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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Windmanagda Sawadogo; Jan Bliefernicht; Benjamin Fersch; Seyni Salack; +7 Authors

    Les estimations de l'irradiance horizontale globale (GHI) à partir de la réanalyse et des données satellitaires sont les informations les plus importantes pour la conception et la surveillance des systèmes photovoltaïques en Afrique, mais leur qualité est inconnue en raison du manque de mesures in situ. Dans cette étude, nous évaluons la performance du GHI horaire à partir de réanalyses de pointe et de produits satellitaires (ERA5, CAMS, MERRA-2 et SARAH-2) avec 37 mesures in situ à qualité contrôlée provenant de nouveaux réseaux météorologiques établis au Burkina Faso et au Ghana dans différentes conditions météorologiques pour l'année 2020. Les effets des nuages et des aérosols sont également pris en compte dans l'analyse en utilisant des mesures de performance communes pour les principaux attributs de qualité et une nouvelle valeur de performance globale pour l'évaluation conjointe. Les résultats montrent que les données satellitaires sont plus performantes que les données de réanalyse dans différentes conditions atmosphériques. Néanmoins, les deux sources de données présentent un biais significatif de plus de 150 W/m2 en termes de RMSE sous un ciel nuageux par rapport à un ciel clair. La nouvelle mesure de la performance globale montre clairement que le GHI horaire dérivé de CAMS et SARAH-2 pourrait servir de données alternatives viables pour évaluer l'énergie solaire dans les différentes zones climatiques de l'Afrique de l'Ouest. Las estimaciones de la irradiancia horizontal global (GHI) a partir del reanálisis y los datos basados en satélites son la información más importante para el diseño y monitoreo de los sistemas fotovoltaicos en África, pero se desconoce su calidad debido a la falta de mediciones in situ. En este estudio, evaluamos el rendimiento de GHI por hora a partir de reanálisis de última generación y productos basados en satélites (ERA5, CAMS, MERRA-2 y SARAH-2) con 37 mediciones in situ de calidad controlada de nuevas redes meteorológicas establecidas en Burkina Faso y Ghana bajo diferentes condiciones climáticas para el año 2020. Los efectos de las nubes y los aerosoles también se consideran en el análisis mediante el uso de medidas de rendimiento comunes para los principales atributos de calidad y un nuevo valor de rendimiento general para la evaluación conjunta. Los resultados muestran que los datos satelitales funcionan mejor que los datos de reanálisis en diferentes condiciones atmosféricas. Sin embargo, ambas fuentes de datos muestran un sesgo significativo de más de 150 W/m2 en términos de RMSE bajo cielos nublados en comparación con cielos despejados. La nueva medida del rendimiento general muestra claramente que el GHI por hora derivado de CAMS y SARAH-2 podría servir como datos alternativos viables para evaluar la energía solar en las diferentes zonas climáticas de África Occidental. Estimates of global horizontal irradiance (GHI) from reanalysis and satellite-based data are the most important information for the design and monitoring of PV systems in Africa, but their quality is unknown due to the lack of in situ measurements. In this study, we evaluate the performance of hourly GHI from state-of-the-art reanalysis and satellite-based products (ERA5, CAMS, MERRA-2, and SARAH-2) with 37 quality-controlled in situ measurements from novel meteorological networks established in Burkina Faso and Ghana under different weather conditions for the year 2020. The effects of clouds and aerosols are also considered in the analysis by using common performance measures for the main quality attributes and a new overall performance value for the joint assessment. The results show that satellite data performs better than reanalysis data under different atmospheric conditions. Nevertheless, both data sources exhibit significant bias of more than 150 W/m2 in terms of RMSE under cloudy skies compared to clear skies. The new measure of overall performance clearly shows that the hourly GHI derived from CAMS and SARAH-2 could serve as viable alternative data for assessing solar energy in the different climatic zones of West Africa. تعد تقديرات الإشعاع الأفقي العالمي (GHI) من إعادة التحليل والبيانات المستندة إلى الأقمار الصناعية أهم المعلومات لتصميم ومراقبة الأنظمة الكهروضوئية في إفريقيا، لكن جودتها غير معروفة بسبب عدم وجود قياسات في الموقع. في هذه الدراسة، نقوم بتقييم أداء مؤشر GHI كل ساعة من أحدث منتجات إعادة التحليل والمنتجات القائمة على الأقمار الصناعية (ERA5 و CAMS و MERRA -2 و SARAH -2) مع 37 قياسًا في الموقع يتم التحكم في جودتها من شبكات الأرصاد الجوية الجديدة التي تم إنشاؤها في بوركينا فاسو وغانا في ظل ظروف جوية مختلفة لعام 2020. كما يتم النظر في آثار السحب والهباء الجوي في التحليل باستخدام مقاييس الأداء المشتركة لسمات الجودة الرئيسية وقيمة أداء شاملة جديدة للتقييم المشترك. تظهر النتائج أن بيانات الأقمار الصناعية تؤدي أداءً أفضل من بيانات إعادة التحليل في ظل ظروف جوية مختلفة. ومع ذلك، يُظهر كلا مصدري البيانات تحيزًا كبيرًا يزيد عن 150 واط/متر مربع من حيث RMSE تحت السماء الغائمة مقارنة بالسماء الصافية. يُظهر المقياس الجديد للأداء العام بوضوح أن مؤشر الصحة العالمية لكل ساعة المستمد من نظام إدارة ضمان الكفاءة و SARAH -2 يمكن أن يكون بمثابة بيانات بديلة قابلة للتطبيق لتقييم الطاقة الشمسية في المناطق المناخية المختلفة في غرب إفريقيا.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ KITopen (Karlsruhe I...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Renewable Energy
    Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: Crossref
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    https://dx.doi.org/10.5445/ir/...
    Article . 2023
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: Datacite
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    https://dx.doi.org/10.60692/m7...
    Other literature type . 2023
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    https://dx.doi.org/10.60692/sc...
    Other literature type . 2023
    Data sources: Datacite
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    OPUS Augsburg
    Article . 2023
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: OPUS Augsburg
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ KITopen (Karlsruhe I...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Renewable Energy
      Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
      License: CC BY
      Data sources: Crossref
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      https://dx.doi.org/10.5445/ir/...
      Article . 2023
      License: CC BY
      Data sources: Datacite
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      https://dx.doi.org/10.60692/m7...
      Other literature type . 2023
      Data sources: Datacite
      https://dx.doi.org/10.60692/sc...
      Other literature type . 2023
      Data sources: Datacite
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      OPUS Augsburg
      Article . 2023
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Windmanagda Sawadogo; Jan Bliefernicht; Benjamin Fersch; Seyni Salack; +7 Authors

    Les estimations de l'irradiance horizontale globale (GHI) à partir de la réanalyse et des données satellitaires sont les informations les plus importantes pour la conception et la surveillance des systèmes photovoltaïques en Afrique, mais leur qualité est inconnue en raison du manque de mesures in situ. Dans cette étude, nous évaluons la performance du GHI horaire à partir de réanalyses de pointe et de produits satellitaires (ERA5, CAMS, MERRA-2 et SARAH-2) avec 37 mesures in situ à qualité contrôlée provenant de nouveaux réseaux météorologiques établis au Burkina Faso et au Ghana dans différentes conditions météorologiques pour l'année 2020. Les effets des nuages et des aérosols sont également pris en compte dans l'analyse en utilisant des mesures de performance communes pour les principaux attributs de qualité et une nouvelle valeur de performance globale pour l'évaluation conjointe. Les résultats montrent que les données satellitaires sont plus performantes que les données de réanalyse dans différentes conditions atmosphériques. Néanmoins, les deux sources de données présentent un biais significatif de plus de 150 W/m2 en termes de RMSE sous un ciel nuageux par rapport à un ciel clair. La nouvelle mesure de la performance globale montre clairement que le GHI horaire dérivé de CAMS et SARAH-2 pourrait servir de données alternatives viables pour évaluer l'énergie solaire dans les différentes zones climatiques de l'Afrique de l'Ouest. Las estimaciones de la irradiancia horizontal global (GHI) a partir del reanálisis y los datos basados en satélites son la información más importante para el diseño y monitoreo de los sistemas fotovoltaicos en África, pero se desconoce su calidad debido a la falta de mediciones in situ. En este estudio, evaluamos el rendimiento de GHI por hora a partir de reanálisis de última generación y productos basados en satélites (ERA5, CAMS, MERRA-2 y SARAH-2) con 37 mediciones in situ de calidad controlada de nuevas redes meteorológicas establecidas en Burkina Faso y Ghana bajo diferentes condiciones climáticas para el año 2020. Los efectos de las nubes y los aerosoles también se consideran en el análisis mediante el uso de medidas de rendimiento comunes para los principales atributos de calidad y un nuevo valor de rendimiento general para la evaluación conjunta. Los resultados muestran que los datos satelitales funcionan mejor que los datos de reanálisis en diferentes condiciones atmosféricas. Sin embargo, ambas fuentes de datos muestran un sesgo significativo de más de 150 W/m2 en términos de RMSE bajo cielos nublados en comparación con cielos despejados. La nueva medida del rendimiento general muestra claramente que el GHI por hora derivado de CAMS y SARAH-2 podría servir como datos alternativos viables para evaluar la energía solar en las diferentes zonas climáticas de África Occidental. Estimates of global horizontal irradiance (GHI) from reanalysis and satellite-based data are the most important information for the design and monitoring of PV systems in Africa, but their quality is unknown due to the lack of in situ measurements. In this study, we evaluate the performance of hourly GHI from state-of-the-art reanalysis and satellite-based products (ERA5, CAMS, MERRA-2, and SARAH-2) with 37 quality-controlled in situ measurements from novel meteorological networks established in Burkina Faso and Ghana under different weather conditions for the year 2020. The effects of clouds and aerosols are also considered in the analysis by using common performance measures for the main quality attributes and a new overall performance value for the joint assessment. The results show that satellite data performs better than reanalysis data under different atmospheric conditions. Nevertheless, both data sources exhibit significant bias of more than 150 W/m2 in terms of RMSE under cloudy skies compared to clear skies. The new measure of overall performance clearly shows that the hourly GHI derived from CAMS and SARAH-2 could serve as viable alternative data for assessing solar energy in the different climatic zones of West Africa. تعد تقديرات الإشعاع الأفقي العالمي (GHI) من إعادة التحليل والبيانات المستندة إلى الأقمار الصناعية أهم المعلومات لتصميم ومراقبة الأنظمة الكهروضوئية في إفريقيا، لكن جودتها غير معروفة بسبب عدم وجود قياسات في الموقع. في هذه الدراسة، نقوم بتقييم أداء مؤشر GHI كل ساعة من أحدث منتجات إعادة التحليل والمنتجات القائمة على الأقمار الصناعية (ERA5 و CAMS و MERRA -2 و SARAH -2) مع 37 قياسًا في الموقع يتم التحكم في جودتها من شبكات الأرصاد الجوية الجديدة التي تم إنشاؤها في بوركينا فاسو وغانا في ظل ظروف جوية مختلفة لعام 2020. كما يتم النظر في آثار السحب والهباء الجوي في التحليل باستخدام مقاييس الأداء المشتركة لسمات الجودة الرئيسية وقيمة أداء شاملة جديدة للتقييم المشترك. تظهر النتائج أن بيانات الأقمار الصناعية تؤدي أداءً أفضل من بيانات إعادة التحليل في ظل ظروف جوية مختلفة. ومع ذلك، يُظهر كلا مصدري البيانات تحيزًا كبيرًا يزيد عن 150 واط/متر مربع من حيث RMSE تحت السماء الغائمة مقارنة بالسماء الصافية. يُظهر المقياس الجديد للأداء العام بوضوح أن مؤشر الصحة العالمية لكل ساعة المستمد من نظام إدارة ضمان الكفاءة و SARAH -2 يمكن أن يكون بمثابة بيانات بديلة قابلة للتطبيق لتقييم الطاقة الشمسية في المناطق المناخية المختلفة في غرب إفريقيا.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ KITopen (Karlsruhe I...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Renewable Energy
    Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: Crossref
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    https://dx.doi.org/10.5445/ir/...
    Article . 2023
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: Datacite
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    https://dx.doi.org/10.60692/m7...
    Other literature type . 2023
    Data sources: Datacite
    https://dx.doi.org/10.60692/sc...
    Other literature type . 2023
    Data sources: Datacite
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    OPUS Augsburg
    Article . 2023
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: OPUS Augsburg
    addClaim

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    You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
    Access Routes
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ KITopen (Karlsruhe I...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Renewable Energy
      Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
      License: CC BY
      Data sources: Crossref
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      https://dx.doi.org/10.5445/ir/...
      Article . 2023
      License: CC BY
      Data sources: Datacite
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      https://dx.doi.org/10.60692/m7...
      Other literature type . 2023
      Data sources: Datacite
      https://dx.doi.org/10.60692/sc...
      Other literature type . 2023
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      OPUS Augsburg
      Article . 2023
      License: CC BY
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    Authors: Seyni Salack; Aymar Yaovi Bossa; Jan Bliefernicht; Sina Berger; +30 Authors

