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description Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article , Journal 2019 AustraliaPublisher:IOP Publishing Funded by:ARC | Discovery Early Career Re...ARC| Discovery Early Career Researcher Award - Grant ID: DE180100638handle: 11343/226754
Abstract How the pattern of the Earth’s surface warming will change under global warming represents a fundamental question for our understanding of the climate system with implications for regional projections. Despite the importance of this problem there have been few analyses of nonlinear local temperature change as a function of global warming. Individual climate models project nonlinearities, but drivers of nonlinear local change are poorly understood. Here, I present a framework for the identification and quantification of local nonlinearities using a time-slice analysis of a multi-model ensemble. Accelerated local warming is more likely over land than ocean per unit global warming. By examining changes across the model ensemble, I show that models that exhibit summertime drying over mid-latitude land regions, such as in central Europe, tend to also project locally accelerated warming relative to global warming, and vice versa. A case study illustrating some uses of this framework for nonlinearity identification and analysis is presented for north-eastern Australia. In this region, model nonlinear warming in summertime is strongly connected to changes in precipitation, incoming shortwave radiation, and evaporative fraction. In north-eastern Australia, model nonlinearity is also connected to projections for El Niño. Uncertainty in nonlinear local warming patterns contributes to the spread in regional climate projections, so attempts to constrain projections are explored. This study provides a framework for the identification of local temperature nonlinearities as a function of global warming and analysis of associated drivers under prescribed global warming levels.
add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.1088/1748-9326/ab1976&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euAccess Routesgold 20 citations 20 popularity Top 10% influence Top 10% impulse Top 10% Powered by BIP!
more_vert add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.1088/1748-9326/ab1976&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article , Journal 2020 Korea (Republic of), Spain, Australia, Korea (Republic of)Publisher:American Geophysical Union (AGU) Funded by:EC | EUCP, ARC | Discovery Early Career Re...EC| EUCP ,ARC| Discovery Early Career Researcher Award - Grant ID: DE180100638Authors: Qiaohong Sun; Seungmok Paik;Andrew D. King;
Andrew D. King
Andrew D. King in OpenAIREXuebin Zhang;
+3 AuthorsXuebin Zhang
Xuebin Zhang in OpenAIREQiaohong Sun; Seungmok Paik;Andrew D. King;
Andrew D. King
Andrew D. King in OpenAIREXuebin Zhang;
Xuebin Zhang
Xuebin Zhang in OpenAIREMarkus G. Donat;
Markus G. Donat
Markus G. Donat in OpenAIRESeung-Ki Min;
Seung-Ki Min;Seung-Ki Min
Seung-Ki Min in OpenAIREdoi: 10.1029/2019gl086875
handle: 2117/328209 , 11343/241499
AbstractThis study conducts a detection and attribution analysis of the observed changes in extreme precipitation during 1951–2015. Observed and CMIP6 multimodel simulated changes in annual maximum daily and consecutive 5‐day precipitation are compared using an optimal fingerprinting technique for different spatial scales from global land, Northern Hemisphere extratropics, tropics, three continental regions (North America and western and eastern Eurasia), and global “dry” and “wet” land areas (as defined by their average extreme precipitation intensities). Results indicate that anthropogenic greenhouse gas influence is robustly detected in the observed intensification of extreme precipitation over the global land and most of the subregions considered, all with clear separation from natural and anthropogenic aerosol forcings. Also, the human‐induced greenhouse gas increases are found to be a dominant contributor to the observed increase in extreme precipitation intensity, which largely follows the increased moisture availability under global warming.
Universitat Politècn... arrow_drop_down Geophysical Research LettersArticleLicense: publisher-specific, author manuscriptData sources: UnpayWallRecolector de Ciencia Abierta, RECOLECTAArticle . 2020 . Peer-reviewedData sources: Recolector de Ciencia Abierta, RECOLECTAUPCommons. Portal del coneixement obert de la UPCArticle . 2020 . Peer-reviewedData sources: UPCommons. Portal del coneixement obert de la UPCGeophysical Research LettersArticle . 2020 . Peer-reviewedLicense: Wiley Online Library User AgreementData sources: CrossrefGeophysical Research LettersArticleLicense: Wiley Online Library User AgreementData sources: SygmaGeophysical Research LettersArticle . 2020 . Peer-reviewedData sources: European Union Open Data PortalThe University of Melbourne: Digital RepositoryArticle . 2020Data sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.1029/2019gl086875&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euAccess RoutesGreen gold 74 citations 74 popularity Top 1% influence Top 10% impulse Top 1% Powered by BIP!
