferred from atmospheric inversions. Our results describe the contributions from the atmosphere, water‐related and vegetation conditions to forest carbon changes and provide new insights into the underlying mechanisms of the coupling between forest growth and the global carbon cycle.
Global Change Biolog... arrow_drop_down Wageningen Staff PublicationsArticle . 2021License: CC BY NC NDData sources: Wageningen Staff Publicationsadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euAccess RoutesGreen hybrid 20 citations 20 popularity Top 10% influence Top 10% impulse Top 10% Powered by BIP!
more_vert Global Change Biolog... arrow_drop_down Wageningen Staff PublicationsArticle . 2021License: CC BY NC NDData sources: Wageningen Staff Publicationsadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article , Other literature type , Journal 2021 Netherlands, FrancePublisher:Copernicus GmbH Funded by:EC | VERIFYEC| VERIFYS. Besnard; S. Besnard; S. Koirala; M. Santoro; U. Weber; J. Nelson; J. Gütter; J. Gütter; B. Herault; B. Herault; J. Kassi; A. N'Guessan; C. Neigh; B. Poulter; T. Zhang; T. Zhang; N. Carvalhais; N. Carvalhais;Abstract. Forest age can determine the capacity of a forest to uptake carbon from the atmosphere. Yet, a lack of global diagnostics that reflect the forest stage and associated disturbance regimes hampers the quantification of age-related differences in forest carbon dynamics. In this study, we provide a new global distribution of forest age circa 2010, estimated using a machine learning approach trained with more than 40,000 plots using forest inventory, biomass and climate data. First, evaluation against the plot level forest age measurements reveals that the data-driven method has a relatively good predictive capacity of classifying old-growth vs. non-old-growth (precision = 0.81 and 0.99 for old-growth and non-old-growth, respectively) forests and estimating corresponding forest ages (NSE = 0.6 and RMSE = 50 years). Yet, there are systematic biases with overestimation in young and underestimation in old forest stands, respectively. Globally, we find a large variability of forest age with the old-growth forests in the tropical regions of Amazon and Congo, and young forests in China and intermediate stands in Europe. On the other hand, we find that the regions with high rates of deforestation or forest degradation (e.g., the arc of deforestation in the Amazon) are largely composed of younger stands. Assessment of forest age in the climate-space shows that the old-forests are either in cold and dry regions or in warm and wet regions, while young-intermediate forests span a large climatic gradient. Finally, a comparison between the presented forest age estimates with a series of regional products reveals differences rooted in different approaches as well as in different in-situ observations and global-scale products. Despite showing robustness in cross-validation results, additional methodological insights on further developments should as much as possible harmonize data across the different approaches. The forest age dataset presented here provides additional insights into the global distribution of forest age in support of a better understanding of the global dynamics in the forest water and carbon cycles. The forest age datasets are openly available at https://doi.org/10.17871/ForestAgeBGI.2021 (Besnard et al., 2021). For anonymous access during review, please refer to the data availability section below.
https://doi.org/10.5... arrow_drop_down https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2...Article . 2021 . Peer-reviewedLicense: CC BYData sources: CrossrefEarth System Science Data (ESSD)Article . 2021 . Peer-reviewedLicense: CC BYData sources: CrossrefWageningen Staff PublicationsArticle . 2021License: CC BYData sources: Wageningen Staff Publicationsadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.5194/essd-2021-77&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eu74 citations 74 popularity Top 1% influence Top 10% impulse Top 1% Powered by BIP!