    Las observaciones de superficie proporcionan evidencia sólida del cambio climático para respaldar la orientación científica que allana el camino hacia mejores acciones de adaptación y mitigación. El Centro de Servicios Científicos de África Occidental sobre el Cambio Climático y el Uso Adaptado de la Tierra (WASCAL) ha diseñado una iniciativa de múltiples partes interesadas para rescatar el deteriorado equipo meteorológico, climático e hidrológico cercano a la superficie de los países de África Occidental. El objetivo principal de este marco de múltiples partes interesadas era monitorear el clima y recopilar registros a largo plazo y de alta calidad de variables climáticas esenciales en apoyo de la investigación, la educación, el desarrollo de capacidades y la prestación de servicios climáticos. Se desarrollaron iniciativas de asociación proactivas e inclusivas para (re)diseñar y (re)implementar conjuntamente observaciones cercanas a la superficie con los servicios o agencias meteorológicos e hidrológicos nacionales (NMHS/As) en África Occidental. El esquema de coproducción utilizado por este marco logró evaluar las redes de observadores existentes, modernizar los sensores y equipos de campo, y densificar los sitios para mejorar la calidad de las políticas de recopilación, transmisión, archivo, procesamiento e intercambio de datos. Después de más de cuatro años de práctica comunitaria, el sistema hidroclimático básico regional existente se aumentó/mejoró en un 45% con sistemas automáticos de observación meteorológica, mientras que cincuenta sistemas automáticos de nivel de agua, diez sensores de calidad del agua, tres cuencas de investigación a mesoescala y varios sitios piloto para beneficiar la prestación de servicios, la infraestructura de investigación, la educación y el desarrollo de capacidades de los países. Las políticas de intercambio de datos específicas de cada país se armonizaron y firmaron para respaldar la prestación de servicios de datos. Este documento de práctica expone los conceptos, los resultados, los desafíos, las lecciones aprendidas y los caminos a seguir para establecer el marco y mantenerlo trabajando para aprovechar la coproducción de datos y servicios de información para una toma de decisiones mejor informada en el campo del desarrollo sostenible en África Occidental. Les observations de surface fournissent des preuves tangibles du changement climatique pour soutenir les orientations scientifiques ouvrant la voie à de meilleures mesures d'adaptation et d'atténuation. Le West African Science Service Centre on Climate Change and Adapted Land Use (WASCAL) a conçu une initiative multipartite pour sauver les équipements météorologiques, climatiques et hydrologiques près de la surface détériorés des pays d'Afrique de l'Ouest. L'objectif principal de ce cadre multipartite était de surveiller le climat et de collecter des enregistrements à long terme et de haute qualité des variables climatiques essentielles à l'appui de la recherche, de l'éducation, du renforcement des capacités et de la fourniture de services climatiques. Des initiatives de partenariat proactives et inclusives ont été développées pour (re)concevoir et (re)mettre en œuvre conjointement des observatoires près de la surface avec les services ou agences météorologiques et hydrologiques nationaux (NMHS/As) en Afrique de l'Ouest. Le schéma de coproduction utilisé par ce cadre a permis d'évaluer les réseaux d'observations existants, de moderniser les capteurs et les équipements de terrain, et de densifier les sites afin d'améliorer la qualité des politiques de collecte, de transmission, d'archivage, de traitement et de partage des données. Après plus de quatre ans de communauté de pratique, l'hydroclimat de base régional existant a été augmenté/amélioré de 45 % avec des systèmes d'observation météorologique automatiques, une cinquantaine de niveaux d'eau automatiques, dix capteurs de qualité de l'eau, trois bassins versants de recherche à méso-échelle et plusieurs sites pilotes au profit de la fourniture de services, des infrastructures de recherche, de l'éducation et du renforcement des capacités des pays. Des politiques de partage de données spécifiques à chaque pays ont été harmonisées et signées pour soutenir la prestation de services de données. Ce document de pratique expose les concepts, les résultats, les défis, les leçons apprises et les voies à suivre pour mettre en place le cadre et continuer à travailler pour tirer parti de la coproduction de services de données et d'information pour une prise de décision mieux informée dans le domaine du développement durable en Afrique de l'Ouest. Surface observations provide ground evidence of climate change to support the scientific guidance paving the way to better adaptation and mitigation actions. The West African Science Service Centre on Climate Change and Adapted Land Use (WASCAL) has designed a multi-stakeholder initiative to rescue the deteriorated near-surface weather, climate and hydrological equipment of West African countries. The main goal for this multi-stakeholder framework was to monitor the climate and collect long term and high-quality records of essential climate variables in support of research, education, capacity building, and climate services provision. Proactive and inclusive partnership initiatives were developed to jointly (re)design and (re)implement near surface observatiories with the national meteorological and hydrological services or agencies (NMHS/As) in West Africa. The co-production scheme used by this framework succeeded in evaluating the existing observations networks, to modernizing sensors and field equipment, and densifying the sites in order to improve the quality of data collection, transmission, archiving, processing and sharing policies. After more than four years of community-of-practice, the existing regional basic hydroclimatic was increased/upgraded by 45% with automatic weather observing systems while fifty automatic water level, ten water quality sensors, three mesoscale research catchments, and several pilot sites to benefit countries' services provision, research infrastructure, education, and capacity building. Country-specific data sharing policies were harmonized and signed to support data services delivery. This practice paper exposes the concepts, outcomes, challenges, lessons learned and the ways forward in setting-up the framework and keeping it on working to leverage the co-production of data & information services for better-informed decision-making in the field of sustainable development in West Africa. توفر الملاحظات السطحية أدلة أرضية على تغير المناخ لدعم الإرشادات العلمية التي تمهد الطريق لتحسين إجراءات التكيف والتخفيف. صمم مركز غرب أفريقيا للخدمات العلمية المعني بتغير المناخ واستخدام الأراضي المتكيف (WASCAL) مبادرة لأصحاب المصلحة المتعددين لإنقاذ تدهور الطقس والمناخ والمعدات الهيدرولوجية القريبة من السطح في بلدان غرب أفريقيا. كان الهدف الرئيسي لإطار أصحاب المصلحة المتعددين هذا هو مراقبة المناخ وجمع سجلات طويلة الأجل وعالية الجودة للمتغيرات المناخية الأساسية لدعم البحث والتعليم وبناء القدرات وتوفير الخدمات المناخية. تم تطوير مبادرات شراكة استباقية وشاملة للاشتراك في (إعادة)تصميم و (إعادة)تنفيذ الأرصاد السطحية القريبة مع خدمات أو وكالات الأرصاد الجوية والهيدرولوجيا الوطنية (NMHS/As) في غرب إفريقيا. نجح مخطط الإنتاج المشترك الذي يستخدمه هذا الإطار في تقييم شبكات المراقبة الحالية، وتحديث أجهزة الاستشعار والمعدات الميدانية، وتكثيف المواقع من أجل تحسين جودة سياسات جمع البيانات ونقلها وأرشفتها ومعالجتها ومشاركتها. بعد أكثر من أربع سنوات من الممارسة المجتمعية، تمت زيادة/ترقية المناخ المائي الأساسي الإقليمي الحالي بنسبة 45 ٪ من خلال أنظمة مراقبة الطقس التلقائية في حين أن خمسين مستوى مياه تلقائي، وعشرة أجهزة استشعار لجودة المياه، وثلاثة مستجمعات بحثية متوسطة الحجم، والعديد من المواقع التجريبية لصالح توفير الخدمات في البلدان، والبنية التحتية البحثية، والتعليم، وبناء القدرات. تمت مواءمة سياسات مشاركة البيانات الخاصة بكل بلد وتوقيعها لدعم تقديم خدمات البيانات. تعرض ورقة الممارسة هذه المفاهيم والنتائج والتحديات والدروس المستفادة وسبل المضي قدمًا في إعداد الإطار وإبقائه على العمل للاستفادة من الإنتاج المشترك لخدمات البيانات والمعلومات من أجل اتخاذ قرارات مستنيرة بشكل أفضل في مجال التنمية المستدامة في غرب أفريقيا.

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    Authors: Seyni Salack; Aymar Yaovi Bossa; Jan Bliefernicht; Sina Berger; +30 Authors

    Las observaciones de superficie proporcionan evidencia sólida del cambio climático para respaldar la orientación científica que allana el camino hacia mejores acciones de adaptación y mitigación. El Centro de Servicios Científicos de África Occidental sobre el Cambio Climático y el Uso Adaptado de la Tierra (WASCAL) ha diseñado una iniciativa de múltiples partes interesadas para rescatar el deteriorado equipo meteorológico, climático e hidrológico cercano a la superficie de los países de África Occidental. El objetivo principal de este marco de múltiples partes interesadas era monitorear el clima y recopilar registros a largo plazo y de alta calidad de variables climáticas esenciales en apoyo de la investigación, la educación, el desarrollo de capacidades y la prestación de servicios climáticos. Se desarrollaron iniciativas de asociación proactivas e inclusivas para (re)diseñar y (re)implementar conjuntamente observaciones cercanas a la superficie con los servicios o agencias meteorológicos e hidrológicos nacionales (NMHS/As) en África Occidental. El esquema de coproducción utilizado por este marco logró evaluar las redes de observadores existentes, modernizar los sensores y equipos de campo, y densificar los sitios para mejorar la calidad de las políticas de recopilación, transmisión, archivo, procesamiento e intercambio de datos. Después de más de cuatro años de práctica comunitaria, el sistema hidroclimático básico regional existente se aumentó/mejoró en un 45% con sistemas automáticos de observación meteorológica, mientras que cincuenta sistemas automáticos de nivel de agua, diez sensores de calidad del agua, tres cuencas de investigación a mesoescala y varios sitios piloto para beneficiar la prestación de servicios, la infraestructura de investigación, la educación y el desarrollo de capacidades de los países. Las políticas de intercambio de datos específicas de cada país se armonizaron y firmaron para respaldar la prestación de servicios de datos. Este documento de práctica expone los conceptos, los resultados, los desafíos, las lecciones aprendidas y los caminos a seguir para establecer el marco y mantenerlo trabajando para aprovechar la coproducción de datos y servicios de información para una toma de decisiones mejor informada en el campo del desarrollo sostenible en África Occidental. Les observations de surface fournissent des preuves tangibles du changement climatique pour soutenir les orientations scientifiques ouvrant la voie à de meilleures mesures d'adaptation et d'atténuation. Le West African Science Service Centre on Climate Change and Adapted Land Use (WASCAL) a conçu une initiative multipartite pour sauver les équipements météorologiques, climatiques et hydrologiques près de la surface détériorés des pays d'Afrique de l'Ouest. L'objectif principal de ce cadre multipartite était de surveiller le climat et de collecter des enregistrements à long terme et de haute qualité des variables climatiques essentielles à l'appui de la recherche, de l'éducation, du renforcement des capacités et de la fourniture de services climatiques. Des initiatives de partenariat proactives et inclusives ont été développées pour (re)concevoir et (re)mettre en œuvre conjointement des observatoires près de la surface avec les services ou agences météorologiques et hydrologiques nationaux (NMHS/As) en Afrique de l'Ouest. Le schéma de coproduction utilisé par ce cadre a permis d'évaluer les réseaux d'observations existants, de moderniser les capteurs et les équipements de terrain, et de densifier les sites afin d'améliorer la qualité des politiques de collecte, de transmission, d'archivage, de traitement et de partage des données. Après plus de quatre ans de communauté de pratique, l'hydroclimat de base régional existant a été augmenté/amélioré de 45 % avec des systèmes d'observation météorologique automatiques, une cinquantaine de niveaux d'eau automatiques, dix capteurs de qualité de l'eau, trois bassins versants de recherche à méso-échelle et plusieurs sites pilotes au profit de la fourniture de services, des infrastructures de recherche, de l'éducation et du renforcement des capacités des pays. Des politiques de partage de données spécifiques à chaque pays ont été harmonisées et signées pour soutenir la prestation de services de données. Ce document de pratique expose les concepts, les résultats, les défis, les leçons apprises et les voies à suivre pour mettre en place le cadre et continuer à travailler pour tirer parti de la coproduction de services de données et d'information pour une prise de décision mieux informée dans le domaine du développement durable en Afrique de l'Ouest. Surface observations provide ground evidence of climate change to support the scientific guidance paving the way to better adaptation and mitigation actions. The West African Science Service Centre on Climate Change and Adapted Land Use (WASCAL) has designed a multi-stakeholder initiative to rescue the deteriorated near-surface weather, climate and hydrological equipment of West African countries. The main goal for this multi-stakeholder framework was to monitor the climate and collect long term and high-quality records of essential climate variables in support of research, education, capacity building, and climate services provision. Proactive and inclusive partnership initiatives were developed to jointly (re)design and (re)implement near surface observatiories with the national meteorological and hydrological services or agencies (NMHS/As) in West Africa. The co-production scheme used by this framework succeeded in evaluating the existing observations networks, to modernizing sensors and field equipment, and densifying the sites in order to improve the quality of data collection, transmission, archiving, processing and sharing policies. After more than four years of community-of-practice, the existing regional basic hydroclimatic was increased/upgraded by 45% with automatic weather observing systems while fifty automatic water level, ten water quality sensors, three mesoscale research catchments, and several pilot sites to benefit countries' services provision, research infrastructure, education, and capacity building. Country-specific data sharing policies were harmonized and signed to support data services delivery. This practice paper exposes the concepts, outcomes, challenges, lessons learned and the ways forward in setting-up the framework and keeping it on working to leverage the co-production of data & information services for better-informed decision-making in the field of sustainable development in West Africa. توفر الملاحظات السطحية أدلة أرضية على تغير المناخ لدعم الإرشادات العلمية التي تمهد الطريق لتحسين إجراءات التكيف والتخفيف. صمم مركز غرب أفريقيا للخدمات العلمية المعني بتغير المناخ واستخدام الأراضي المتكيف (WASCAL) مبادرة لأصحاب المصلحة المتعددين لإنقاذ تدهور الطقس والمناخ والمعدات الهيدرولوجية القريبة من السطح في بلدان غرب أفريقيا. كان الهدف الرئيسي لإطار أصحاب المصلحة المتعددين هذا هو مراقبة المناخ وجمع سجلات طويلة الأجل وعالية الجودة للمتغيرات المناخية الأساسية لدعم البحث والتعليم وبناء القدرات وتوفير الخدمات المناخية. تم تطوير مبادرات شراكة استباقية وشاملة للاشتراك في (إعادة)تصميم و (إعادة)تنفيذ الأرصاد السطحية القريبة مع خدمات أو وكالات الأرصاد الجوية والهيدرولوجيا الوطنية (NMHS/As) في غرب إفريقيا. نجح مخطط الإنتاج المشترك الذي يستخدمه هذا الإطار في تقييم شبكات المراقبة الحالية، وتحديث أجهزة الاستشعار والمعدات الميدانية، وتكثيف المواقع من أجل تحسين جودة سياسات جمع البيانات ونقلها وأرشفتها ومعالجتها ومشاركتها. بعد أكثر من أربع سنوات من الممارسة المجتمعية، تمت زيادة/ترقية المناخ المائي الأساسي الإقليمي الحالي بنسبة 45 ٪ من خلال أنظمة مراقبة الطقس التلقائية في حين أن خمسين مستوى مياه تلقائي، وعشرة أجهزة استشعار لجودة المياه، وثلاثة مستجمعات بحثية متوسطة الحجم، والعديد من المواقع التجريبية لصالح توفير الخدمات في البلدان، والبنية التحتية البحثية، والتعليم، وبناء القدرات. تمت مواءمة سياسات مشاركة البيانات الخاصة بكل بلد وتوقيعها لدعم تقديم خدمات البيانات. تعرض ورقة الممارسة هذه المفاهيم والنتائج والتحديات والدروس المستفادة وسبل المضي قدمًا في إعداد الإطار وإبقائه على العمل للاستفادة من الإنتاج المشترك لخدمات البيانات والمعلومات من أجل اتخاذ قرارات مستنيرة بشكل أفضل في مجال التنمية المستدامة في غرب أفريقيا.