visibility 35visibility views 35 download downloads 43 Powered bymore_vert Universitat Politècn... arrow_drop_down Geophysical Research LettersArticleLicense: publisher-specific, author manuscriptData sources: UnpayWallRecolector de Ciencia Abierta, RECOLECTAArticle . 2020 . Peer-reviewedData sources: Recolector de Ciencia Abierta, RECOLECTAUPCommons. Portal del coneixement obert de la UPCArticle . 2020 . Peer-reviewedData sources: UPCommons. Portal del coneixement obert de la UPCGeophysical Research LettersArticle . 2020 . Peer-reviewedLicense: Wiley Online Library User AgreementData sources: CrossrefGeophysical Research LettersArticleLicense: Wiley Online Library User AgreementData sources: SygmaGeophysical Research LettersArticle . 2020 . Peer-reviewedData sources: European Union Open Data PortalThe University of Melbourne: Digital RepositoryArticle . 2020Data sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.1029/2019gl086875&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article , Conference object , Journal 2019 Australia, United KingdomPublisher:IOP Publishing Funded by:ARC | Future Fellowships - Gran..., ARC | Discovery Early Career Re..., ARC | Discovery Early Career Re... +1 projectsARC| Future Fellowships - Grant ID: FT170100106 ,ARC| Discovery Early Career Researcher Award - Grant ID: DE180100638 ,ARC| Discovery Early Career Researcher Award - Grant ID: DE160100092 ,UKRI| MaRIUS: Managing the Risks, Impacts and Uncertainties of droughts and water ScarcityAuthors:Luke J Harrington;
Sophie Lewis;Luke J Harrington
Luke J Harrington in OpenAIRESarah E Perkins-Kirkpatrick;
Sarah E Perkins-Kirkpatrick
Sarah E Perkins-Kirkpatrick in OpenAIREAndrew D King;
+1 AuthorsAndrew D King
Andrew D King in OpenAIRELuke J Harrington;
Sophie Lewis;Luke J Harrington
Luke J Harrington in OpenAIRESarah E Perkins-Kirkpatrick;
Sarah E Perkins-Kirkpatrick
Sarah E Perkins-Kirkpatrick in OpenAIREAndrew D King;
Andrew D King
Andrew D King in OpenAIREFriederike E L Otto;
Friederike E L Otto
Friederike E L Otto in OpenAIREhandle: 11343/225795
Global-average temperatures are a powerful metric for both long-term climate change policy, and also to measure the aggregate fluctuations in weather experienced around the world. However, here we show how the consideration of anomalies in annual temperatures at the global land-average scale, particularly during extremely hot years, tends to overestimate the perceived severity of extreme heat actually felt by local communities during these events. Thus, when global-mean temperatures are used as a proxy to infer the role of climate change on the likelihood of witnessing hot years, the component of extreme event risk attributed to human influence can also be overstated. This study suggests multiple alternative approaches to characterise extreme weather events which have complex spatial signatures, each of which improve the representation of perceived experiences from the event when compared with the default approach of using area-averaged time-series. However, as the definition of an extreme event becomes more specific to the observed characteristics witnessed, changes are needed in the way researchers discuss the likelihood of witnessing ‘similar events’ with future climate change. Using the example of the 2016 hot year, we propose an alternative framework, termed the ‘Time of Maximum Similarity’, to show that events like the record-breaking annual temperatures of 2016 are most likely to be witnessed between 2010–2037, with hot years thereafter becoming significantly more severe than the heat of 2016.
Environmental Resear... arrow_drop_down Oxford University Research ArchiveArticle . 2018License: CC BYData sources: Oxford University Research ArchiveThe University of Melbourne: Digital RepositoryArticle . 2019Data sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.1088/1748-9326/aaf2dc&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euAccess RoutesGreen gold 7 citations 7 popularity Top 10% influence Average impulse Top 10% Powered by BIP!
more_vert Environmental Resear... arrow_drop_down Oxford University Research ArchiveArticle . 2018License: CC BYData sources: Oxford University Research ArchiveThe University of Melbourne: Digital RepositoryArticle . 2019Data sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.1088/1748-9326/aaf2dc&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article , Journal , Other literature type 2015 AustraliaPublisher:IOP Publishing Funded by:EC | EUCLEIAEC| EUCLEIAAuthors:King, Andrew D.;
van Oldenborgh, G.J.;King, Andrew D.
King, Andrew D. in OpenAIREKaroly, David J;
Karoly, David J
Karoly, David J in OpenAIRELewis (previously Bretherton), Sophie;
+1 AuthorsLewis (previously Bretherton), Sophie
Lewis (previously Bretherton), Sophie in OpenAIREKing, Andrew D.;
van Oldenborgh, G.J.;King, Andrew D.
King, Andrew D. in OpenAIREKaroly, David J;
Karoly, David J
Karoly, David J in OpenAIRELewis (previously Bretherton), Sophie;
Cullen, Heidi;Lewis (previously Bretherton), Sophie
Lewis (previously Bretherton), Sophie in OpenAIREhandle: 11343/214076 , 1885/153330
In 2014, Central England experienced its warmest year in a record extending back to 1659. Using both state-of-the-art climate models and empirical techniques, our analysis shows a substantial and significant increase in the likelihood of record-breaking warm years, such as 2014, due to human influences on climate. With 90% confidence we find that anthropogenic forcings on the climate have increased the chances of record warm years in Central England by at least 13-fold. This study points to a large influence of human activities on extreme warm years despite the small region of study and the variable climate of Central England. Our analysis shows that climate change is clearly visible on the local-scale in this case.