more_vert https://doi.org/10.5... arrow_drop_down https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2...Article . 2021 . Peer-reviewedLicense: CC BYData sources: CrossrefEarth System Science Data (ESSD)Article . 2021 . Peer-reviewedLicense: CC BYData sources: CrossrefWageningen Staff PublicationsArticle . 2021License: CC BYData sources: Wageningen Staff Publicationsadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.5194/essd-2021-77&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article , Other literature type 2023 United States, Belgium, SpainPublisher:Springer Science and Business Media LLC Wantong Li; Javier Pacheco-Labrador; Mirco Migliavacca; Diego Miralles; Anne Hoek van Dijke; Markus Reichstein; Matthias Forkel; Weijie Zhang; Christian Frankenberg; Annu Panwar; Qian Zhang; Ulrich Weber; Pierre Gentine; Rene Orth;pmid: 37582763
pmc: PMC10427636
AbstractThe response of vegetation physiology to drought at large spatial scales is poorly understood due to a lack of direct observations. Here, we study vegetation drought responses related to photosynthesis, evaporation, and vegetation water content using remotely sensed data, and we isolate physiological responses using a machine learning technique. We find that vegetation functional decreases are largely driven by the downregulation of vegetation physiology such as stomatal conductance and light use efficiency, with the strongest downregulation in water-limited regions. Vegetation physiological decreases in wet regions also result in a discrepancy between functional and structural changes under severe drought. We find similar patterns of physiological drought response using simulations from a soil–plant–atmosphere continuum model coupled with a radiative transfer model. Observation-derived vegetation physiological responses to drought across space are mainly controlled by aridity and additionally modulated by abnormal hydro-meteorological conditions and vegetation types. Hence, isolating and quantifying vegetation physiological responses to drought enables a better understanding of ecosystem biogeochemical and biophysical feedback in modulating climate change.
Caltech Authors (Cal... arrow_drop_down Caltech Authors (California Institute of Technology)Article . 2023License: CC BYFull-Text: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7971319Data sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)Recolector de Ciencia Abierta, RECOLECTAArticle . 2023 . Peer-reviewedData sources: Recolector de Ciencia Abierta, RECOLECTAGhent University Academic BibliographyArticle . 2023Data sources: Ghent University Academic Bibliographyadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.1038/s41467-023-40226-9&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euAccess RoutesGreen gold 51 citations 51 popularity Top 10% influence Top 10% impulse Top 1% Powered by BIP!
visibility 49visibility views 49 download downloads 64 Powered bymore_vert Caltech Authors (Cal... arrow_drop_down Caltech Authors (California Institute of Technology)Article . 2023License: CC BYFull-Text: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7971319Data sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)Recolector de Ciencia Abierta, RECOLECTAArticle . 2023 . Peer-reviewedData sources: Recolector de Ciencia Abierta, RECOLECTAGhent University Academic BibliographyArticle . 2023Data sources: Ghent University Academic Bibliographyadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.1038/s41467-023-40226-9&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Other literature type 2009Publisher:OpenAlex Antonio Bombelli; Matieu Henry; Simona Castaldi; Stephen Adu‐Bredu; Almut Arneth; A. de Grandcourt; Elisa Grieco; Werner L. Kutsch; Veiko Lehsten; A. Rasile; Markus Reichstein; Kevin Tansey; Ulrich Weber;Résumé. Cette étude donne un aperçu du bilan carbone de l'Afrique subsaharienne (Ass) en présentant un résumé des résultats actuellement disponibles du projet CarboAfrica (à savoir la productivité nette des écosystèmes et les émissions provenant des incendies, de la déforestation et de la dégradation des forêts, par