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    Authors: Moussa Waongo; Patrick Laux; Amadou Coulibaly; Souleymane Sy; +1 Authors

    Smallholder rainfed agriculture in West Africa is vital for regional food security and livelihoods, yet it remains highly vulnerable to climate change. Persistently low crop yields, driven by high rainfall variability and frequent climate hazards, highlight the urgent need for evidence-based adaptation strategies. This study assesses the impact of climate change on maize yields in Burkina Faso (BF) using a calibrated AquaCrop model and recent climate projections. AquaCrop was calibrated using district-level maize yields from 2009 to 2022 and a genetic optimization technique. Climate change impacts were then simulated using two socioeconomic scenarios (SSP2–4.5 and SSP5–8.5) for the periods 2016–2045 and 2046–2075. Climate projections show that Burkina Faso will experience temperature increases of 0.5–3 °C and decreased precipitation, with the most severe rainfall reductions in the country’s southern half, including the crucial southwestern agricultural zone. Maize yields will predominantly decrease across the country, with projected losses reaching 20% in most regions. The southwestern agricultural zone, critical for national food production, faces substantial yield decreases of up to 40% under the SSP5-8.5 scenario. In light of these findings, future research should employ the calibrated AquaCrop model to evaluate specific combinations of adaptation strategies. These strategies include optimized planting windows, field-level water management practices, and optimal fertilizer application schedules, providing actionable guidance for smallholder farmers in West Africa.

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    Smallholder rainfed agriculture in West Africa is vital for regional food security and livelihoods, yet it remains highly vulnerable to climate change. Persistently low crop yields, driven by high rainfall variability and frequent climate hazards, highlight the urgent need for evidence-based adaptation strategies. This study assesses the impact of climate change on maize yields in Burkina Faso (BF) using a calibrated AquaCrop model and recent climate projections. AquaCrop was calibrated using district-level maize yields from 2009 to 2022 and a genetic optimization technique. Climate change impacts were then simulated using two socioeconomic scenarios (SSP2–4.5 and SSP5–8.5) for the periods 2016–2045 and 2046–2075. Climate projections show that Burkina Faso will experience temperature increases of 0.5–3 °C and decreased precipitation, with the most severe rainfall reductions in the country’s southern half, including the crucial southwestern agricultural zone. Maize yields will predominantly decrease across the country, with projected losses reaching 20% in most regions. The southwestern agricultural zone, critical for national food production, faces substantial yield decreases of up to 40% under the SSP5-8.5 scenario. In light of these findings, future research should employ the calibrated AquaCrop model to evaluate specific combinations of adaptation strategies. These strategies include optimized planting windows, field-level water management practices, and optimal fertilizer application schedules, providing actionable guidance for smallholder farmers in West Africa.

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      Atmosphere
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    Authors: Joël Arnault; Joël Arnault; Anthony Musili Mwanthi; Anthony Musili Mwanthi; +19 Authors

    Afforestation as a climate change mitigation option has been the subject of intense debate and study over the last few decades, particularly in the tropics where agricultural activity is expanding. However, the impact of such landcover changes on the surface energy budget, temperature, and precipitation remains unclear as feedbacks between various components are difficult to resolve and interpret. Contributing to this scientific debate, regional climate models of varying complexity can be used to test how regional climate reacts to afforestation. In this study, the focus is on the gauged Nzoia basin (12,700 km2) located in a heavily farmed region of tropical Africa. A reanalysis product is dynamically downscaled with a coupled atmospheric-hydrological model (WRF-Hydro) to finely resolve the land-atmosphere system in the Nzoia region. To overcome the problem of Nzoia river flooding over its banks we enhance WRF-Hydro with an overbank flow routing option, which improves the representation of daily discharge based on the Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency and Kling-Gupta efficiency (from −2.69 to 0.30, and −0.36 to 0.63, respectively). Changing grassland and cropland areas to savannas, woody savannas, and evergreen broadleaf forest in three synthetic numerical experiments allows the assessment of potential regional climate impacts of three afforestation strategies. In all three cases, the afforestation-induced decrease in soil evaporation is larger than the afforestation-induced increase in plant transpiration, thus increasing sensible heat flux and triggering a localized negative feedback process leading to more precipitation and more runoff. This effect is more pronounced with the woody savannas experiment, with 7% less evapotranspiration, but 13% more precipitation, 8% more surface runoff, and 12% more underground runoff predicted in the Nzoia basin. This study demonstrates a potentially large impact of afforestation on regional water resources, which should be investigated in more detail for policy making purposes.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Frontiers in Climatearrow_drop_down
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    Frontiers in Climate
    Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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    https://dx.doi.org/10.5445/ir/...
    Article . 2023
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    Frontiers in Climate
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    NORCE Research Archive
    Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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    Frontiers in Climate
    Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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    OPUS Augsburg
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      Frontiers in Climate
      Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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      https://dx.doi.org/10.5445/ir/...
      Article . 2023
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      Frontiers in Climate
      Article . 2023
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      NORCE Research Archive
      Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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      Frontiers in Climate
      Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
      https://dx.doi.org/10.60692/0g...
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      https://dx.doi.org/10.60692/c1...
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      OPUS Augsburg
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    Authors: Joël Arnault; Joël Arnault; Anthony Musili Mwanthi; Anthony Musili Mwanthi; +19 Authors

    Afforestation as a climate change mitigation option has been the subject of intense debate and study over the last few decades, particularly in the tropics where agricultural activity is expanding. However, the impact of such landcover changes on the surface energy budget, temperature, and precipitation remains unclear as feedbacks between various components are difficult to resolve and interpret. Contributing to this scientific debate, regional climate models of varying complexity can be used to test how regional climate reacts to afforestation. In this study, the focus is on the gauged Nzoia basin (12,700 km2) located in a heavily farmed region of tropical Africa. A reanalysis product is dynamically downscaled with a coupled atmospheric-hydrological model (WRF-Hydro) to finely resolve the land-atmosphere system in the Nzoia region. To overcome the problem of Nzoia river flooding over its banks we enhance WRF-Hydro with an overbank flow routing option, which improves the representation of daily discharge based on the Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency and Kling-Gupta efficiency (from −2.69 to 0.30, and −0.36 to 0.63, respectively). Changing grassland and cropland areas to savannas, woody savannas, and evergreen broadleaf forest in three synthetic numerical experiments allows the assessment of potential regional climate impacts of three afforestation strategies. In all three cases, the afforestation-induced decrease in soil evaporation is larger than the afforestation-induced increase in plant transpiration, thus increasing sensible heat flux and triggering a localized negative feedback process leading to more precipitation and more runoff. This effect is more pronounced with the woody savannas experiment, with 7% less evapotranspiration, but 13% more precipitation, 8% more surface runoff, and 12% more underground runoff predicted in the Nzoia basin. This study demonstrates a potentially large impact of afforestation on regional water resources, which should be investigated in more detail for policy making purposes.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Frontiers in Climatearrow_drop_down
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    Frontiers in Climate
    Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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    https://dx.doi.org/10.5445/ir/...
    Article . 2023
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    Frontiers in Climate
    Article . 2023
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    NORCE Research Archive
    Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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    Frontiers in Climate
    Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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    OPUS Augsburg
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      Frontiers in Climate
      Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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      https://dx.doi.org/10.5445/ir/...
      Article . 2023
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      Frontiers in Climate
      Article . 2023
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      NORCE Research Archive
      Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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      Frontiers in Climate
      Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
      https://dx.doi.org/10.60692/0g...
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      https://dx.doi.org/10.60692/c1...
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      OPUS Augsburg
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    Authors: Windmanagda Sawadogo; Tiga Neya; Drissa Semdé; Joël Awouhidia Korahiré; +7 Authors

    The Sudan-Sahel region has long been vulnerable to environmental change. However, the intensification of global warming has led to unprecedented challenges that require a detailed understanding of climate change for this region. This study analyzes the impacts of climate change for Burkina Faso using eleven climate indices that are highly relevant to Sudan-Sahelian societies. The full ensemble of statistically downscaled NEX-GDDP-CMIP6 models (25 km) is used to determine the projected changes for the near (2031-2060) and far future (2071-2100) compared to the reference period (1985-2014) for different SSPs. Validation of the climate models against state-of-the-art reference data (CHIRPS and ERA5) shows reasonable performance for the main climate variables with some biases. Under the SSP5-8.5, Burkina Faso is projected to experience a substantial temperature increase of more than 4.3°C by the end of the century. Rainfall amount is projected to increase by 30% under the SSP5-8.5, with the rainy season starting earlier and lasting longer. This could increase water availability for rainfed agriculture but is offset by a 20% increase in evapotranspiration. The country could be at increased risk of flooding and heavy rainfall in all SSPs and future periods. Due to the pronounced temperature increase, heat stress, discomfort, and cooling degree days are expected to strongly increase under the SSP8.5 scenarios, especially in the western and northern parts. Under the SSP1-2.6 and SSP5-8.5, the projected changes are much lower for the country. Thus, timely implementation of climate change mitigation measures can significantly reduce climate change impacts for this vulnerable region.

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    Environmental Challenges
    Article . 2024 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: Crossref
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    Environmental Challenges
    Article . 2024
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    https://doi.org/10.22541/essoa...
    Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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      Environmental Challenges
      Article . 2024 . Peer-reviewed
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      Environmental Challenges
      Article . 2024
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      https://doi.org/10.22541/essoa...
      Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Windmanagda Sawadogo; Tiga Neya; Drissa Semdé; Joël Awouhidia Korahiré; +7 Authors

    The Sudan-Sahel region has long been vulnerable to environmental change. However, the intensification of global warming has led to unprecedented challenges that require a detailed understanding of climate change for this region. This study analyzes the impacts of climate change for Burkina Faso using eleven climate indices that are highly relevant to Sudan-Sahelian societies. The full ensemble of statistically downscaled NEX-GDDP-CMIP6 models (25 km) is used to determine the projected changes for the near (2031-2060) and far future (2071-2100) compared to the reference period (1985-2014) for different SSPs. Validation of the climate models against state-of-the-art reference data (CHIRPS and ERA5) shows reasonable performance for the main climate variables with some biases. Under the SSP5-8.5, Burkina Faso is projected to experience a substantial temperature increase of more than 4.3°C by the end of the century. Rainfall amount is projected to increase by 30% under the SSP5-8.5, with the rainy season starting earlier and lasting longer. This could increase water availability for rainfed agriculture but is offset by a 20% increase in evapotranspiration. The country could be at increased risk of flooding and heavy rainfall in all SSPs and future periods. Due to the pronounced temperature increase, heat stress, discomfort, and cooling degree days are expected to strongly increase under the SSP8.5 scenarios, especially in the western and northern parts. Under the SSP1-2.6 and SSP5-8.5, the projected changes are much lower for the country. Thus, timely implementation of climate change mitigation measures can significantly reduce climate change impacts for this vulnerable region.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ KITopen (Karlsruhe I...arrow_drop_down
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    Environmental Challenges
    Article . 2024 . Peer-reviewed
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    Environmental Challenges
    Article . 2024
    Data sources: DOAJ
    https://doi.org/10.22541/essoa...
    Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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      Environmental Challenges
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      Environmental Challenges
      Article . 2024
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      https://doi.org/10.22541/essoa...
      Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: S.O. Ige; Harald Kunstmann; Harald Kunstmann; Patrick Laux; +3 Authors

    Abstract Spatiotemporal trends in daily observed precipitation, river discharge, maximum and minimum temperature data were investigated between 1971 and 2013 in the Komadugu-Yobe basin. Significant change points in time series are corrected using Adapted Caussinus-Mestre Algorithm for homogenizing Networks of Temperature series algorithm. Mann–Kendall test and Sen's slope are used to estimate the trend and its magnitude at dry, wet and annual season time scales, respectively. Preliminary results show an increasing trend of the observed variables. There is a latitudinal increase (decrease) in the basin temperature (precipitation) from lower to higher latitudes. The minimum temperature (0.05 °C/year) increases faster than the maximum temperature (0.03 °C/year). Overall, the percentage changes in minimum temperature range between 3 and 10% while that of maximum temperature ranges between 1 and 3%. Due to precipitation dependence on regional characteristics, the highest percentage change was recorded in precipitation with values between −5 and 97%. In all time scales, river discharge and precipitation have strong positive correlations while the correlation between river discharge and temperature is negative. It is imperative to advocate and support positive developmental practices as well as establishing necessary mitigation measures to cope with the effects of climate in the basin.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ KITopen (Karlsruhe I...arrow_drop_down
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    Journal of Water and Climate Change
    Article . 2019 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY
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    Journal of Water and Climate Change
    Article
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    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    https://dx.doi.org/10.60692/x0...
    Other literature type . 2019
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    https://dx.doi.org/10.60692/hf...
    Other literature type . 2019
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    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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      Journal of Water and Climate Change
      Article . 2019 . Peer-reviewed
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      https://dx.doi.org/10.60692/x0...
      Other literature type . 2019
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      https://dx.doi.org/10.60692/hf...
      Other literature type . 2019
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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    Authors: S.O. Ige; Harald Kunstmann; Harald Kunstmann; Patrick Laux; +3 Authors