Australian National ... arrow_drop_down Australian National University: ANU Digital CollectionsArticleFull-Text: http://hdl.handle.net/1885/153330Data sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748...Other literature typeData sources: European Union Open Data PortalThe University of Melbourne: Digital RepositoryArticle . 2015Data sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.1088/1748-9326/10/5/054002&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euAccess RoutesGreen gold 54 citations 54 popularity Top 10% influence Top 10% impulse Top 10% Powered by BIP!
more_vert Australian National ... arrow_drop_down Australian National University: ANU Digital CollectionsArticleFull-Text: http://hdl.handle.net/1885/153330Data sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748...Other literature typeData sources: European Union Open Data PortalThe University of Melbourne: Digital RepositoryArticle . 2015Data sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.1088/1748-9326/10/5/054002&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Other literature type 2023Publisher:OpenAlex Authors:Malte Meinshausen;
Malte Meinshausen
Malte Meinshausen in OpenAIRECarl‐Friedrich Schleussner;
Carl‐Friedrich Schleussner
Carl‐Friedrich Schleussner in OpenAIREKathleen Beyer;
Kathleen Beyer
Kathleen Beyer in OpenAIREG. E. Bodeker;
+37 AuthorsG. E. Bodeker
G. E. Bodeker in OpenAIREMalte Meinshausen;
Malte Meinshausen
Malte Meinshausen in OpenAIRECarl‐Friedrich Schleussner;
Carl‐Friedrich Schleussner
Carl‐Friedrich Schleussner in OpenAIREKathleen Beyer;
Kathleen Beyer
Kathleen Beyer in OpenAIREG. E. Bodeker;
G. E. Bodeker
G. E. Bodeker in OpenAIREOliviér Boucher;
Oliviér Boucher
Oliviér Boucher in OpenAIREJosep G. Canadell;
Josep G. Canadell
Josep G. Canadell in OpenAIREJ. S. Daniel;
Aïda Diongue‐Niang;J. S. Daniel
J. S. Daniel in OpenAIREFatima Driouech;
Fatima Driouech
Fatima Driouech in OpenAIREErich M. Fischer;
Erich M. Fischer
Erich M. Fischer in OpenAIREPiers M. Forster;
Piers M. Forster
Piers M. Forster in OpenAIREMichael Grose;
Michael Grose
Michael Grose in OpenAIREGerrit Hansen;
Zeke Hausfather;Gerrit Hansen
Gerrit Hansen in OpenAIRETatiana Ilyina;
Tatiana Ilyina
Tatiana Ilyina in OpenAIREJarmo Kikstra;
Jarmo Kikstra
Jarmo Kikstra in OpenAIREJoyce Kimutai;
Joyce Kimutai
Joyce Kimutai in OpenAIREAndrew D. King;
Andrew D. King
Andrew D. King in OpenAIREJune‐Yi Lee;
June‐Yi Lee
June‐Yi Lee in OpenAIREChris Lennard;
Chris Lennard
Chris Lennard in OpenAIRETabea Lissner;
Tabea Lissner
Tabea Lissner in OpenAIREAlexander Nauels;
Alexander Nauels
Alexander Nauels in OpenAIREGlen P. Peters;
Glen P. Peters
Glen P. Peters in OpenAIREAnna Pirani;
Anna Pirani
Anna Pirani in OpenAIREGian‐Kasper Plattner;
Hans O. Pörtner;Gian‐Kasper Plattner
Gian‐Kasper Plattner in OpenAIREJoeri Rogelj;
Joeri Rogelj
Joeri Rogelj in OpenAIREMaisa Rojas;
Maisa Rojas
Maisa Rojas in OpenAIREJoyashree Roy;
Joyashree Roy
Joyashree Roy in OpenAIREB. H. Samset;
B. H. Samset
B. H. Samset in OpenAIREBenjamin M. Sanderson;
Benjamin M. Sanderson
Benjamin M. Sanderson in OpenAIRERoland Séférian;
Roland Séférian
Roland Séférian in OpenAIRESonia I. Seneviratne;
Sonia I. Seneviratne
Sonia I. Seneviratne in OpenAIREChris Smith;
Chris Smith
Chris Smith in OpenAIRESophie Szopa;
Sophie Szopa
Sophie Szopa in OpenAIREAdelle Thomas;
Diana Ürge-Vorsatz;Adelle Thomas
Adelle Thomas in OpenAIREG. J. M. Velders;
G. J. M. Velders
G. J. M. Velders in OpenAIRETokuta Yokohata;
Tokuta Yokohata
Tokuta Yokohata in OpenAIRETilo Ziehn;
Tilo Ziehn
Tilo Ziehn in OpenAIREZebedee Nicholls;
Zebedee Nicholls
Zebedee Nicholls in OpenAIRERésumé. Dans chaque cycle d'évaluation du GIEC, une multitude de scénarios sont évalués, avec une portée et une importance différentes dans les différents groupes de travail et rapports spéciaux et leurs chapitres respectifs. Dans les rapports, l'ambition est d'intégrer les connaissances sur les futurs climatiques possibles dans les groupes de travail et les domaines de recherche scientifique sur la base d'un petit ensemble de « voies de cadrage », telles que les voies dites RCP du cinquième rapport d'évaluation du GIEC (AR5) et les scénarios SSP-RCP dans le sixième rapport d'évaluation (AR6). Cette perspective, initiée par les discussions lors de l'atelier du GIEC à Bangkok en avril 2023 sur « l'utilisation des scénarios dans le RE6 et les évaluations ultérieures », est destinée à servir d'une des contributions de la communauté pour mettre en évidence les besoins pour la prochaine génération de voies de cadrage qui est avancée sous l'égide du CMIP pour une utilisation dans le RE7 du GIEC. Ici, nous suggérons un certain nombre d'objectifs de recherche politique qu'un tel ensemble de voies d'encadrement devrait