estimations sur le terrain et par modèles) complétés par des données bibliographiques et comparés à une nouvelle synthèse des données des communications nationales à la CCNUCC. Selon ces estimations préliminaires, le bilan de carbone biogénique de la SSA varie de 0,16 Pg C y−1 à un puits beaucoup plus élevé de 1,00 Pg C y−1 (en fonction des données sources). Les estimations des modèles donneraient un puits irréaliste de 3,23 Pg C y−1, confirmant leur inadéquation actuelle lorsqu'elles sont appliquées à l'Afrique. L'absorption de carbone par les forêts et les savanes (0,34 et 1,89 Pg C y−1, respectivement) sont les principaux contributeurs au puits résultant. Les incendies (0,72 Pg C y−1) et la déforestation (0,25 Pg C y−1) sont les principaux contributeurs aux émissions de carbone de l'Afrique subsaharienne, tandis que le secteur agricole et la dégradation des forêts ne contribuent qu'avec 0,12 et 0,08 Pg C y−1, respectivement. Les savanes jouent un rôle majeur dans la formation du bilan carbone de l'Afrique subsaharienne, en raison de leur grande extension, de leur régime d'incendie et de leur forte variabilité interannuelle de la NEP, mais elles constituent également une incertitude majeure dans le budget global. Même si les émissions de combustibles fossiles de l'Afrique subsaharienne sont relativement faibles, elles peuvent être cruciales pour définir le signe du bilan carbone global de l'Afrique subsaharienne en réduisant le potentiel de puits naturel, en particulier à l'avenir. Cet article montre que l'Afrique joue un rôle clé dans le système mondial du cycle du carbone et pourrait probablement avoir un potentiel de séquestration du carbone plus élevé que prévu, même s'il reste très incertain. Des recherches supplémentaires sont nécessaires, en particulier pour mieux aborder le rôle des savanes et des forêts tropicales et pour améliorer les modèles biogéochimiques. Le réseau CarboAfrica de mesures du carbone pourrait fournir de futurs ensembles de données uniques pour mieux estimer le bilan carbone africain. Resumen. Este estudio ofrece una perspectiva sobre el balance de carbono del África subsahariana (SSA) al presentar un resumen de los resultados actualmente disponibles del proyecto CarboAfrica (a saber, la productividad neta del ecosistema y las emisiones de incendios, deforestación y degradación forestal, por estimaciones de campo y modelo) complementado por datos bibliográficos y en comparación con una nueva síntesis de los datos de las comunicaciones nacionales a la CMNUCC. De acuerdo con estas estimaciones preliminares, el balance de carbono biogénico de SSA varía de 0.16 Pg C y−1 a un sumidero mucho mayor de 1.00 Pg C y−1 (dependiendo de los datos de origen). Las estimaciones de los modelos darían un sumidero poco realista de 3.23 Pg C y−1, lo que confirma su insuficiencia actual cuando se aplican a África. La absorción de carbono por los bosques y las sabanas (0,34 y 1,89 Pg C y−1, respectivamente) son los principales contribuyentes al sumidero resultante. Los incendios (0.72 Pg C y−1) y la deforestación (0.25 Pg C y−1) son los principales contribuyentes a las emisiones de carbono de SSA, mientras que el sector agrícola y la degradación forestal contribuyen solo con 0.12 y 0.08 Pg C y−1, respectivamente. Las sabanas desempeñan un papel importante en la configuración del equilibrio de carbono de la SSA, debido a su gran extensión, su régimen de incendios y su fuerte variabilidad interanual de la NEP, pero también son una gran incertidumbre en el presupuesto general. Incluso si las emisiones de combustibles fósiles de SSA son relativamente bajas, pueden ser cruciales para definir el signo del balance general de carbono de SSA al reducir el potencial de sumidero natural, especialmente en el futuro. Este documento muestra que África desempeña un papel clave en el sistema global del ciclo del carbono y probablemente podría tener un potencial de secuestro de carbono superior al esperado, aunque todavía muy incierto. Se necesitan más investigaciones, particularmente para abordar mejor el papel de las sabanas y los bosques tropicales y para mejorar los modelos