    Abstract Spatiotemporal trends in daily observed precipitation, river discharge, maximum and minimum temperature data were investigated between 1971 and 2013 in the Komadugu-Yobe basin. Significant change points in time series are corrected using Adapted Caussinus-Mestre Algorithm for homogenizing Networks of Temperature series algorithm. Mann–Kendall test and Sen's slope are used to estimate the trend and its magnitude at dry, wet and annual season time scales, respectively. Preliminary results show an increasing trend of the observed variables. There is a latitudinal increase (decrease) in the basin temperature (precipitation) from lower to higher latitudes. The minimum temperature (0.05 °C/year) increases faster than the maximum temperature (0.03 °C/year). Overall, the percentage changes in minimum temperature range between 3 and 10% while that of maximum temperature ranges between 1 and 3%. Due to precipitation dependence on regional characteristics, the highest percentage change was recorded in precipitation with values between −5 and 97%. In all time scales, river discharge and precipitation have strong positive correlations while the correlation between river discharge and temperature is negative. It is imperative to advocate and support positive developmental practices as well as establishing necessary mitigation measures to cope with the effects of climate in the basin.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ KITopen (Karlsruhe I...arrow_drop_down
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    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Journal of Water and Climate Change
    Article . 2019 . Peer-reviewed
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    Journal of Water and Climate Change
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    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    https://dx.doi.org/10.60692/x0...
    Other literature type . 2019
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    https://dx.doi.org/10.60692/hf...
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    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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      Journal of Water and Climate Change
      Article . 2019 . Peer-reviewed
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      Journal of Water and Climate Change
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      https://dx.doi.org/10.60692/x0...
      Other literature type . 2019
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      https://dx.doi.org/10.60692/hf...
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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    Authors: Lorenz, Manuel; Bliefernicht, Jan; Kunstmann, Harald; Lorenz, Manuel; 1 Institute of Geography University of Augsburg Augsburg Germany; +1 Authors

    AbstractClimate model simulations typically exhibit a bias, which can be corrected using statistical approaches. In this study, a geostatistical approach for bias correction of daily precipitation at ungauged locations is presented. The method utilizes a double quantile mapping with dry day correction for future periods. The transfer function of the bias correction for the ungauged locations is established using distribution functions estimated by ordinary kriging with anisotropic variograms. The methodology was applied to the daily precipitation simulations of the entire CORDEX‐Africa ensemble for a study region located in the West African Sudanian Savanna. This ensemble consists of 23 regional climate models (RCM) that were run for three different future scenarios (RCP 2.6, RCP 4.5, and RCP 8.5). The evaluation of the approach for a historical 50‐year period (1950–2005) showed that the method can reduce the inherent strong precipitation bias of RCM simulations, thereby reproducing the main climatological features of the observed data. Moreover, the bias correction technique preserves the climate change signal of the uncorrected RCM simulations. However, the ensemble spread is increased due to an overestimation of the rainfall probability of uncorrected RCM simulations. The application of the bias correction method to the future period (2006–2100) revealed that annual precipitation increases for most models in the near (2020–2049) and far future (2070–2099) with a mean increase of up to (18%). An analysis of the monthly and daily time series showed a slightly delayed onset and intensification of the rainy season.

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    International Journal of Climatology
    Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
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      International Journal of Climatology
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      https://dx.doi.org/10.5445/ir/...
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    Authors: Lorenz, Manuel; Bliefernicht, Jan; Kunstmann, Harald; Lorenz, Manuel; 1 Institute of Geography University of Augsburg Augsburg Germany; +1 Authors

    AbstractClimate model simulations typically exhibit a bias, which can be corrected using statistical approaches. In this study, a geostatistical approach for bias correction of daily precipitation at ungauged locations is presented. The method utilizes a double quantile mapping with dry day correction for future periods. The transfer function of the bias correction for the ungauged locations is established using distribution functions estimated by ordinary kriging with anisotropic variograms. The methodology was applied to the daily precipitation simulations of the entire CORDEX‐Africa ensemble for a study region located in the West African Sudanian Savanna. This ensemble consists of 23 regional climate models (RCM) that were run for three different future scenarios (RCP 2.6, RCP 4.5, and RCP 8.5). The evaluation of the approach for a historical 50‐year period (1950–2005) showed that the method can reduce the inherent strong precipitation bias of RCM simulations, thereby reproducing the main climatological features of the observed data. Moreover, the bias correction technique preserves the climate change signal of the uncorrected RCM simulations. However, the ensemble spread is increased due to an overestimation of the rainfall probability of uncorrected RCM simulations. The application of the bias correction method to the future period (2006–2100) revealed that annual precipitation increases for most models in the near (2020–2049) and far future (2070–2099) with a mean increase of up to (18%). An analysis of the monthly and daily time series showed a slightly delayed onset and intensification of the rainy season.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ KITopen (Karlsruhe I...arrow_drop_down
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    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    International Journal of Climatology
    Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY
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    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    https://dx.doi.org/10.5445/ir/...
    Article . 2022
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    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    OPUS Augsburg
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      International Journal of Climatology
      Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
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      https://dx.doi.org/10.5445/ir/...
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    Authors: Zacharias, S.; Bogena, H.; Samaniego, L.; Mauder, M.; +23 Authors

    Multicompartment and multiscale long‐term observation and research are important prerequisites to tackling the scientific challenges resulting from climate and global change. Long‐term monitoring programs are cost intensive and require high analytical standards, however, and the gain of knowledge often requires longer observation times. Nevertheless, several environmental research networks have been established in recent years, focusing on the impact of climate and land use change on terrestrial ecosystems. From 2008 onward, a network of Terrestrial Environmental Observatories (TERENO) has been established in Germany as an interdisciplinary research program that aims to observe and explore the long‐term ecological, social, and economic impacts of global change at the regional level. State‐of‐the‐art methods from the field of environmental monitoring, geophysics, and remote sensing will be used to record and analyze states and fluxes for different environmental compartments from groundwater through the vadose zone, surface water, and biosphere, up to the lower atmosphere.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ KITopen (Karlsruhe I...arrow_drop_down
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    Vadose Zone Journal
    Article . 2011 . Peer-reviewed
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    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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    Authors: Zacharias, S.; Bogena, H.; Samaniego, L.; Mauder, M.; +23 Authors

    Multicompartment and multiscale long‐term observation and research are important prerequisites to tackling the scientific challenges resulting from climate and global change. Long‐term monitoring programs are cost intensive and require high analytical standards, however, and the gain of knowledge often requires longer observation times. Nevertheless, several environmental research networks have been established in recent years, focusing on the impact of climate and land use change on terrestrial ecosystems. From 2008 onward, a network of Terrestrial Environmental Observatories (TERENO) has been established in Germany as an interdisciplinary research program that aims to observe and explore the long‐term ecological, social, and economic impacts of global change at the regional level. State‐of‐the‐art methods from the field of environmental monitoring, geophysics, and remote sensing will be used to record and analyze states and fluxes for different environmental compartments from groundwater through the vadose zone, surface water, and biosphere, up to the lower atmosphere.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ KITopen (Karlsruhe I...arrow_drop_down
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    Vadose Zone Journal
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    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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    Authors: Harald Kunstmann; Harald Kunstmann; Caroline Brosy; Klaus Schäfer; +5 Authors

    Abstract. The state and composition of the lowest part of the planetary boundary layer (PBL), i.e., the atmospheric surface layer (SL), reflects the interactions of external forcing, land surface, vegetation, human influence and the atmosphere. Vertical profiles of atmospheric variables in the SL at high spatial and temporal resolution increase our understanding of these interactions, but are still challenging to measure appropriately. Traditional ground-based observations include towers that often cover only few measurement heights on a fixed location. At the same time, remote sensing techniques and aircraft measurements are challenged to achieve sufficient detail close to the ground. Vertical and horizontal sounding of the PBL can be complemented by unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV). Our aim in this case study is to assess the use of a multicopter-type UAV to simultaneously support the spatial sampling of air and the sensing of meteorological variables for the study of the surface exchange processes. To this end, a UAV was equipped with onboard air temperature and humidity sensors, while wind conditions were determined from the UAV’s flight control sensors. Further, the UAV was used to systematically change the location of a sample inlet connected to a sample tube, allowing the observation of methane abundance using a ground-based analyzer. Vertical methane gradients were found during stable atmospheric conditions with a gradient of about 300 ppb. Our results showed that both methane and meteorological conditions were in agreement with other observations at the site during the ScaleX-2015 campaign. The multicopter-type UAV was capable of simultaneous in situ sensing of meteorological state variables and sampling of air up to 50 m above the surface, which extended the vertical profile height of existing tower-based infrastructure by a factor of five.

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    Authors: Harald Kunstmann; Harald Kunstmann; Caroline Brosy; Klaus Schäfer; +5 Authors

    Abstract. The state and composition of the lowest part of the planetary boundary layer (PBL), i.e., the atmospheric surface layer (SL), reflects the interactions of external forcing, land surface, vegetation, human influence and the atmosphere. Vertical profiles of atmospheric variables in the SL at high spatial and temporal resolution increase our understanding of these interactions, but are still challenging to measure appropriately. Traditional ground-based observations include towers that often cover only few measurement heights on a fixed location. At the same time, remote sensing techniques and aircraft measurements are challenged to achieve sufficient detail close to the ground. Vertical and horizontal sounding of the PBL can be complemented by unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV). Our aim in this case study is to assess the use of a multicopter-type UAV to simultaneously support the spatial sampling of air and the sensing of meteorological variables for the study of the surface exchange processes. To this end, a UAV was equipped with onboard air temperature and humidity sensors, while wind conditions were determined from the UAV’s flight control sensors. Further, the UAV was used to systematically change the location of a sample inlet connected to a sample tube, allowing the observation of methane abundance using a ground-based analyzer. Vertical methane gradients were found during stable atmospheric conditions with a gradient of about 300 ppb. Our results showed that both methane and meteorological conditions were in agreement with other observations at the site during the ScaleX-2015 campaign. The multicopter-type UAV was capable of simultaneous in situ sensing of meteorological state variables and sampling of air up to 50 m above the surface, which extended the vertical profile height of existing tower-based infrastructure by a factor of five.

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    https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-20...
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    Atmospheric Measurement Techniques (AMT)
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    Authors: Samer Chaaraoui; Matthias Bebber; Stefanie Meilinger; Silvan Rummeny; +3 Authors

    Ghana suffers from frequent power outages, which can be compensated by off-grid energy solutions. Photovoltaic-hybrid systems become more and more important for rural electrification due to their potential to offer a clean and cost-effective energy supply. However, uncertainties related to the prediction of electrical loads and solar irradiance result in inefficient system control and can lead to an unstable electricity supply, which is vital for the high reliability required for applications within the health sector. Model predictive control (MPC) algorithms present a viable option to tackle those uncertainties compared to rule-based methods, but strongly rely on the quality of the forecasts. This study tests and evaluates (a) a seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average (SARIMA) algorithm, (b) an incremental linear regression (ILR) algorithm, (c) a long short-term memory (LSTM) model, and (d) a customized statistical approach for electrical load forecasting on real load data of a Ghanaian health facility, considering initially limited knowledge of load and pattern changes through the implementation of incremental learning. The correlation of the electrical load with exogenous variables was determined to map out possible enhancements within the algorithms. Results show that all algorithms show high accuracies with a median normalized root mean square error (nRMSE) <0.1 and differing robustness towards load-shifting events, gradients, and noise. While the SARIMA algorithm and the linear regression model show extreme error outliers of nRMSE >1, methods via the LSTM model and the customized statistical approaches perform better with a median nRMSE of 0.061 and stable error distribution with a maximum nRMSE of <0.255. The conclusion of this study is a favoring towards the LSTM model and the statistical approach, with regard to MPC applications within photovoltaic-hybrid system solutions in the Ghanaian health sector.

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    Authors: Samer Chaaraoui; Matthias Bebber; Stefanie Meilinger; Silvan Rummeny; +3 Authors

    Ghana suffers from frequent power outages, which can be compensated by off-grid energy solutions. Photovoltaic-hybrid systems become more and more important for rural electrification due to their potential to offer a clean and cost-effective energy supply. However, uncertainties related to the prediction of electrical loads and solar irradiance result in inefficient system control and can lead to an unstable electricity supply, which is vital for the high reliability required for applications within the health sector. Model predictive control (MPC) algorithms present a viable option to tackle those uncertainties compared to rule-based methods, but strongly rely on the quality of the forecasts. This study tests and evaluates (a) a seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average (SARIMA) algorithm, (b) an incremental linear regression (ILR) algorithm, (c) a long short-term memory (LSTM) model, and (d) a customized statistical approach for electrical load forecasting on real load data of a Ghanaian health facility, considering initially limited knowledge of load and pattern changes through the implementation of incremental learning. The correlation of the electrical load with exogenous variables was determined to map out possible enhancements within the algorithms. Results show that all algorithms show high accuracies with a median normalized root mean square error (nRMSE) <0.1 and differing robustness towards load-shifting events, gradients, and noise. While the SARIMA algorithm and the linear regression model show extreme error outliers of nRMSE >1, methods via the LSTM model and the customized statistical approaches perform better with a median nRMSE of 0.061 and stable error distribution with a maximum nRMSE of <0.255. The conclusion of this study is a favoring towards the LSTM model and the statistical approach, with regard to MPC applications within photovoltaic-hybrid system solutions in the Ghanaian health sector.