idéalement remplir, y compris les besoins d'atténuation pour atteindre les objectifs de l'Accord de Paris, les risques associés aux stratégies d'élimination du carbone, les conséquences du retard dans la mise en œuvre de cette atténuation, des conseils pour les besoins d'adaptation, les pertes et les dommages, et pour la réalisation de l'atténuation dans le contexte plus large des objectifs de développement sociétal. Sur la base de ce contexte, nous suggérons que la prochaine génération de scénarios climatiques pour les modèles du système terrestre évolue vers des « voies d'émission représentatives » (REP) et suggérons des catégories clés pour ces voies. Ces « voies d'encadrement » devraient répondre aux besoins les plus critiques en matière de politique d'atténuation et d'adaptation au cours des 5 à 10 prochaines années. À notre avis, les catégories les plus importantes sont celles qui sont pertinentes dans le contexte de l'objectif à long terme de l'Accord de Paris, en particulier une action immédiate (dépassement faible) de 1,5 °C et une action retardée (dépassement élevé) de 1,5 °C. Deux autres catégories clés sont une catégorie de trajectoire approximativement conforme aux objectifs politiques actuels (tels qu'exprimés d'ici 2023) à court et à long terme, et une catégorie d'émissions plus élevées qui est approximativement conforme aux « politiques actuelles » (telles qu'exprimées d'ici 2023). Nous plaidons également en faveur de la pertinence scientifique et politique de l'exploration de deux « mondes qui auraient pu l'être ». L'une de ces catégories a des trajectoires d'émissions élevées bien au-dessus de ce que les politiques actuelles impliquent, et l'autre a des trajectoires d'émissions très faibles qui supposent que les mesures d'atténuation mondiales visant à limiter le réchauffement à 1,5 °C sans dépassement ont commencé en 2015. Enfin, nous notons que la fourniture en temps opportun de nouvelles informations scientifiques sur les voies est essentielle pour éclairer l'élaboration et la mise en œuvre de la politique climatique. Pour le deuxième bilan mondial dans le cadre de l'Accord de Paris en 2028, et pour éclairer le développement ultérieur des contributions déterminées au niveau national (CDN) jusqu'en 2040, des contributions scientifiques sont nécessaires bien avant 2028. Ces besoins doivent être soigneusement pris en compte dans le calendrier d'élaboration des activités de modélisation communautaire, y compris celles menées dans le cadre du CMIP7. Resumen. En cada ciclo de Evaluación del IPCC, se evalúan una multitud de escenarios, con diferentes alcances y énfasis a lo largo de los diversos Grupos de Trabajo e Informes Especiales y sus respectivos capítulos. Dentro de los informes, la ambición es integrar el conocimiento sobre posibles futuros climáticos en los Grupos de Trabajo y los dominios de investigación científica basados en un pequeño conjunto de "vías de encuadre", como las llamadas vías RCP del Quinto Informe de Evaluación del IPCC (AR5) y los escenarios SSP-RCP en el Sexto Informe de Evaluación (AR6). Esta perspectiva, iniciada por las discusiones en el taller del IPCC en Bangkok en abril de 2023 sobre el "Uso de escenarios en el IE6 y evaluaciones posteriores", pretende servir como una de las contribuciones de la comunidad para resaltar las necesidades de la próxima generación de vías de encuadre que se está avanzando bajo el paraguas del CMIP para su uso en el IE7 del IPCC. Aquí sugerimos una serie de objetivos de investigación de políticas que ese conjunto de vías de encuadre debería cumplir idealmente, incluidas las necesidades de mitigación para cumplir los objetivos del Acuerdo de París, los riesgos asociados con las estrategias de eliminación de carbono, las consecuencias del retraso en la promulgación de esa mitigación, la orientación para las necesidades de adaptación, las pérdidas y los daños, y para lograr la mitigación en el contexto más amplio de los objetivos de desarrollo social. Con base en este contexto, sugerimos que la próxima generación de escenarios climáticos para los Modelos del Sistema Terrestre evolucione hacia 'Vías de Emisión Representativas' (REP) y sugerimos categorías clave para tales vías. Estas "vías de encuadre" deberían abordar las políticas de mitigación y las necesidades de adaptación más críticas en los próximos 5–10 años. En nuestra opinión, las categorías más importantes son las relevantes en el contexto del objetivo a largo plazo del Acuerdo de París, específicamente una vía de acción inmediata (sobrepaso bajo) de 1,5 °C y una vía de acción retardada (sobrepaso alto) de 1,5 °C. Otras dos categorías clave son una categoría de vía aproximadamente en línea con los objetivos políticos actuales (expresados para 2023) a corto