biogeoquímicos. La red CarboAfrica de mediciones de carbono podría proporcionar futuros conjuntos de datos únicos para estimar mejor el balance de carbono africano. Abstract. This study gives an outlook on the carbon balance of Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) by presenting a summary of currently available results from the project CarboAfrica (namely net ecosystem productivity and emissions from fires, deforestation and forest degradation, by field and model estimates) supplemented by bibliographic data and compared with a new synthesis of the data from national communications to UNFCCC. According to these preliminary estimates the biogenic carbon balance of SSA varies from 0.16 Pg C y−1 to a much higher sink of 1.00 Pg C y−1 (depending on the source data). Models estimates would give an unrealistic sink of 3.23 Pg C y−1, confirming their current inadequacy when applied to Africa. The carbon uptake by forests and savannas (0.34 and 1.89 Pg C y−1, respectively,) are the main contributors to the resulting sink. Fires (0.72 Pg C y−1) and deforestation (0.25 Pg C y−1) are the main contributors to the SSA carbon emissions, while the agricultural sector and forest degradation contributes only with 0.12 and 0.08 Pg C y−1, respectively. Savannas play a major role in shaping the SSA carbon balance, due to their large extension, their fire regime, and their strong interannual NEP variability, but they are also a major uncertainty in the overall budget. Even if fossil fuel emissions from SSA are relative low, they can be crucial in defining the sign of the overall SSA carbon balance by reducing the natural sink potential, especially in the future. This paper shows that Africa plays a key role in the global carbon cycle system and probably could have a potential for carbon sequestration higher than expected, even if still highly uncertain. Further investigations are needed, particularly to better address the role of savannas and tropical forests and to improve biogeochemical models. The CarboAfrica network of carbon measurements could provide future unique data sets for better estimating the African carbon balance. ملخص. تقدم هذه الدراسة نظرة مستقبلية على توازن الكربون في أفريقيا جنوب الصحراء الكبرى (SSA) من خلال تقديم ملخص للنتائج المتاحة حاليًا من مشروع CarboAfrica (أي صافي إنتاجية النظام الإيكولوجي والانبعاثات الناتجة عن الحرائق وإزالة الغابات وتدهور الغابات، حسب التقديرات الميدانية والنموذجية) مكملة ببيانات ببليوغرافية ومقارنة بتوليف جديد للبيانات المستمدة من البلاغات الوطنية المقدمة إلى اتفاقية الأمم المتحدة الإطارية بشأن تغير المناخ. وفقًا لهذه التقديرات الأولية، يتراوح توازن الكربون الحيوي المنشأ لـ SSA من 0.16 Pg C y−1 إلى حوض أعلى بكثير من 1.00 Pg C y−1 (اعتمادًا على بيانات المصدر). ستعطي تقديرات النماذج بالوعة غير واقعية تبلغ 3.23 بيكوغرام C y−1، مما يؤكد عدم كفايتها الحالية عند تطبيقها على إفريقيا. امتصاص الكربون من قبل الغابات والسافانا (0.34 و 1.89 بيكوغرام C y−1، على التوالي،) هي المساهمين الرئيسيين في الحوض الناتج. الحرائق (0.72 بيكوغرام C y−1) وإزالة الغابات (0.25 بيكوغرام C y−1) هما المساهمان الرئيسيان في انبعاثات الكربون من منطقة جنوب الصحراء الكبرى، في حين أن القطاع الزراعي وتدهور الغابات يساهمان فقط بـ 0.12 و 0.08 بيكوغرام C y−1، على التوالي. تلعب السافانا دورًا رئيسيًا في تشكيل توازن الكربون في منطقة جنوب الصحراء الكبرى، نظرًا لتمديدها الكبير، ونظام الحريق الخاص بها، وتقلبها القوي في NEP بين السنوات، ولكنها أيضًا تشكل عدم يقين كبير في الميزانية الإجمالية. حتى لو كانت انبعاثات الوقود الأحفوري من منطقة جنوب الصحراء الكبرى منخفضة نسبيًا، فيمكن أن تكون حاسمة في تحديد علامة التوازن الكلي للكربون في منطقة جنوب الصحراء الكبرى عن طريق تقليل إمكانات الحوض الطبيعي، خاصة في المستقبل. تُظهر هذه الورقة أن أفريقيا تلعب دورًا رئيسيًا في نظام دورة الكربون العالمي وربما يمكن أن يكون لديها إمكانية لعزل الكربون أعلى من المتوقع، حتى لو كان لا يزال غير مؤكد إلى حد كبير. هناك حاجة إلى مزيد من التحقيقات، لا سيما لمعالجة دور السافانا والغابات الاستوائية بشكل أفضل وتحسين النماذج الجيوكيميائية الحيوية. يمكن لشبكة CarboAfrica لقياسات الكربون أن توفر مجموعات بيانات فريدة في المستقبل لتقدير توازن الكربون الأفريقي بشكل أفضل.
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