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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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15 Research products
  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Windmanagda Sawadogo; Jan Bliefernicht; Benjamin Fersch; Seyni Salack; +7 Authors

    Les estimations de l'irradiance horizontale globale (GHI) à partir de la réanalyse et des données satellitaires sont les informations les plus importantes pour la conception et la surveillance des systèmes photovoltaïques en Afrique, mais leur qualité est inconnue en raison du manque de mesures in situ. Dans cette étude, nous évaluons la performance du GHI horaire à partir de réanalyses de pointe et de produits satellitaires (ERA5, CAMS, MERRA-2 et SARAH-2) avec 37 mesures in situ à qualité contrôlée provenant de nouveaux réseaux météorologiques établis au Burkina Faso et au Ghana dans différentes conditions météorologiques pour l'année 2020. Les effets des nuages et des aérosols sont également pris en compte dans l'analyse en utilisant des mesures de performance communes pour les principaux attributs de qualité et une nouvelle valeur de performance globale pour l'évaluation conjointe. Les résultats montrent que les données satellitaires sont plus performantes que les données de réanalyse dans différentes conditions atmosphériques. Néanmoins, les deux sources de données présentent un biais significatif de plus de 150 W/m2 en termes de RMSE sous un ciel nuageux par rapport à un ciel clair. La nouvelle mesure de la performance globale montre clairement que le GHI horaire dérivé de CAMS et SARAH-2 pourrait servir de données alternatives viables pour évaluer l'énergie solaire dans les différentes zones climatiques de l'Afrique de l'Ouest. Las estimaciones de la irradiancia horizontal global (GHI) a partir del reanálisis y los datos basados en satélites son la información más importante para el diseño y monitoreo de los sistemas fotovoltaicos en África, pero se desconoce su calidad debido a la falta de mediciones in situ. En este estudio, evaluamos el rendimiento de GHI por hora a partir de reanálisis de última generación y productos basados en satélites (ERA5, CAMS, MERRA-2 y SARAH-2) con 37 mediciones in situ de calidad controlada de nuevas redes meteorológicas establecidas en Burkina Faso y Ghana bajo diferentes condiciones climáticas para el año 2020. Los efectos de las nubes y los aerosoles también se consideran en el análisis mediante el uso de medidas de rendimiento comunes para los principales atributos de calidad y un nuevo valor de rendimiento general para la evaluación conjunta. Los resultados muestran que los datos satelitales funcionan mejor que los datos de reanálisis en diferentes condiciones atmosféricas. Sin embargo, ambas fuentes de datos muestran un sesgo significativo de más de 150 W/m2 en términos de RMSE bajo cielos nublados en comparación con cielos despejados. La nueva medida del rendimiento general muestra claramente que el GHI por hora derivado de CAMS y SARAH-2 podría servir como datos alternativos viables para evaluar la energía solar en las diferentes zonas climáticas de África Occidental. Estimates of global horizontal irradiance (GHI) from reanalysis and satellite-based data are the most important information for the design and monitoring of PV systems in Africa, but their quality is unknown due to the lack of in situ measurements. In this study, we evaluate the performance of hourly GHI from state-of-the-art reanalysis and satellite-based products (ERA5, CAMS, MERRA-2, and SARAH-2) with 37 quality-controlled in situ measurements from novel meteorological networks established in Burkina Faso and Ghana under different weather conditions for the year 2020. The effects of clouds and aerosols are also considered in the analysis by using common performance measures for the main quality attributes and a new overall performance value for the joint assessment. The results show that satellite data performs better than reanalysis data under different atmospheric conditions. Nevertheless, both data sources exhibit significant bias of more than 150 W/m2 in terms of RMSE under cloudy skies compared to clear skies. The new measure of overall performance clearly shows that the hourly GHI derived from CAMS and SARAH-2 could serve as viable alternative data for assessing solar energy in the different climatic zones of West Africa. تعد تقديرات الإشعاع الأفقي العالمي (GHI) من إعادة التحليل والبيانات المستندة إلى الأقمار الصناعية أهم المعلومات لتصميم ومراقبة الأنظمة الكهروضوئية في إفريقيا، لكن جودتها غير معروفة بسبب عدم وجود قياسات في الموقع. في هذه الدراسة، نقوم بتقييم أداء مؤشر GHI كل ساعة من أحدث منتجات إعادة التحليل والمنتجات القائمة على الأقمار الصناعية (ERA5 و CAMS و MERRA -2 و SARAH -2) مع 37 قياسًا في الموقع يتم التحكم في جودتها من شبكات الأرصاد الجوية الجديدة التي تم إنشاؤها في بوركينا فاسو وغانا في ظل ظروف جوية مختلفة لعام 2020. كما يتم النظر في آثار السحب والهباء الجوي في التحليل باستخدام مقاييس الأداء المشتركة لسمات الجودة الرئيسية وقيمة أداء شاملة جديدة للتقييم المشترك. تظهر النتائج أن بيانات الأقمار الصناعية تؤدي أداءً أفضل من بيانات إعادة التحليل في ظل ظروف جوية مختلفة. ومع ذلك، يُظهر كلا مصدري البيانات تحيزًا كبيرًا يزيد عن 150 واط/متر مربع من حيث RMSE تحت السماء الغائمة مقارنة بالسماء الصافية. يُظهر المقياس الجديد للأداء العام بوضوح أن مؤشر الصحة العالمية لكل ساعة المستمد من نظام إدارة ضمان الكفاءة و SARAH -2 يمكن أن يكون بمثابة بيانات بديلة قابلة للتطبيق لتقييم الطاقة الشمسية في المناطق المناخية المختلفة في غرب إفريقيا.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ KITopen (Karlsruhe I...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Renewable Energy
    Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: Crossref
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    https://dx.doi.org/10.5445/ir/...
    Article . 2023
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: Datacite
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    https://dx.doi.org/10.60692/m7...
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    https://dx.doi.org/10.60692/sc...
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    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    OPUS Augsburg
    Article . 2023
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: OPUS Augsburg
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ KITopen (Karlsruhe I...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Renewable Energy
      Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
      License: CC BY
      Data sources: Crossref
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      https://dx.doi.org/10.5445/ir/...
      Article . 2023
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      https://dx.doi.org/10.60692/m7...
      Other literature type . 2023
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      https://dx.doi.org/10.60692/sc...
      Other literature type . 2023
      Data sources: Datacite
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      OPUS Augsburg
      Article . 2023
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Windmanagda Sawadogo; Jan Bliefernicht; Benjamin Fersch; Seyni Salack; +7 Authors

    Les estimations de l'irradiance horizontale globale (GHI) à partir de la réanalyse et des données satellitaires sont les informations les plus importantes pour la conception et la surveillance des systèmes photovoltaïques en Afrique, mais leur qualité est inconnue en raison du manque de mesures in situ. Dans cette étude, nous évaluons la performance du GHI horaire à partir de réanalyses de pointe et de produits satellitaires (ERA5, CAMS, MERRA-2 et SARAH-2) avec 37 mesures in situ à qualité contrôlée provenant de nouveaux réseaux météorologiques établis au Burkina Faso et au Ghana dans différentes conditions météorologiques pour l'année 2020. Les effets des nuages et des aérosols sont également pris en compte dans l'analyse en utilisant des mesures de performance communes pour les principaux attributs de qualité et une nouvelle valeur de performance globale pour l'évaluation conjointe. Les résultats montrent que les données satellitaires sont plus performantes que les données de réanalyse dans différentes conditions atmosphériques. Néanmoins, les deux sources de données présentent un biais significatif de plus de 150 W/m2 en termes de RMSE sous un ciel nuageux par rapport à un ciel clair. La nouvelle mesure de la performance globale montre clairement que le GHI horaire dérivé de CAMS et SARAH-2 pourrait servir de données alternatives viables pour évaluer l'énergie solaire dans les différentes zones climatiques de l'Afrique de l'Ouest. Las estimaciones de la irradiancia horizontal global (GHI) a partir del reanálisis y los datos basados en satélites son la información más importante para el diseño y monitoreo de los sistemas fotovoltaicos en África, pero se desconoce su calidad debido a la falta de mediciones in situ. En este estudio, evaluamos el rendimiento de GHI por hora a partir de reanálisis de última generación y productos basados en satélites (ERA5, CAMS, MERRA-2 y SARAH-2) con 37 mediciones in situ de calidad controlada de nuevas redes meteorológicas establecidas en Burkina Faso y Ghana bajo diferentes condiciones climáticas para el año 2020. Los efectos de las nubes y los aerosoles también se consideran en el análisis mediante el uso de medidas de rendimiento comunes para los principales atributos de calidad y un nuevo valor de rendimiento general para la evaluación conjunta. Los resultados muestran que los datos satelitales funcionan mejor que los datos de reanálisis en diferentes condiciones atmosféricas. Sin embargo, ambas fuentes de datos muestran un sesgo significativo de más de 150 W/m2 en términos de RMSE bajo cielos nublados en comparación con cielos despejados. La nueva medida del rendimiento general muestra claramente que el GHI por hora derivado de CAMS y SARAH-2 podría servir como datos alternativos viables para evaluar la energía solar en las diferentes zonas climáticas de África Occidental. Estimates of global horizontal irradiance (GHI) from reanalysis and satellite-based data are the most important information for the design and monitoring of PV systems in Africa, but their quality is unknown due to the lack of in situ measurements. In this study, we evaluate the performance of hourly GHI from state-of-the-art reanalysis and satellite-based products (ERA5, CAMS, MERRA-2, and SARAH-2) with 37 quality-controlled in situ measurements from novel meteorological networks established in Burkina Faso and Ghana under different weather conditions for the year 2020. The effects of clouds and aerosols are also considered in the analysis by using common performance measures for the main quality attributes and a new overall performance value for the joint assessment. The results show that satellite data performs better than reanalysis data under different atmospheric conditions. Nevertheless, both data sources exhibit significant bias of more than 150 W/m2 in terms of RMSE under cloudy skies compared to clear skies. The new measure of overall performance clearly shows that the hourly GHI derived from CAMS and SARAH-2 could serve as viable alternative data for assessing solar energy in the different climatic zones of West Africa. تعد تقديرات الإشعاع الأفقي العالمي (GHI) من إعادة التحليل والبيانات المستندة إلى الأقمار الصناعية أهم المعلومات لتصميم ومراقبة الأنظمة الكهروضوئية في إفريقيا، لكن جودتها غير معروفة بسبب عدم وجود قياسات في الموقع. في هذه الدراسة، نقوم بتقييم أداء مؤشر GHI كل ساعة من أحدث منتجات إعادة التحليل والمنتجات القائمة على الأقمار الصناعية (ERA5 و CAMS و MERRA -2 و SARAH -2) مع 37 قياسًا في الموقع يتم التحكم في جودتها من شبكات الأرصاد الجوية الجديدة التي تم إنشاؤها في بوركينا فاسو وغانا في ظل ظروف جوية مختلفة لعام 2020. كما يتم النظر في آثار السحب والهباء الجوي في التحليل باستخدام مقاييس الأداء المشتركة لسمات الجودة الرئيسية وقيمة أداء شاملة جديدة للتقييم المشترك. تظهر النتائج أن بيانات الأقمار الصناعية تؤدي أداءً أفضل من بيانات إعادة التحليل في ظل ظروف جوية مختلفة. ومع ذلك، يُظهر كلا مصدري البيانات تحيزًا كبيرًا يزيد عن 150 واط/متر مربع من حيث RMSE تحت السماء الغائمة مقارنة بالسماء الصافية. يُظهر المقياس الجديد للأداء العام بوضوح أن مؤشر الصحة العالمية لكل ساعة المستمد من نظام إدارة ضمان الكفاءة و SARAH -2 يمكن أن يكون بمثابة بيانات بديلة قابلة للتطبيق لتقييم الطاقة الشمسية في المناطق المناخية المختلفة في غرب إفريقيا.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ KITopen (Karlsruhe I...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Renewable Energy
    Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: Crossref
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    https://dx.doi.org/10.5445/ir/...
    Article . 2023
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: Datacite
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    https://dx.doi.org/10.60692/m7...
    Other literature type . 2023
    Data sources: Datacite
    https://dx.doi.org/10.60692/sc...
    Other literature type . 2023
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    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    OPUS Augsburg
    Article . 2023
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    Data sources: OPUS Augsburg
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ KITopen (Karlsruhe I...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Renewable Energy
      Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      https://dx.doi.org/10.5445/ir/...
      Article . 2023
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      https://dx.doi.org/10.60692/m7...
      Other literature type . 2023
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      https://dx.doi.org/10.60692/sc...
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      OPUS Augsburg
      Article . 2023
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    Authors: Seyni Salack; Aymar Yaovi Bossa; Jan Bliefernicht; Sina Berger; +30 Authors