y largo plazo, y una categoría de emisiones más altas que está aproximadamente en línea con las "políticas actuales" (expresadas para 2023). También defendemos la relevancia científica y política de explorar dos "mundos que podrían haber sido". Una de estas categorías tiene trayectorias de altas emisiones muy por encima de lo que implican las políticas actuales, y la otra tiene trayectorias de muy bajas emisiones que asumen que la acción de mitigación global en línea con la limitación del calentamiento a 1.5 ° C sin sobrepasar había comenzado en 2015. Finalmente, observamos que el suministro oportuno de nueva información científica sobre las vías es fundamental para informar el desarrollo y la implementación de la política climática. Para el segundo Balance Global bajo el Acuerdo de París en 2028, y para informar el desarrollo posterior de las Contribuciones Determinadas a Nivel Nacional (NDC) hasta 2040, se requieren insumos científicos mucho antes de 2028. Estas necesidades deben considerarse cuidadosamente en el cronograma de desarrollo de las actividades de modelado comunitario, incluidas las del CMIP7. Abstract. In every IPCC Assessment cycle, a multitude of scenarios are assessed, with different scope and emphasis throughout the various Working Group and Special Reports and their respective chapters. Within the reports, the ambition is to integrate knowledge on possible climate futures across the Working Groups and scientific research domains based on a small set of ‘framing pathways’, such as the so-called RCP pathways from the Fifth IPCC Assessment report (AR5) and the SSP-RCP scenarios in the Sixth Assessment Report (AR6). This perspective, initiated by discussions at the IPCC Bangkok workshop in April 2023 on the “Use of Scenarios in AR6 and Subsequent Assessments”, is intended to serve as one of the community contributions to highlight needs for the next generation of framing pathways that is being advanced under the CMIP umbrella for use in the IPCC AR7. Here we suggest a number of policy research objectives that such a set of framing pathways should ideally fulfil, including mitigation needs for meeting the Paris Agreement objectives, the risks associated with carbon removal strategies, the consequences of delay in enacting that mitigation, guidance for adaptation needs, loss and damage, and for achieving mitigation in the wider context of Societal Development goals. Based on this context we suggest that the next generation of climate scenarios for Earth System Models should evolve towards ‘Representative Emission Pathways’ (REPs) and suggest key categories for such pathways. These ‘framing pathways’ should address the most critical mitigation policy and adaptation needs over the next 5–10 years. In our view the most important categories are those relevant in the context of the Paris Agreement long-term goal, specifically an immediate action (low overshoot) 1.5 °C pathway, and a delayed action (high overshoot) 1.5 °C pathway. Two other key categories are a pathway category approximately in line with current (as expressed by 2023) near- and long-term policy objectives, and a higher emissions category that is approximately in line with “current policies” (as expressed by 2023). We also argue for the scientific and policy relevance in exploring two ‘worlds that could have been’. One of these categories has high emission trajectories well above what is implied by current policies, and the other has very low emission trajectories that assume that global mitigation action in line with limiting warming to 1.5 °C without overshoot had begun in 2015. Finally, we note that timely provision of new scientific information on pathways is critical to inform the development and implementation of climate policy. For the second Global Stocktake under the Paris Agreement in 2028, and to inform subsequent development of Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) up to 2040, scientific inputs are required well before 2028. These needs should be carefully considered in the development timeline of community modelling activities including those under CMIP7. الملخص. في كل دورة تقييم للهيئة الحكومية الدولية المعنية بتغير المناخ، يتم تقييم العديد من السيناريوهات، مع نطاق وتركيز مختلفين في مختلف مجموعات العمل والتقارير الخاصة وفصولها. ضمن التقارير، يتمثل الطموح في دمج المعرفة حول المستقبل المناخي المحتمل عبر مجموعات العمل ومجالات البحث العلمي بناءً على مجموعة صغيرة من "مسارات التأطير"، مثل ما يسمى مسارات RCP من تقرير التقييم الخامس للهيئة الحكومية الدولية المعنية بتغير المناخ (AR5) وسيناريوهات SSP - RCP في تقرير التقييم السادس (AR6). يهدف هذا المنظور، الذي بدأته المناقشات في ورشة عمل الفريق الحكومي الدولي المعني بتغير المناخ في بانكوك في أبريل 2023 حول "استخدام السيناريوهات في التقرير التقييمي السادس والتقييمات اللاحقة"، إلى أن يكون أحد مساهمات المجتمع لتسليط الضوء على احتياجات الجيل القادم من مسارات التأطير التي يتم تطويرها تحت مظلة الفريق الحكومي الدولي المعني بتغير المناخ لاستخدامها في التقرير التقييمي السابع للفريق الحكومي الدولي المعني بتغير المناخ. نقترح هنا عددًا من أهداف أبحاث السياسات التي يجب أن تلبيها مجموعة مسارات التأطير هذه بشكل مثالي، بما في ذلك احتياجات التخفيف لتحقيق أهداف اتفاق باريس، والمخاطر المرتبطة باستراتيجيات إزالة الكربون، وعواقب التأخير في سن هذا التخفيف، وتوجيه احتياجات التكيف، والخسائر والأضرار، ولتحقيق التخفيف في السياق الأوسع لأهداف التنمية المجتمعية. بناءً على هذا السياق، نقترح أن يتطور الجيل التالي من سيناريوهات المناخ لنماذج النظام الأرضي نحو "مسارات الانبعاثات التمثيلية" (REPs) واقتراح الفئات الرئيسية لمثل هذه المسارات. يجب أن تتناول "مسارات التأطير" هذه أهم سياسات التخفيف واحتياجات التكيف على مدى السنوات الخمس إلى العشر القادمة. من وجهة نظرنا، فإن أهم الفئات هي تلك ذات الصلة في سياق الهدف طويل الأجل لاتفاق باريس، وتحديداً مسار الإجراء الفوري (التجاوز المنخفض) 1.5 درجة مئوية، ومسار الإجراء المتأخر (التجاوز العالي) 1.5 درجة مئوية. هناك فئتان رئيسيتان أخريان هما فئة المسار التي تتماشى تقريبًا مع أهداف السياسة الحالية (كما هو معبر عنه بحلول عام 2023) على المدى القريب والطويل، وفئة الانبعاثات الأعلى التي تتماشى تقريبًا مع "السياسات الحالية" (كما هو معبر عنه بحلول عام 2023). كما ندعو إلى الأهمية العلمية والسياسية لاستكشاف "عالمين كان من الممكن أن يكونا". واحدة من هذه الفئات لديها مسارات انبعاثات عالية أعلى بكثير مما تنطوي عليه السياسات الحالية، والأخرى لديها مسارات انبعاثات منخفضة للغاية تفترض أن إجراءات التخفيف العالمية بما يتماشى مع الحد من الاحترار إلى 1.5 درجة مئوية دون تجاوز قد بدأت في عام 2015. أخيرًا، نلاحظ أن توفير المعلومات العلمية الجديدة في الوقت المناسب حول المسارات أمر بالغ الأهمية لإثراء تطوير وتنفيذ سياسة المناخ. بالنسبة للتقييم العالمي الثاني بموجب اتفاقية باريس في عام 2028، وللإبلاغ عن التطوير اللاحق للمساهمات المحددة وطنيًا (NDCs) حتى عام 2040، هناك حاجة إلى مدخلات علمية قبل عام 2028 بوقت طويل. يجب النظر في هذه الاحتياجات بعناية في الجدول الزمني لتطوير أنشطة النمذجة المجتمعية بما في ذلك تلك الموجودة في إطار CMIP7.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eu0 citations 0 popularity Average influence Average impulse Average Powered by BIP!
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article , Other literature type , Journal 2021 Korea (Republic of), Korea (Republic of), AustraliaPublisher:American Geophysical Union (AGU) Authors:Angeline G. Pendergrass;
Angeline G. Pendergrass;Angeline G. Pendergrass
Angeline G. Pendergrass in OpenAIREMaria Rugenstein;
Maria Rugenstein
Maria Rugenstein in OpenAIREAlexander R. Borowiak;
+8 AuthorsAlexander R. Borowiak
Alexander R. Borowiak in OpenAIREAngeline G. Pendergrass;
Angeline G. Pendergrass;Angeline G. Pendergrass
Angeline G. Pendergrass in OpenAIREMaria Rugenstein;
Maria Rugenstein
Maria Rugenstein in OpenAIREAlexander R. Borowiak;
Alexander R. Borowiak
Alexander R. Borowiak in OpenAIREJ. M. Kale Sniderman;
J. M. Kale Sniderman
J. M. Kale Sniderman in OpenAIRESeung-Ki Min;
Seung-Ki Min;Seung-Ki Min
Seung-Ki Min in OpenAIREDavid J. Frame;
David J. Frame
David J. Frame in OpenAIREJosephine R. Brown;
Josephine R. Brown
Josephine R. Brown in OpenAIRELuke J. Harrington;
Dáithí Stone;Luke J. Harrington
Luke J. Harrington in OpenAIREAndrew D. King;
Andrew D. King
Andrew D. King in OpenAIREhandle: 11343/302425
AbstractRecent climate change is characterized by rapid global warming, but the goal of the Paris Agreement is to achieve a stable climate where global temperatures remain well below 2°C above pre‐industrial levels. Inferences about conditions at or below 2°C are usually made based on transient climate projections. To better understand climate change impacts on natural and human systems under the Paris Agreement, we must understand how a stable climate may differ from transient conditions at the same warming level. Here we examine differences between transient and quasi‐equilibrium climates using a statistical framework applied to greenhouse gas‐only model simulations. This allows us to infer climate change patterns at 1.5°C and 2°C global warming in both transient and quasi‐equilibrium climate states. We find substantial local differences between seasonal‐average temperatures dependent on the rate of global warming, with mid‐latitude land regions in boreal summer considerably warmer in a transient climate than a quasi‐equilibrium state at both 1.5°C and 2°C global warming. In a rapidly warming world, such locations may experience a temporary emergence of a local climate change signal that weakens if the global climate stabilizes and the Paris Agreement goals are met. Our research demonstrates that the rate of global warming must be considered in regional projections.