    Las observaciones de superficie proporcionan evidencia sólida del cambio climático para respaldar la orientación científica que allana el camino hacia mejores acciones de adaptación y mitigación. El Centro de Servicios Científicos de África Occidental sobre el Cambio Climático y el Uso Adaptado de la Tierra (WASCAL) ha diseñado una iniciativa de múltiples partes interesadas para rescatar el deteriorado equipo meteorológico, climático e hidrológico cercano a la superficie de los países de África Occidental. El objetivo principal de este marco de múltiples partes interesadas era monitorear el clima y recopilar registros a largo plazo y de alta calidad de variables climáticas esenciales en apoyo de la investigación, la educación, el desarrollo de capacidades y la prestación de servicios climáticos. Se desarrollaron iniciativas de asociación proactivas e inclusivas para (re)diseñar y (re)implementar conjuntamente observaciones cercanas a la superficie con los servicios o agencias meteorológicos e hidrológicos nacionales (NMHS/As) en África Occidental. El esquema de coproducción utilizado por este marco logró evaluar las redes de observadores existentes, modernizar los sensores y equipos de campo, y densificar los sitios para mejorar la calidad de las políticas de recopilación, transmisión, archivo, procesamiento e intercambio de datos. Después de más de cuatro años de práctica comunitaria, el sistema hidroclimático básico regional existente se aumentó/mejoró en un 45% con sistemas automáticos de observación meteorológica, mientras que cincuenta sistemas automáticos de nivel de agua, diez sensores de calidad del agua, tres cuencas de investigación a mesoescala y varios sitios piloto para beneficiar la prestación de servicios, la infraestructura de investigación, la educación y el desarrollo de capacidades de los países. Las políticas de intercambio de datos específicas de cada país se armonizaron y firmaron para respaldar la prestación de servicios de datos. Este documento de práctica expone los conceptos, los resultados, los desafíos, las lecciones aprendidas y los caminos a seguir para establecer el marco y mantenerlo trabajando para aprovechar la coproducción de datos y servicios de información para una toma de decisiones mejor informada en el campo del desarrollo sostenible en África Occidental. Les observations de surface fournissent des preuves tangibles du changement climatique pour soutenir les orientations scientifiques ouvrant la voie à de meilleures mesures d'adaptation et d'atténuation. Le West African Science Service Centre on Climate Change and Adapted Land Use (WASCAL) a conçu une initiative multipartite pour sauver les équipements météorologiques, climatiques et hydrologiques près de la surface détériorés des pays d'Afrique de l'Ouest. L'objectif principal de ce cadre multipartite était de surveiller le climat et de collecter des enregistrements à long terme et de haute qualité des variables climatiques essentielles à l'appui de la recherche, de l'éducation, du renforcement des capacités et de la fourniture de services climatiques. Des initiatives de partenariat proactives et inclusives ont été développées pour (re)concevoir et (re)mettre en œuvre conjointement des observatoires près de la surface avec les services ou agences météorologiques et hydrologiques nationaux (NMHS/As) en Afrique de l'Ouest. Le schéma de coproduction utilisé par ce cadre a permis d'évaluer les réseaux d'observations existants, de moderniser les capteurs et les équipements de terrain, et de densifier les sites afin d'améliorer la qualité des politiques de collecte, de transmission, d'archivage, de traitement et de partage des données. Après plus de quatre ans de communauté de pratique, l'hydroclimat de base régional existant a été augmenté/amélioré de 45 % avec des systèmes d'observation météorologique automatiques, une cinquantaine de niveaux d'eau automatiques, dix capteurs de qualité de l'eau, trois bassins versants de recherche à méso-échelle et plusieurs sites pilotes au profit de la fourniture de services, des infrastructures de recherche, de l'éducation et du renforcement des capacités des pays. Des politiques de partage de données spécifiques à chaque pays ont été harmonisées et signées pour soutenir la prestation de services de données. Ce document de pratique expose les concepts, les résultats, les défis, les leçons apprises et les voies à suivre pour mettre en place le cadre et continuer à travailler pour tirer parti de la coproduction de services de données et d'information pour une prise de décision mieux informée dans le domaine du développement durable en Afrique de l'Ouest. Surface observations provide ground evidence of climate change to support the scientific guidance paving the way to better adaptation and mitigation actions. The West African Science Service Centre on Climate Change and Adapted Land Use (WASCAL) has designed a multi-stakeholder initiative to rescue the deteriorated near-surface weather, climate and hydrological equipment of West African countries. The main goal for this multi-stakeholder framework was to monitor the climate and collect long term and high-quality records of essential climate variables in support of research, education, capacity building, and climate services provision. Proactive and inclusive partnership initiatives were developed to jointly (re)design and (re)implement near surface observatiories with the national meteorological and hydrological services or agencies (NMHS/As) in West Africa. The co-production scheme used by this framework succeeded in evaluating the existing observations networks, to modernizing sensors and field equipment, and densifying the sites in order to improve the quality of data collection, transmission, archiving, processing and sharing policies. After more than four years of community-of-practice, the existing regional basic hydroclimatic was increased/upgraded by 45% with automatic weather observing systems while fifty automatic water level, ten water quality sensors, three mesoscale research catchments, and several pilot sites to benefit countries' services provision, research infrastructure, education, and capacity building. Country-specific data sharing policies were harmonized and signed to support data services delivery. This practice paper exposes the concepts, outcomes, challenges, lessons learned and the ways forward in setting-up the framework and keeping it on working to leverage the co-production of data & information services for better-informed decision-making in the field of sustainable development in West Africa. توفر الملاحظات السطحية أدلة أرضية على تغير المناخ لدعم الإرشادات العلمية التي تمهد الطريق لتحسين إجراءات التكيف والتخفيف. صمم مركز غرب أفريقيا للخدمات العلمية المعني بتغير المناخ واستخدام الأراضي المتكيف (WASCAL) مبادرة لأصحاب المصلحة المتعددين لإنقاذ تدهور الطقس والمناخ والمعدات الهيدرولوجية القريبة من السطح في بلدان غرب أفريقيا. كان الهدف الرئيسي لإطار أصحاب المصلحة المتعددين هذا هو مراقبة المناخ وجمع سجلات طويلة الأجل وعالية الجودة للمتغيرات المناخية الأساسية لدعم البحث والتعليم وبناء القدرات وتوفير الخدمات المناخية. تم تطوير مبادرات شراكة استباقية وشاملة للاشتراك في (إعادة)تصميم و (إعادة)تنفيذ الأرصاد السطحية القريبة مع خدمات أو وكالات الأرصاد الجوية والهيدرولوجيا الوطنية (NMHS/As) في غرب إفريقيا. نجح مخطط الإنتاج المشترك الذي يستخدمه هذا الإطار في تقييم شبكات المراقبة الحالية، وتحديث أجهزة الاستشعار والمعدات الميدانية، وتكثيف المواقع من أجل تحسين جودة سياسات جمع البيانات ونقلها وأرشفتها ومعالجتها ومشاركتها. بعد أكثر من أربع سنوات من الممارسة المجتمعية، تمت زيادة/ترقية المناخ المائي الأساسي الإقليمي الحالي بنسبة 45 ٪ من خلال أنظمة مراقبة الطقس التلقائية في حين أن خمسين مستوى مياه تلقائي، وعشرة أجهزة استشعار لجودة المياه، وثلاثة مستجمعات بحثية متوسطة الحجم، والعديد من المواقع التجريبية لصالح توفير الخدمات في البلدان، والبنية التحتية البحثية، والتعليم، وبناء القدرات. تمت مواءمة سياسات مشاركة البيانات الخاصة بكل بلد وتوقيعها لدعم تقديم خدمات البيانات. تعرض ورقة الممارسة هذه المفاهيم والنتائج والتحديات والدروس المستفادة وسبل المضي قدمًا في إعداد الإطار وإبقائه على العمل للاستفادة من الإنتاج المشترك لخدمات البيانات والمعلومات من أجل اتخاذ قرارات مستنيرة بشكل أفضل في مجال التنمية المستدامة في غرب أفريقيا.

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    Authors: Seyni Salack; Aymar Yaovi Bossa; Jan Bliefernicht; Sina Berger; +30 Authors

    Las observaciones de superficie proporcionan evidencia sólida del cambio climático para respaldar la orientación científica que allana el camino hacia mejores acciones de adaptación y mitigación. El Centro de Servicios Científicos de África Occidental sobre el Cambio Climático y el Uso Adaptado de la Tierra (WASCAL) ha diseñado una iniciativa de múltiples partes interesadas para rescatar el deteriorado equipo meteorológico, climático e hidrológico cercano a la superficie de los países de África Occidental. El objetivo principal de este marco de múltiples partes interesadas era monitorear el clima y recopilar registros a largo plazo y de alta calidad de variables climáticas esenciales en apoyo de la investigación, la educación, el desarrollo de capacidades y la prestación de servicios climáticos. Se desarrollaron iniciativas de asociación proactivas e inclusivas para (re)diseñar y (re)implementar conjuntamente observaciones cercanas a la superficie con los servicios o agencias meteorológicos e hidrológicos nacionales (NMHS/As) en África Occidental. El esquema de coproducción utilizado por este marco logró evaluar las redes de observadores existentes, modernizar los sensores y equipos de campo, y densificar los sitios para mejorar la calidad de las políticas de recopilación, transmisión, archivo, procesamiento e intercambio de datos. Después de más de cuatro años de práctica comunitaria, el sistema hidroclimático básico regional existente se aumentó/mejoró en un 45% con sistemas automáticos de observación meteorológica, mientras que cincuenta sistemas automáticos de nivel de agua, diez sensores de calidad del agua, tres cuencas de investigación a mesoescala y varios sitios piloto para beneficiar la prestación de servicios, la infraestructura de investigación, la educación y el desarrollo de capacidades de los países. Las políticas de intercambio de datos específicas de cada país se armonizaron y firmaron para respaldar la prestación de servicios de datos. Este documento de práctica expone los conceptos, los resultados, los desafíos, las lecciones aprendidas y los caminos a seguir para establecer el marco y mantenerlo trabajando para aprovechar la coproducción de datos y servicios de información para una toma de decisiones mejor informada en el campo del desarrollo sostenible en África Occidental. Les observations de surface fournissent des preuves tangibles du changement climatique pour soutenir les orientations scientifiques ouvrant la voie à de meilleures mesures d'adaptation et d'atténuation. Le West African Science Service Centre on Climate Change and Adapted Land Use (WASCAL) a conçu une initiative multipartite pour sauver les équipements météorologiques, climatiques et hydrologiques près de la surface détériorés des pays d'Afrique de l'Ouest. L'objectif principal de ce cadre multipartite était de surveiller le climat et de collecter des enregistrements à long terme et de haute qualité des variables climatiques essentielles à l'appui de la recherche, de l'éducation, du renforcement des capacités et de la fourniture de services climatiques. Des initiatives de partenariat proactives et inclusives ont été développées pour (re)concevoir et (re)mettre en œuvre conjointement des observatoires près de la surface avec les services ou agences météorologiques et hydrologiques nationaux (NMHS/As) en Afrique de l'Ouest. Le schéma de coproduction utilisé par ce cadre a permis d'évaluer les réseaux d'observations existants, de moderniser les capteurs et les équipements de terrain, et de densifier les sites afin d'améliorer la qualité des politiques de collecte, de transmission, d'archivage, de traitement et de partage des données. Après plus de quatre ans de communauté de pratique, l'hydroclimat de base régional existant a été augmenté/amélioré de 45 % avec des systèmes d'observation météorologique automatiques, une cinquantaine de niveaux d'eau automatiques, dix capteurs de qualité de l'eau, trois bassins versants de recherche à méso-échelle et plusieurs sites pilotes au profit de la fourniture de services, des infrastructures de recherche, de l'éducation et du renforcement des capacités des pays. Des politiques de partage de données spécifiques à chaque pays ont été harmonisées et signées pour soutenir la prestation de services de données. Ce document de pratique expose les concepts, les résultats, les défis, les leçons apprises et les voies à suivre pour mettre en place le cadre et continuer à travailler pour tirer parti de la coproduction de services de données et d'information pour une prise de décision mieux informée dans le domaine du développement durable en Afrique de l'Ouest. Surface observations provide ground evidence of climate change to support the scientific guidance paving the way to better adaptation and mitigation actions. The West African Science Service Centre on Climate Change and Adapted Land Use (WASCAL) has designed a multi-stakeholder initiative to rescue the deteriorated near-surface weather, climate and hydrological equipment of West African countries. The main goal for this multi-stakeholder framework was to monitor the climate and collect long term and high-quality records of essential climate variables in support of research, education, capacity building, and climate services provision. Proactive and inclusive partnership initiatives were developed to jointly (re)design and (re)implement near surface observatiories with the national meteorological and hydrological services or agencies (NMHS/As) in West Africa. The co-production scheme used by this framework succeeded in evaluating the existing observations networks, to modernizing sensors and field equipment, and densifying the sites in order to improve the quality of data collection, transmission, archiving, processing and sharing policies. After more than four years of community-of-practice, the existing regional basic hydroclimatic was increased/upgraded by 45% with automatic weather observing systems while fifty automatic water level, ten water quality sensors, three mesoscale research catchments, and several pilot sites to benefit countries' services provision, research infrastructure, education, and capacity building. Country-specific data sharing policies were harmonized and signed to support data services delivery. This practice paper exposes the concepts, outcomes, challenges, lessons learned and the ways forward in setting-up the framework and keeping it on working to leverage the co-production of data & information services for better-informed decision-making in the field of sustainable development in West Africa. توفر الملاحظات السطحية أدلة أرضية على تغير المناخ لدعم الإرشادات العلمية التي تمهد الطريق لتحسين إجراءات التكيف والتخفيف. صمم مركز غرب أفريقيا للخدمات العلمية المعني بتغير المناخ واستخدام الأراضي المتكيف (WASCAL) مبادرة لأصحاب المصلحة المتعددين لإنقاذ تدهور الطقس والمناخ والمعدات الهيدرولوجية القريبة من السطح في بلدان غرب أفريقيا. كان الهدف الرئيسي لإطار أصحاب المصلحة المتعددين هذا هو مراقبة المناخ وجمع سجلات طويلة الأجل وعالية الجودة للمتغيرات المناخية الأساسية لدعم البحث والتعليم وبناء القدرات وتوفير الخدمات المناخية. تم تطوير مبادرات شراكة استباقية وشاملة للاشتراك في (إعادة)تصميم و (إعادة)تنفيذ الأرصاد السطحية القريبة مع خدمات أو وكالات الأرصاد الجوية والهيدرولوجيا الوطنية (NMHS/As) في غرب إفريقيا. نجح مخطط الإنتاج المشترك الذي يستخدمه هذا الإطار في تقييم شبكات المراقبة الحالية، وتحديث أجهزة الاستشعار والمعدات الميدانية، وتكثيف المواقع من أجل تحسين جودة سياسات جمع البيانات ونقلها وأرشفتها ومعالجتها ومشاركتها. بعد أكثر من أربع سنوات من الممارسة المجتمعية، تمت زيادة/ترقية المناخ المائي الأساسي الإقليمي الحالي بنسبة 45 ٪ من خلال أنظمة مراقبة الطقس التلقائية في حين أن خمسين مستوى مياه تلقائي، وعشرة أجهزة استشعار لجودة المياه، وثلاثة مستجمعات بحثية متوسطة الحجم، والعديد من المواقع التجريبية لصالح توفير الخدمات في البلدان، والبنية التحتية البحثية، والتعليم، وبناء القدرات. تمت مواءمة سياسات مشاركة البيانات الخاصة بكل بلد وتوقيعها لدعم تقديم خدمات البيانات. تعرض ورقة الممارسة هذه المفاهيم والنتائج والتحديات والدروس المستفادة وسبل المضي قدمًا في إعداد الإطار وإبقائه على العمل للاستفادة من الإنتاج المشترك لخدمات البيانات والمعلومات من أجل اتخاذ قرارات مستنيرة بشكل أفضل في مجال التنمية المستدامة في غرب أفريقيا.