The University of Me... arrow_drop_down The University of Melbourne: Digital RepositoryArticle . 2021License: CC BY NC NDFull-Text: http://hdl.handle.net/11343/302425Data sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)Smithsonian figshareArticle . 2021License: CC BY NC NDData sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)https://dx.doi.org/10.25455/wg...Other literature type . 2021License: CC BY NC NDData sources: Datacitehttps://dx.doi.org/10.25455/wg...Other literature type . 2021License: CC BY NC NDData sources: Dataciteadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euAccess RoutesGreen gold 15 citations 15 popularity Top 10% influence Average impulse Top 10% Powered by BIP!
more_vert The University of Me... arrow_drop_down The University of Melbourne: Digital RepositoryArticle . 2021License: CC BY NC NDFull-Text: http://hdl.handle.net/11343/302425Data sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)Smithsonian figshareArticle . 2021License: CC BY NC NDData sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)https://dx.doi.org/10.25455/wg...Other literature type . 2021License: CC BY NC NDData sources: Datacitehttps://dx.doi.org/10.25455/wg...Other literature type . 2021License: CC BY NC NDData sources: Dataciteadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.1029/2021ef002274&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article 2024Publisher:American Geophysical Union (AGU) Authors:Alexander R Borowiak;
Alexander R Borowiak
Alexander R Borowiak in OpenAIREAndrew David King;
Andrew David King
Andrew David King in OpenAIREJosephine R. Brown;
Josephine R. Brown
Josephine R. Brown in OpenAIREChristopher David Jones;
+3 AuthorsChristopher David Jones
Christopher David Jones in OpenAIREAlexander R Borowiak;
Alexander R Borowiak
Alexander R Borowiak in OpenAIREAndrew David King;
Andrew David King
Andrew David King in OpenAIREJosephine R. Brown;
Josephine R. Brown
Josephine R. Brown in OpenAIREChristopher David Jones;
Christopher David Jones
Christopher David Jones in OpenAIRETilo Ziehn;
Tilo Ziehn
Tilo Ziehn in OpenAIREMalte Alexander Meinshausen;
Liam Cassidy;Malte Alexander Meinshausen
Malte Alexander Meinshausen in OpenAIREAbstractAs more countries make net zero greenhouse gas emissions pledges, it is crucial to understand the effects on global climate after achieving net zero emissions. The climate has been found to continue to evolve even after the abrupt cessation of CO2 emissions, with some models simulating a small warming and others simulating a small cooling. In this study, we analyze if the temperature and precipitation changes post abrupt cessation of CO2 emissions are significantly different compared to natural climate variations. We find that the temperature changes are outside of natural variability for most models, whilst the precipitation changes are mostly non‐significant. We also demonstrate that post‐net zero temperature changes have implications for the remaining carbon budget. The possibility of further global warming post‐net zero adds to the evidence supporting more rapid emissions reductions in the near‐term.
add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.1029/2024gl108654&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euAccess Routesgold 1 citations 1 popularity Average influence Average impulse Average Powered by BIP!
more_vert add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.1029/2024gl108654&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article 2023Publisher:IOP Publishing Abstract Spatial analogs have previously been used to communicate climate projections by comparing the future climate of a location with an analogous recent climate at a different location which is typically hotter. In this study, spatial climate analogs were computed using observational data to identify and quantify past changes. A sigma dissimilarity metric was computed to compare the recent climates of nine major Australian cities and early 20th century climate across Australia. Evidence is found for climate shifts, particularly in Darwin where temperature variability is lower than in extratropical cities. Analogs designed to capture extremes, including a human health-relevant climate analog, were constructed and these also highlight significant climate shifts. The analogs may also be used to examine extreme events in the context of a reference city climate and identify unusual events. This work demonstrates the utility of climate analogs for monitoring past climate changes and extreme events as well as examining and communicating future change. Care should be taken in interpretation of the movement of analogous climates and the design of analyses, but climate analogs have many potential applications beyond previous uses. Tailored analogs could be studied to communicate climate changes relevant to specific stakeholders.
add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.1088/1748-9326/acc2d4&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euAccess Routesgold 5 citations 5 popularity Average influence Average impulse Top 10% Powered by BIP!
more_vert add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.1088/1748-9326/acc2d4&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article 2024Publisher:Authorea, Inc. Authors:Liam J. Cassidy;
Liam J. Cassidy
Liam J. Cassidy in OpenAIREAndrew D. King;
Andrew D. King
Andrew D. King in OpenAIREJosephine R. Brown;
Josephine R. Brown
Josephine R. Brown in OpenAIRETilo Ziehn;
+1 AuthorsTilo Ziehn
Tilo Ziehn in OpenAIRELiam J. Cassidy;
Liam J. Cassidy
Liam J. Cassidy in OpenAIREAndrew D. King;
Andrew D. King
Andrew D. King in OpenAIREJosephine R. Brown;
Josephine R. Brown
Josephine R. Brown in OpenAIRETilo Ziehn;
Tilo Ziehn
Tilo Ziehn in OpenAIREAlex Borowiak;
Alex Borowiak
Alex Borowiak in OpenAIREAbstractAnthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases have warmed the planet by around 1.3°C and have contributed to the intensification of heat extremes. To stop continued global warming, we understand that we must reach and sustain net‐zero global CO2 emissions, however, there is limited knowledge on how heat extremes might change in net‐zero futures. In this study, we explore possible changes in temperature extreme intensity over the century after net‐zero CO2 emissions using projections from Earth System Models in the Zero Emissions Commitment Model Intercomparison Project (ZECMIP). Specifically, we investigate how regional single‐day temperature extreme intensities scale with global mean surface temperatures changes before and after net‐zero CO2 emissions. We also explore potential hydrological drivers of changes in temperature extreme scaling by performing focused investigations over the Mediterranean and Southern African regions. Our results show substantial reductions in scaling of temperature extreme intensity after reaching net‐zero CO2 emissions over nearly all land regions, however, scaling changes are dependent on the cumulative emissions prior to reaching net‐zero CO2. Temperature extreme scaling reductions after net‐zero CO2 are also regionally dependent, and the regional magnitudes of scaling reductions tend to favor mid‐latitude land in the Northern Hemisphere relative to tropical and Southern Hemispheric land masses. From focused investigations over the Mediterranean and Southern African regions, we find that changes in atmospheric circulation and local precipitation may play a major role in determining the sign and magnitude of changes in temperature extremes after net‐zero CO2 emissions.
add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.22541/essoar.172900701.19344141/v1&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eumore_vert add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.22541/essoar.172900701.19344141/v1&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article , Journal 2019 United States, AustraliaPublisher:American Geophysical Union (AGU) Funded by:ARC | Discovery Early Career Re..., ARC | Future Fellowships - Gran..., ARC | Discovery Early Career Re...ARC| Discovery Early Career Researcher Award - Grant ID: DE160100092 ,ARC| Future Fellowships - Grant ID: FT170100106 ,ARC| Discovery Early Career Researcher Award - Grant ID: DE180100638Authors:Sophie C. Lewis;
Sophie C. Lewis
Sophie C. Lewis in OpenAIREAndrew D. King;
Andrew D. King
Andrew D. King in OpenAIRESarah E. Perkins‐Kirkpatrick;
Sarah E. Perkins‐Kirkpatrick
Sarah E. Perkins‐Kirkpatrick in OpenAIREMichael F. Wehner;
Michael F. Wehner
Michael F. Wehner in OpenAIREdoi: 10.1029/2019ef001273
handle: 11343/290355
AbstractExtreme event attribution studies attempt to quantify the role of human influences in observed weather and climate extremes. These studies are of broad scientific and public interest, although quantitative results (e.g., that a specific event was made a specific number of times more likely because of anthropogenic forcings) can be difficult to communicate accurately to a variety of audiences and difficult for audiences to interpret. Here, we focus on how results of these studies can be effectively communicated using standardized language and propose, for the first time, a set of calibrated terms to describe event attribution results. Using these terms and an accompanying visual guide, results are presented in terms of likelihood of event changes and the associated uncertainties. This standardized language will allow clearer communication and interpretation of probabilities by the public and stakeholders.
University of Califo... arrow_drop_down University of California: eScholarshipArticle . 2019Full-Text: https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2w54r9b2Data sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)The University of Melbourne: Digital RepositoryArticle . 2019License: CC BYFull-Text: http://hdl.handle.net/11343/290355Data sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)eScholarship - University of CaliforniaArticle . 2019Data sources: eScholarship - University of Californiaadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.1029/2019ef001273&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euAccess RoutesGreen gold 16 citations 16 popularity Top 10% influence Top 10% impulse Top 10% Powered by BIP!
more_vert University of Califo... arrow_drop_down University of California: eScholarshipArticle . 2019Full-Text: https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2w54r9b2Data sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)The University of Melbourne: Digital RepositoryArticle . 2019License: CC BYFull-Text: http://hdl.handle.net/11343/290355Data sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)eScholarship - University of CaliforniaArticle . 2019Data sources: eScholarship - University of Californiaadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.1029/2019ef001273&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
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