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    Authors: Moussa Waongo; Patrick Laux; Amadou Coulibaly; Souleymane Sy; +1 Authors

    Smallholder rainfed agriculture in West Africa is vital for regional food security and livelihoods, yet it remains highly vulnerable to climate change. Persistently low crop yields, driven by high rainfall variability and frequent climate hazards, highlight the urgent need for evidence-based adaptation strategies. This study assesses the impact of climate change on maize yields in Burkina Faso (BF) using a calibrated AquaCrop model and recent climate projections. AquaCrop was calibrated using district-level maize yields from 2009 to 2022 and a genetic optimization technique. Climate change impacts were then simulated using two socioeconomic scenarios (SSP2–4.5 and SSP5–8.5) for the periods 2016–2045 and 2046–2075. Climate projections show that Burkina Faso will experience temperature increases of 0.5–3 °C and decreased precipitation, with the most severe rainfall reductions in the country’s southern half, including the crucial southwestern agricultural zone. Maize yields will predominantly decrease across the country, with projected losses reaching 20% in most regions. The southwestern agricultural zone, critical for national food production, faces substantial yield decreases of up to 40% under the SSP5-8.5 scenario. In light of these findings, future research should employ the calibrated AquaCrop model to evaluate specific combinations of adaptation strategies. These strategies include optimized planting windows, field-level water management practices, and optimal fertilizer application schedules, providing actionable guidance for smallholder farmers in West Africa.

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    Smallholder rainfed agriculture in West Africa is vital for regional food security and livelihoods, yet it remains highly vulnerable to climate change. Persistently low crop yields, driven by high rainfall variability and frequent climate hazards, highlight the urgent need for evidence-based adaptation strategies. This study assesses the impact of climate change on maize yields in Burkina Faso (BF) using a calibrated AquaCrop model and recent climate projections. AquaCrop was calibrated using district-level maize yields from 2009 to 2022 and a genetic optimization technique. Climate change impacts were then simulated using two socioeconomic scenarios (SSP2–4.5 and SSP5–8.5) for the periods 2016–2045 and 2046–2075. Climate projections show that Burkina Faso will experience temperature increases of 0.5–3 °C and decreased precipitation, with the most severe rainfall reductions in the country’s southern half, including the crucial southwestern agricultural zone. Maize yields will predominantly decrease across the country, with projected losses reaching 20% in most regions. The southwestern agricultural zone, critical for national food production, faces substantial yield decreases of up to 40% under the SSP5-8.5 scenario. In light of these findings, future research should employ the calibrated AquaCrop model to evaluate specific combinations of adaptation strategies. These strategies include optimized planting windows, field-level water management practices, and optimal fertilizer application schedules, providing actionable guidance for smallholder farmers in West Africa.

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      Atmosphere
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    Authors: Joël Arnault; Joël Arnault; Anthony Musili Mwanthi; Anthony Musili Mwanthi; +19 Authors

    Afforestation as a climate change mitigation option has been the subject of intense debate and study over the last few decades, particularly in the tropics where agricultural activity is expanding. However, the impact of such landcover changes on the surface energy budget, temperature, and precipitation remains unclear as feedbacks between various components are difficult to resolve and interpret. Contributing to this scientific debate, regional climate models of varying complexity can be used to test how regional climate reacts to afforestation. In this study, the focus is on the gauged Nzoia basin (12,700 km2) located in a heavily farmed region of tropical Africa. A reanalysis product is dynamically downscaled with a coupled atmospheric-hydrological model (WRF-Hydro) to finely resolve the land-atmosphere system in the Nzoia region. To overcome the problem of Nzoia river flooding over its banks we enhance WRF-Hydro with an overbank flow routing option, which improves the representation of daily discharge based on the Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency and Kling-Gupta efficiency (from −2.69 to 0.30, and −0.36 to 0.63, respectively). Changing grassland and cropland areas to savannas, woody savannas, and evergreen broadleaf forest in three synthetic numerical experiments allows the assessment of potential regional climate impacts of three afforestation strategies. In all three cases, the afforestation-induced decrease in soil evaporation is larger than the afforestation-induced increase in plant transpiration, thus increasing sensible heat flux and triggering a localized negative feedback process leading to more precipitation and more runoff. This effect is more pronounced with the woody savannas experiment, with 7% less evapotranspiration, but 13% more precipitation, 8% more surface runoff, and 12% more underground runoff predicted in the Nzoia basin. This study demonstrates a potentially large impact of afforestation on regional water resources, which should be investigated in more detail for policy making purposes.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Frontiers in Climatearrow_drop_down
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    Frontiers in Climate
    Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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    https://dx.doi.org/10.5445/ir/...
    Article . 2023
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    Frontiers in Climate
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    NORCE Research Archive
    Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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    Frontiers in Climate
    Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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    OPUS Augsburg
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      Frontiers in Climate
      Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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      https://dx.doi.org/10.5445/ir/...
      Article . 2023
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      Frontiers in Climate
      Article . 2023
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      NORCE Research Archive
      Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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      Frontiers in Climate
      Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
      https://dx.doi.org/10.60692/0g...
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      https://dx.doi.org/10.60692/c1...
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      OPUS Augsburg
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    Authors: Joël Arnault; Joël Arnault; Anthony Musili Mwanthi; Anthony Musili Mwanthi; +19 Authors

    Afforestation as a climate change mitigation option has been the subject of intense debate and study over the last few decades, particularly in the tropics where agricultural activity is expanding. However, the impact of such landcover changes on the surface energy budget, temperature, and precipitation remains unclear as feedbacks between various components are difficult to resolve and interpret. Contributing to this scientific debate, regional climate models of varying complexity can be used to test how regional climate reacts to afforestation. In this study, the focus is on the gauged Nzoia basin (12,700 km2) located in a heavily farmed region of tropical Africa. A reanalysis product is dynamically downscaled with a coupled atmospheric-hydrological model (WRF-Hydro) to finely resolve the land-atmosphere system in the Nzoia region. To overcome the problem of Nzoia river flooding over its banks we enhance WRF-Hydro with an overbank flow routing option, which improves the representation of daily discharge based on the Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency and Kling-Gupta efficiency (from −2.69 to 0.30, and −0.36 to 0.63, respectively). Changing grassland and cropland areas to savannas, woody savannas, and evergreen broadleaf forest in three synthetic numerical experiments allows the assessment of potential regional climate impacts of three afforestation strategies. In all three cases, the afforestation-induced decrease in soil evaporation is larger than the afforestation-induced increase in plant transpiration, thus increasing sensible heat flux and triggering a localized negative feedback process leading to more precipitation and more runoff. This effect is more pronounced with the woody savannas experiment, with 7% less evapotranspiration, but 13% more precipitation, 8% more surface runoff, and 12% more underground runoff predicted in the Nzoia basin. This study demonstrates a potentially large impact of afforestation on regional water resources, which should be investigated in more detail for policy making purposes.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Frontiers in Climatearrow_drop_down
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    Frontiers in Climate
    Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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    https://dx.doi.org/10.5445/ir/...
    Article . 2023
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    Frontiers in Climate
    Article . 2023
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    NORCE Research Archive
    Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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    Frontiers in Climate
    Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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    OPUS Augsburg
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      Frontiers in Climate
      Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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      https://dx.doi.org/10.5445/ir/...
      Article . 2023
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      Frontiers in Climate
      Article . 2023
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      NORCE Research Archive
      Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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      Frontiers in Climate
      Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
      https://dx.doi.org/10.60692/0g...
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      https://dx.doi.org/10.60692/c1...
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      OPUS Augsburg
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    Authors: Windmanagda Sawadogo; Tiga Neya; Drissa Semdé; Joël Awouhidia Korahiré; +7 Authors

    The Sudan-Sahel region has long been vulnerable to environmental change. However, the intensification of global warming has led to unprecedented challenges that require a detailed understanding of climate change for this region. This study analyzes the impacts of climate change for Burkina Faso using eleven climate indices that are highly relevant to Sudan-Sahelian societies. The full ensemble of statistically downscaled NEX-GDDP-CMIP6 models (25 km) is used to determine the projected changes for the near (2031-2060) and far future (2071-2100) compared to the reference period (1985-2014) for different SSPs. Validation of the climate models against state-of-the-art reference data (CHIRPS and ERA5) shows reasonable performance for the main climate variables with some biases. Under the SSP5-8.5, Burkina Faso is projected to experience a substantial temperature increase of more than 4.3°C by the end of the century. Rainfall amount is projected to increase by 30% under the SSP5-8.5, with the rainy season starting earlier and lasting longer. This could increase water availability for rainfed agriculture but is offset by a 20% increase in evapotranspiration. The country could be at increased risk of flooding and heavy rainfall in all SSPs and future periods. Due to the pronounced temperature increase, heat stress, discomfort, and cooling degree days are expected to strongly increase under the SSP8.5 scenarios, especially in the western and northern parts. Under the SSP1-2.6 and SSP5-8.5, the projected changes are much lower for the country. Thus, timely implementation of climate change mitigation measures can significantly reduce climate change impacts for this vulnerable region.

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    Environmental Challenges
    Article . 2024 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: Crossref
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    Environmental Challenges
    Article . 2024
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    https://doi.org/10.22541/essoa...
    Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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      Environmental Challenges
      Article . 2024 . Peer-reviewed
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      Environmental Challenges
      Article . 2024
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      https://doi.org/10.22541/essoa...
      Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Windmanagda Sawadogo; Tiga Neya; Drissa Semdé; Joël Awouhidia Korahiré; +7 Authors

    The Sudan-Sahel region has long been vulnerable to environmental change. However, the intensification of global warming has led to unprecedented challenges that require a detailed understanding of climate change for this region. This study analyzes the impacts of climate change for Burkina Faso using eleven climate indices that are highly relevant to Sudan-Sahelian societies. The full ensemble of statistically downscaled NEX-GDDP-CMIP6 models (25 km) is used to determine the projected changes for the near (2031-2060) and far future (2071-2100) compared to the reference period (1985-2014) for different SSPs. Validation of the climate models against state-of-the-art reference data (CHIRPS and ERA5) shows reasonable performance for the main climate variables with some biases. Under the SSP5-8.5, Burkina Faso is projected to experience a substantial temperature increase of more than 4.3°C by the end of the century. Rainfall amount is projected to increase by 30% under the SSP5-8.5, with the rainy season starting earlier and lasting longer. This could increase water availability for rainfed agriculture but is offset by a 20% increase in evapotranspiration. The country could be at increased risk of flooding and heavy rainfall in all SSPs and future periods. Due to the pronounced temperature increase, heat stress, discomfort, and cooling degree days are expected to strongly increase under the SSP8.5 scenarios, especially in the western and northern parts. Under the SSP1-2.6 and SSP5-8.5, the projected changes are much lower for the country. Thus, timely implementation of climate change mitigation measures can significantly reduce climate change impacts for this vulnerable region.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ KITopen (Karlsruhe I...arrow_drop_down
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    Environmental Challenges
    Article . 2024 . Peer-reviewed
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    Environmental Challenges
    Article . 2024
    Data sources: DOAJ
    https://doi.org/10.22541/essoa...
    Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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      Environmental Challenges
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      Environmental Challenges
      Article . 2024
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      https://doi.org/10.22541/essoa...
      Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: S.O. Ige; Harald Kunstmann; Harald Kunstmann; Patrick Laux; +3 Authors

    Abstract Spatiotemporal trends in daily observed precipitation, river discharge, maximum and minimum temperature data were investigated between 1971 and 2013 in the Komadugu-Yobe basin. Significant change points in time series are corrected using Adapted Caussinus-Mestre Algorithm for homogenizing Networks of Temperature series algorithm. Mann–Kendall test and Sen's slope are used to estimate the trend and its magnitude at dry, wet and annual season time scales, respectively. Preliminary results show an increasing trend of the observed variables. There is a latitudinal increase (decrease) in the basin temperature (precipitation) from lower to higher latitudes. The minimum temperature (0.05 °C/year) increases faster than the maximum temperature (0.03 °C/year). Overall, the percentage changes in minimum temperature range between 3 and 10% while that of maximum temperature ranges between 1 and 3%. Due to precipitation dependence on regional characteristics, the highest percentage change was recorded in precipitation with values between −5 and 97%. In all time scales, river discharge and precipitation have strong positive correlations while the correlation between river discharge and temperature is negative. It is imperative to advocate and support positive developmental practices as well as establishing necessary mitigation measures to cope with the effects of climate in the basin.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ KITopen (Karlsruhe I...arrow_drop_down
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    Journal of Water and Climate Change
    Article . 2019 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY
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    Journal of Water and Climate Change
    Article
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    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    https://dx.doi.org/10.60692/x0...
    Other literature type . 2019
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    https://dx.doi.org/10.60692/hf...
    Other literature type . 2019
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    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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      Journal of Water and Climate Change
      Article . 2019 . Peer-reviewed
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      https://dx.doi.org/10.60692/x0...
      Other literature type . 2019
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      https://dx.doi.org/10.60692/hf...
      Other literature type . 2019
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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    Authors: S.O. Ige; Harald Kunstmann; Harald Kunstmann; Patrick Laux; +3 Authors

    Abstract Spatiotemporal trends in daily observed precipitation, river discharge, maximum and minimum temperature data were investigated between 1971 and 2013 in the Komadugu-Yobe basin. Significant change points in time series are corrected using Adapted Caussinus-Mestre Algorithm for homogenizing Networks of Temperature series algorithm. Mann–Kendall test and Sen's slope are used to estimate the trend and its magnitude at dry, wet and annual season time scales, respectively. Preliminary results show an increasing trend of the observed variables. There is a latitudinal increase (decrease) in the basin temperature (precipitation) from lower to higher latitudes. The minimum temperature (0.05 °C/year) increases faster than the maximum temperature (0.03 °C/year). Overall, the percentage changes in minimum temperature range between 3 and 10% while that of maximum temperature ranges between 1 and 3%. Due to precipitation dependence on regional characteristics, the highest percentage change was recorded in precipitation with values between −5 and 97%. In all time scales, river discharge and precipitation have strong positive correlations while the correlation between river discharge and temperature is negative. It is imperative to advocate and support positive developmental practices as well as establishing necessary mitigation measures to cope with the effects of climate in the basin.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ KITopen (Karlsruhe I...arrow_drop_down
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    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Journal of Water and Climate Change
    Article . 2019 . Peer-reviewed
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    Journal of Water and Climate Change
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    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    https://dx.doi.org/10.60692/x0...
    Other literature type . 2019
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    https://dx.doi.org/10.60692/hf...
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    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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      Journal of Water and Climate Change
      Article . 2019 . Peer-reviewed
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      Journal of Water and Climate Change
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      https://dx.doi.org/10.60692/x0...
      Other literature type . 2019
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      https://dx.doi.org/10.60692/hf...
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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    Authors: Lorenz, Manuel; Bliefernicht, Jan; Kunstmann, Harald; Lorenz, Manuel; 1 Institute of Geography University of Augsburg Augsburg Germany; +1 Authors

    AbstractClimate model simulations typically exhibit a bias, which can be corrected using statistical approaches. In this study, a geostatistical approach for bias correction of daily precipitation at ungauged locations is presented. The method utilizes a double quantile mapping with dry day correction for future periods. The transfer function of the bias correction for the ungauged locations is established using distribution functions estimated by ordinary kriging with anisotropic variograms. The methodology was applied to the daily precipitation simulations of the entire CORDEX‐Africa ensemble for a study region located in the West African Sudanian Savanna. This ensemble consists of 23 regional climate models (RCM) that were run for three different future scenarios (RCP 2.6, RCP 4.5, and RCP 8.5). The evaluation of the approach for a historical 50‐year period (1950–2005) showed that the method can reduce the inherent strong precipitation bias of RCM simulations, thereby reproducing the main climatological features of the observed data. Moreover, the bias correction technique preserves the climate change signal of the uncorrected RCM simulations. However, the ensemble spread is increased due to an overestimation of the rainfall probability of uncorrected RCM simulations. The application of the bias correction method to the future period (2006–2100) revealed that annual precipitation increases for most models in the near (2020–2049) and far future (2070–2099) with a mean increase of up to (18%). An analysis of the monthly and daily time series showed a slightly delayed onset and intensification of the rainy season.

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    International Journal of Climatology
    Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
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      International Journal of Climatology
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      https://dx.doi.org/10.5445/ir/...
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    Authors: Lorenz, Manuel; Bliefernicht, Jan; Kunstmann, Harald; Lorenz, Manuel; 1 Institute of Geography University of Augsburg Augsburg Germany; +1 Authors

    AbstractClimate model simulations typically exhibit a bias, which can be corrected using statistical approaches. In this study, a geostatistical approach for bias correction of daily precipitation at ungauged locations is presented. The method utilizes a double quantile mapping with dry day correction for future periods. The transfer function of the bias correction for the ungauged locations is established using distribution functions estimated by ordinary kriging with anisotropic variograms. The methodology was applied to the daily precipitation simulations of the entire CORDEX‐Africa ensemble for a study region located in the West African Sudanian Savanna. This ensemble consists of 23 regional climate models (RCM) that were run for three different future scenarios (RCP 2.6, RCP 4.5, and RCP 8.5). The evaluation of the approach for a historical 50‐year period (1950–2005) showed that the method can reduce the inherent strong precipitation bias of RCM simulations, thereby reproducing the main climatological features of the observed data. Moreover, the bias correction technique preserves the climate change signal of the uncorrected RCM simulations. However, the ensemble spread is increased due to an overestimation of the rainfall probability of uncorrected RCM simulations. The application of the bias correction method to the future period (2006–2100) revealed that annual precipitation increases for most models in the near (2020–2049) and far future (2070–2099) with a mean increase of up to (18%). An analysis of the monthly and daily time series showed a slightly delayed onset and intensification of the rainy season.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ KITopen (Karlsruhe I...arrow_drop_down
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    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    International Journal of Climatology
    Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY
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    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    https://dx.doi.org/10.5445/ir/...
    Article . 2022
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    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    OPUS Augsburg
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      International Journal of Climatology
      Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
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      https://dx.doi.org/10.5445/ir/...
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    Authors: Zacharias, S.; Bogena, H.; Samaniego, L.; Mauder, M.; +23 Authors

    Multicompartment and multiscale long‐term observation and research are important prerequisites to tackling the scientific challenges resulting from climate and global change. Long‐term monitoring programs are cost intensive and require high analytical standards, however, and the gain of knowledge often requires longer observation times. Nevertheless, several environmental research networks have been established in recent years, focusing on the impact of climate and land use change on terrestrial ecosystems. From 2008 onward, a network of Terrestrial Environmental Observatories (TERENO) has been established in Germany as an interdisciplinary research program that aims to observe and explore the long‐term ecological, social, and economic impacts of global change at the regional level. State‐of‐the‐art methods from the field of environmental monitoring, geophysics, and remote sensing will be used to record and analyze states and fluxes for different environmental compartments from groundwater through the vadose zone, surface water, and biosphere, up to the lower atmosphere.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ KITopen (Karlsruhe I...arrow_drop_down
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    Vadose Zone Journal
    Article . 2011 . Peer-reviewed
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    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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    Authors: Zacharias, S.; Bogena, H.; Samaniego, L.; Mauder, M.; +23 Authors

    Multicompartment and multiscale long‐term observation and research are important prerequisites to tackling the scientific challenges resulting from climate and global change. Long‐term monitoring programs are cost intensive and require high analytical standards, however, and the gain of knowledge often requires longer observation times. Nevertheless, several environmental research networks have been established in recent years, focusing on the impact of climate and land use change on terrestrial ecosystems. From 2008 onward, a network of Terrestrial Environmental Observatories (TERENO) has been established in Germany as an interdisciplinary research program that aims to observe and explore the long‐term ecological, social, and economic impacts of global change at the regional level. State‐of‐the‐art methods from the field of environmental monitoring, geophysics, and remote sensing will be used to record and analyze states and fluxes for different environmental compartments from groundwater through the vadose zone, surface water, and biosphere, up to the lower atmosphere.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ KITopen (Karlsruhe I...arrow_drop_down
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    Vadose Zone Journal
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    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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    Authors: Harald Kunstmann; Harald Kunstmann; Caroline Brosy; Klaus Schäfer; +5 Authors

    Abstract. The state and composition of the lowest part of the planetary boundary layer (PBL), i.e., the atmospheric surface layer (SL), reflects the interactions of external forcing, land surface, vegetation, human influence and the atmosphere. Vertical profiles of atmospheric variables in the SL at high spatial and temporal resolution increase our understanding of these interactions, but are still challenging to measure appropriately. Traditional ground-based observations include towers that often cover only few measurement heights on a fixed location. At the same time, remote sensing techniques and aircraft measurements are challenged to achieve sufficient detail close to the ground. Vertical and horizontal sounding of the PBL can be complemented by unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV). Our aim in this case study is to assess the use of a multicopter-type UAV to simultaneously support the spatial sampling of air and the sensing of meteorological variables for the study of the surface exchange processes. To this end, a UAV was equipped with onboard air temperature and humidity sensors, while wind conditions were determined from the UAV’s flight control sensors. Further, the UAV was used to systematically change the location of a sample inlet connected to a sample tube, allowing the observation of methane abundance using a ground-based analyzer. Vertical methane gradients were found during stable atmospheric conditions with a gradient of about 300 ppb. Our results showed that both methane and meteorological conditions were in agreement with other observations at the site during the ScaleX-2015 campaign. The multicopter-type UAV was capable of simultaneous in situ sensing of meteorological state variables and sampling of air up to 50 m above the surface, which extended the vertical profile height of existing tower-based infrastructure by a factor of five.

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    Authors: Harald Kunstmann; Harald Kunstmann; Caroline Brosy; Klaus Schäfer; +5 Authors

    Abstract. The state and composition of the lowest part of the planetary boundary layer (PBL), i.e., the atmospheric surface layer (SL), reflects the interactions of external forcing, land surface, vegetation, human influence and the atmosphere. Vertical profiles of atmospheric variables in the SL at high spatial and temporal resolution increase our understanding of these interactions, but are still challenging to measure appropriately. Traditional ground-based observations include towers that often cover only few measurement heights on a fixed location. At the same time, remote sensing techniques and aircraft measurements are challenged to achieve sufficient detail close to the ground. Vertical and horizontal sounding of the PBL can be complemented by unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV). Our aim in this case study is to assess the use of a multicopter-type UAV to simultaneously support the spatial sampling of air and the sensing of meteorological variables for the study of the surface exchange processes. To this end, a UAV was equipped with onboard air temperature and humidity sensors, while wind conditions were determined from the UAV’s flight control sensors. Further, the UAV was used to systematically change the location of a sample inlet connected to a sample tube, allowing the observation of methane abundance using a ground-based analyzer. Vertical methane gradients were found during stable atmospheric conditions with a gradient of about 300 ppb. Our results showed that both methane and meteorological conditions were in agreement with other observations at the site during the ScaleX-2015 campaign. The multicopter-type UAV was capable of simultaneous in situ sensing of meteorological state variables and sampling of air up to 50 m above the surface, which extended the vertical profile height of existing tower-based infrastructure by a factor of five.

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    https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-20...
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    Atmospheric Measurement Techniques (AMT)
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    Authors: Samer Chaaraoui; Matthias Bebber; Stefanie Meilinger; Silvan Rummeny; +3 Authors

    Ghana suffers from frequent power outages, which can be compensated by off-grid energy solutions. Photovoltaic-hybrid systems become more and more important for rural electrification due to their potential to offer a clean and cost-effective energy supply. However, uncertainties related to the prediction of electrical loads and solar irradiance result in inefficient system control and can lead to an unstable electricity supply, which is vital for the high reliability required for applications within the health sector. Model predictive control (MPC) algorithms present a viable option to tackle those uncertainties compared to rule-based methods, but strongly rely on the quality of the forecasts. This study tests and evaluates (a) a seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average (SARIMA) algorithm, (b) an incremental linear regression (ILR) algorithm, (c) a long short-term memory (LSTM) model, and (d) a customized statistical approach for electrical load forecasting on real load data of a Ghanaian health facility, considering initially limited knowledge of load and pattern changes through the implementation of incremental learning. The correlation of the electrical load with exogenous variables was determined to map out possible enhancements within the algorithms. Results show that all algorithms show high accuracies with a median normalized root mean square error (nRMSE) <0.1 and differing robustness towards load-shifting events, gradients, and noise. While the SARIMA algorithm and the linear regression model show extreme error outliers of nRMSE >1, methods via the LSTM model and the customized statistical approaches perform better with a median nRMSE of 0.061 and stable error distribution with a maximum nRMSE of <0.255. The conclusion of this study is a favoring towards the LSTM model and the statistical approach, with regard to MPC applications within photovoltaic-hybrid system solutions in the Ghanaian health sector.

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    Authors: Samer Chaaraoui; Matthias Bebber; Stefanie Meilinger; Silvan Rummeny; +3 Authors

    Ghana suffers from frequent power outages, which can be compensated by off-grid energy solutions. Photovoltaic-hybrid systems become more and more important for rural electrification due to their potential to offer a clean and cost-effective energy supply. However, uncertainties related to the prediction of electrical loads and solar irradiance result in inefficient system control and can lead to an unstable electricity supply, which is vital for the high reliability required for applications within the health sector. Model predictive control (MPC) algorithms present a viable option to tackle those uncertainties compared to rule-based methods, but strongly rely on the quality of the forecasts. This study tests and evaluates (a) a seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average (SARIMA) algorithm, (b) an incremental linear regression (ILR) algorithm, (c) a long short-term memory (LSTM) model, and (d) a customized statistical approach for electrical load forecasting on real load data of a Ghanaian health facility, considering initially limited knowledge of load and pattern changes through the implementation of incremental learning. The correlation of the electrical load with exogenous variables was determined to map out possible enhancements within the algorithms. Results show that all algorithms show high accuracies with a median normalized root mean square error (nRMSE) <0.1 and differing robustness towards load-shifting events, gradients, and noise. While the SARIMA algorithm and the linear regression model show extreme error outliers of nRMSE >1, methods via the LSTM model and the customized statistical approaches perform better with a median nRMSE of 0.061 and stable error distribution with a maximum nRMSE of <0.255. The conclusion of this study is a favoring towards the LSTM model and the statistical approach, with regard to MPC applications within photovoltaic-hybrid system solutions in the Ghanaian health sector.

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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      OPUS Augsburg
      Article . 2021
      License: CC BY
      Data sources: OPUS Augsburg
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